Orientador: Jose Julio Gavião de Almeida / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T13:52:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gomes_MarianaSimoesPimentel_M.pdf: 2364651 bytes, checksum: a7810a05e2e37d8ae168e76d6d540ac8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Pensar no fenômeno Lutas geralmente nos remete a um conjunto de modalidades, cada uma com sua história, filosofia e características específicas. Considerando as Lutas como um conhecimento complexo e legítimo da Educação Física, acreditamos que o ensino fragmentado em modalidades na iniciação tende a restringir o universo de possibilidades inerentes aos conteúdos deste conhecimento, deixando de contemplar alguns contextos e personagens da pedagogia do esporte, tais como as pessoas com deficiência. Desta forma, este estudo buscou compreender e propor novos procedimentos pedagógicos acerca do ensino das Lutas. Para o alcance de tal objetivo, utilizamos a entrevista semi-estruturada, coletando dados junto a quatro professores de Educação Física e mestres nas modalidades Judô, Jiu Jitsu, Taekwondo, Karate, Kendo e Esgrima. Após a transcrição das entrevistas, elas foram analisadas pela Análise de Enunciação, uma das técnicas da Análise de Conteúdo. Percebemos então, que as Lutas dispõem de princípios condicionais (contato proposital, fusão ataque/defesa, oponente/alvo, imprevisibilidade e regras) determinantes para a compreensão e leitura da dinâmica interna de qualquer prática de Luta, que solicitam o pensamento tático e a criação de técnicas para solução dos problemas num combate. Assim, pôde-se classificar (grupos de aproximação) e conceituar as Lutas como um conhecimento da Educação Física, passível de ser ensinado na educação formal e não formal, de maneira global, antecedendo o estágio especializado. Os dados demonstram que a prática das Lutas por pessoas com deficiência se dá em modalidades específicas (como o Judô e a Esgrima) e tende a despertar o potencial criativo tanto do aluno como do professor no processo de ensino- aprendizagem, embora alguns alunos se adaptem melhor aos movimentos de determinadas modalidades. Consideramos que a partir do método aqui proposto, pode iniciar-se o ensino das Lutas com ênfase nas "razões do fazer", significando ainda mais o aprendizado e permitindo que ele seja explorado nos diversos contextos (clubes, academias, escolas) e pelos mais diferentes personagens (crianças, jovens, adultos, idosos, pessoas com deficiência). / Abstract: Thinking of the martial Arts phenomenon usually leads us to a group of modalities, each one with its own history, philosophy and specific characteristics. Considering Martial Arts as a complex knowledge, legitimate of the physical education (P.E.) contend, we believe that the shattered teaching into modalities in the initiation process, leads to the restriction of the universe of possibilities Martial Arts can offer, not contemplating some of the Sports Pedagogy contexts and personages, such as people with disabilities. So, this study sought to comprehend and propose new pedagogical procedures around the Martial Arts teaching. For that we used semi structured interviews, colleting data from four P.E. teachers and masters in the modalities: Judo, Jiu Jitsu, Taekwondo, Karate and Fencing. After the transcription, they were analyzed by the Enunciation technique, one of the Contend Analysis techniques. We realized that the Martial Arts have conditional principles (intentional contact, attack/defense fusion, opponent/target, unpredictability and rules) determinant for the understanding and reading of a combat's internal dynamic of any Martial Arts manifestation, which demands the tactical thinking and the technique creation for problem resolutions in a combat. This way, we could classify (approximation groups) and define Martial Arts as a P.E. knowledge, possible to be taught in the formal and non formal education, through a global method, preceding the specialized stage. The data show that the Martial Arts practice by people with disabilities happens in specific modalities (such as Judo and Wheelchair fencing) and leads to develop the students' creative potential as much as the teachers' in the teaching/learning process, however some students may better adapt to the movements of some modalities. We consider that from the method proposed in this study, it is possible to start the Martial Arts teaching emphasizing the "doing reasons", signifying the learning even more and permitting it to be explored in all contexts (gyms, clubs, schools) by the most different personages (children, adults, elderly, people with disability). / Mestrado / Atividade Fisica, Adaptação e Saude / Mestre em Educação Física

Dans une première partie, une approche sociohistorique permet de dénaturaliser les catégories d'arts martiaux et de sports de combat forgées par des acteurs sociaux en lutte pour le contrôle d’un champ. Cette première étape permet d'identifier trois idéaux types : les combats codifiés, les combats culturalisés et les pratiques de self-defense. La deuxième partie démontre à partir des données de terrains recueillies que le Tai-chi peut être analysé comme une technique de soi et l’école de Tai-chi comme un dispositif visant à l’incorporation d’un éthos confucéen par les élèves. La troisième partie montre la subjectivation des élèves repose sur l’incorporation d’une culture kinesthésique. Cependant, les élèves transforment le dispositif d’éthopoïèse confucéen du maître en un dispositif d’exopoïèse. Le « Ren », forme idéalisée du lien social confucéen, devient une forme de non-lien social permettant d’enraciner l’école dans un imaginaire exotique. L’école devient ainsi un espace d'altérité radicale permettant un déplacement récréatif, une sublimation du quotidien. Cet espace devient ainsi un lieu privilégié de réinvention de soi. / In the first part of thesis, a socio-historical analysis allows an unnaturalision of the concept of martial arts and combat sport created by social actors in their struggle for controlling a field. This first step enables us to identify three ideal types : the codified combat, culturalised combat and self-defence practice. The second part shows from the field data that Tai-chi could be analysed as a technology of the self and the Tai-chi school as an apparatus aiming at the embodiment of a Confucian ethos by the students. The third part points out that the student subjectivation lies on the embodiment of a kinaesthetic culture. However, the student transforms the Confucianist éthopoïesis apparatus into an exopoïesis apparatus. The « Ren », an idealised form of Confucianist social relations became a form of non-social relations rooting the school in an exotic imaginary. The school thus became a space of radical alterity enabling a recreative shift, a sublimation of everyday life. Thus, the school became a favoured place of self-reinvention.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the communication strategies of medieval fightbooks and the purpose of integrated depictions of their authors and addressees. The point of departure is a series of three articles written by Jan-Dirk MÜLLER between 1992 and 1994, in which he analyses the relationship between mnemonic verses, glosses and didactic images in the tradition of the fencing master Johannes Liechtenauer. On the basis of a case study on the five surviving 15th century manuscripts ascribed to Hans Talhofer, who also stands in the tradition of Liechtenauer, the description of his personal martial art by the use of didactic images is examined.

Objetivo: Determinar la correlación entre salud oral y calidad de vida en los deportistas de las selecciones de artes marciales de una universidad privada de Lima Materiales y métodos: Se evaluó 147 deportistas de artes marciales de las selecciones de Karate, Judo, Taekwondo, Wushu. La salud oral fue evaluada mediante los índices epidemiológicos de CPOD y O ́Leary, asimismo el índice PSR fue registrado para evaluar el estado de la enfermedad periodontal. La calidad de vida fue evaluada mediante la encuesta OHIP-49sp. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva (media y desviación estándar) e inferencial (Correlación de Spearman). Resultados: Se halló un CPOD poblacional de 5 ± 3.72, donde el promedio de Cariados fue de 2.11 ± 2.24, Perdidos 0.02 ± 0.16 y Obturados 2.85 ± 3.30. Asimismo, el promedio de índice de O ́Leary fue 54.82 ± 25.01 (Deficiente higiene oral). Con relación al estado periodontal, se encontró que el 33.67% de los sextantes presentaron códigos 1, el 57,03% código 2, y el 5.56% código 0 según el índice de PSR. En cuanto, a la encuesta OHIP-49sp las dimensiones que obtuvieron los más altos puntajes fueron dolor físico con un puntaje de 7.65 ± 4.52 y limitación funcional 7.2 ± 4.42. No se halló correlación estadísticamente significativa entre las variables salud oral y calidad de vida. Conclusiones: No existe correlación entre la salud y calidad de vida en los deportistas de artes marciales. Sin embargo, se encontró un alto riesgo de caries dental, deficiente higiene oral y probable gingivitis. / Aim: To determinate the correlation between oral health and quality of life in athletes of the martial arts teams of a private university in Lima Materials and methods: 147 martial arts athletes from the national teams of Karate, Judo, Taekwondo, Wushu were evaluated. Oral health was evaluated using the epidemiological indices of CPOD and O'Leary, and the PSR index was also recorded to assess the periodontal disease status. Quality of life was evaluated using the OHIP-49sp survey. The data were analyzed using descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Spearman correlation). Results: It was found that the DMFT poblational was 5 ± 3.72, where the average of decayed teeth was 2.11 ± 2.24, lost ones 0.02 ± 0.16 and sealed 2.85 ± 3.30. In other hand, the average of O’Leary index was 54.82 ± 25.01 (Poor Oral Hygiene). Also it was found that 33.67 percent of the sextants were codes 1, 57, 03% code 2, 5.56% code 0 according to the PSR index. As for the OHIP-49sp survey, the dimensions that obtained the highest scores were physical pain with a score of 7.65 ± 4.52 and functional limitation of 7.2 ± 4.42. No statistically significant correlationship was found between the variables oral health and quality of life Conclusion: There is no correlationship between health and quality of life in martial arts athletes. However, a high risk of dental caries, poor oral hygiene and probable gingivitis were found. / Tesis

Cette thèse porte sur un art martial, l’aikibudo, « fondé » au début des années 1980 par le Français Alain Floquet. Âgé de presque 80 ans, celui-ci tente, depuis quelques années, de transmettre progressivement la responsabilité technique de son école. Cette transmission intensifie des tensions entre les successeurs potentiels – ceux que nous avons appelés les maîtres. Ainsi, l’organisation de la discipline doit-elle se moderniser ou garder un caractère « traditionnel » ? Avec une forme technique plus éthérée ou plus réaliste ? Et quelle devrait-elle la place de chacun dans la future organisation ? De leur point de vue, les maîtres considèrent le plus souvent ces tensions comme des luttes d’ego ou encore des luttes de pouvoir. Il semble pourtant qu’elles ne relèvent pas que de la seule rationalité instrumentale. Telle est l’hypothèse générale de cette recherche. Pour mener à bien cette recherche, deux cadres théoriques jusqu’ici peu articulés ont été croisés : la sociologie pragmatique de Boltanski et Thévenot (1991) qui permet d’appréhender les arrière-plans axiologiques de ces tensions ; le programme dispositionnaliste proposé par Lahire (2012) qui s’attache aux dispositions des individus observés et aux contextes (macro et micro sociaux) dans lesquels ils agissent. L’enquête menée repose sur un volet qualitatif (observation participante, entretiens semi-directifs) et un volet quantitatif (analyse sociodémographique des pratiquants et questionnaire en ligne). Elle conduit à deux résultats principaux. Il en ressort d’abord que derrière l’apparente unité du discours des maîtres sur l’aikibudo, on peut distinguer trois modes d’engagement dans la discipline : l’engagement militaire, l’engagement artistique et l’engagement sportif. Chacun de ces modes d’engagement se traduit par des forme spécifiques de pratique, un attachement plus ou moins fort à la tradition, et un type de rapport de l’individu au groupe. De la sorte, on met en évidence la dimension morale des tensions dont l’enjeu est une reconfiguration et une redéfinition de la discipline au moment où le fondateur délègue progressivement la direction de son école. Par ailleurs, l’aikibudo n’est pas, pour ceux qui s’y engagent fortement, qu’un espace trivial de loisir. Il constitue le lieu central et symbolique d’une quête soi d’autant plus dense que l’individu a subi, préalablement, des expériences douloureuses, des formes d’humiliation ou de violence. Ainsi, les tensions apparaissent sous un autre jour. Leur virulence s’explique par le sens que les individus trouvent dans leur engagement dans l’aikibudo : une parabole de leur lutte pour la verticalité entendue comme un redressement et une élévation de soi. L’accès au statut de maître marque la reconnaissance de cette lutte que les haut-gradés mènent depuis plusieurs décennies. Mettre en doute leur qualité ou leur compétence de maître, c’est comme affecter ce qui fonde l’identité qu’ils ont pu construire, dans et au-delà de l’espace clos du dojo / This PhD thesis deals with a martial art – aikibudo – "founded" in the early 1980’s by the Frenchman Alain Floquet. Today, he is indeed 80 years old and has been passing on the technical charge of his "school" for a few years. But some tensions have grown between his successors – called "the masters" – who disagree on the future of aikibudo: should it become a traditional or a modern school? With an artistic or a realistic form? And what should the place of each one be in the future organization of the group? From their own point of view, the masters consider these tensions are caused by warring egos or power struggles. The general hypothesis of this work consists in showing that these tensions are not due to instrumental rationality alone. It is based on the crossing of two theoretical frameworks, namely the pragmatic sociology of Boltanski and Thevenot (1991) which enables to understand the axiological backgrounds of these tensions and the dispositionalist program of Lahire (2012) which focuses on the dispositions of some observed individuals and on the macro and micro-social contexts in which they interact. The study contains a qualitative part (participant observation and semi-leading interviews) and a quantitative one (practitioners’ sociodemographic analysis and an online questionnaire). There are two main results. Firstly, behind the visible unity of the Masters’ speeches on aikibudo, we can notice three types of commitment: a military commitment, an artistic commitment and an individualist (or athletic) commitment. Each of them implies specific practices, more or less powerful links to traditions and different forms of attachment of the individual to the group. This way, the moral dimension of the tensions becomes obvious. Their major issue is the redefinition and reconfiguration of the martial art as its founder is little by little delegating the running of his school. Secondly, aikibudo is not only a trivial space of leisure for those who are strongly engaged in it. It is also a central and symbolic quest of one’s self, all the more important that the individual has previously lived painful, humiliating or even violent experiences. Thus the tensions appear in a different way. Their virulence can be explained by the sense the individuals give to their commitment to aikibudo: a parable of their struggle for verticality in the sense of a recovery, an elevation of their selves. Accessing the rank of Master is like a gratitude for those at the top who have been struggling for decades. Doubting their skills as Masters affects the identity they have been building inside and outside the confined space of the dojo

The study deals with European medieval contact combat, which is often unjustly overlooked and underestimated. It places medieval wrestling and the techniques of medieval hand-to-hand combat systems into the wider context of global development and qualitatively assesses their technical level. In historiographical literature, martial arts used by medieval wrestlers, just like any other medieval martial arts, are often regarded as a mere connecting link between the advanced ancient combat and complex Renaissance combat systems. However, such assessment is rather the result of logical premises, not a detailed analysis. The study does not regard medieval combat as a complete and imperfect interlude on its way towards ever-more perfect formations. On the contrary, the study aims to find and explore several phases and systems, various qualitative levels that medieval combat systems went through and which emerged from the heterogeneous conditions of different time epochs. The study will explain the reasons of the transformation from ancient combat activities into medieval systems and it will reveal and explain their particular forms and contents on specific examples. It will also stress the fact that each peak phase of development of any martial art fully meets the needs of the war field and self-defence...

Existe una alta prevalencia en cuanto al uso de suplementos alimenticios (SA) en deportistas a nivel mundial. Se ha visto que usualmente a mayor número de horas de práctica del deporte el atleta es más propenso a utilizar mayor cantidad de suplementos alimenticios. En cuanto al Perú, al igual que en la región de América del Sur, existen pocas investigaciones acerca del tema. Se realizó un estudio observacional de tipo transversal analítico para evaluar la asociación entre la frecuencia de práctica del deporte y los tipos de suplementos alimenticios que utilizan los judocas de la Federación Deportiva Peruana de Judo y los judocas pertenecientes a la selección de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC). Se utilizó una encuesta para el recojo de datos y se hizo de manera personal. Se encontró una relación significativa entre el número de horas de entrenamiento a la semana y el consumo de suplementos alimenticios en ambas categorías de suplementos alimenticios estudiadas; existe una asociación al factor de protección. Asimismo, se vio que aquellos que practicaban el deporte en un número de horas mayor a 19 por semana tenían 1,58 más probabilidades de consumir SA para la construcción muscular que quienes entrenaban igual o menos de 19 horas por semana. De igual modo, se encontró mediante un análisis multivariado ajustado que los judocas que practicaban el deporte más de 19 horas por semana tenían 1,21 más probabilidades de consumir SA para la mejora del rendimiento. Los hallazgos de este estudio pueden ser utilizados por los nutricionistas de ambas instituciones para (a) identificar los SA utilizados por los atletas, frecuencia y razón de uso y (b) implementar programas educativos sobre el correcto uso de SA. / There is a high prevalence of the use of dietary supplements in athletes from different parts of the world. It has been noted that usually more hours of training are prone to more dietary supplement use. In regard to Peru there are very few references; no important studies regarding the topic were found. Studying about the knowledge, consuming habits, and sources of information regarding the use in general and the type of food supplements used could help to create better policies and protocols of attention for coaches and athletes, and thereby improve the performance of the athletes. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the frequency of the practice of the sport and the consumption of nutritional supplements in qualified judocas of the Peruvian Judo Sports Federation and members of de judo team of the Peruvian University of Applied Science. Likewise, those were related with the different variables that could influence them. A survey instrument was used to collect data and were done in a personal survey. A significant relationship was found between the use of dietary supplements and training hours on both studied dietary supplement groups. It was found that those participants who trained more than 19 hours per week had 1,58 more possibilities of using dietary supplements for muscle building than those who trained 19 or less hours per week. In the same way, it was found that based on an adjusted multivariate analysis by statistically significant variables, the participants who trained more than 19 hours per week had 1,21 times more probability of using dietary supplements for performance enhancement. The findings on this study could be used by the nutritionist of both institutions to identify the used dietary supplements, frequency and main reason of use, as well as implement educational programs about the correct usage of dietary supplements. / Tesis

The diploma thesis presents a media image of one of the fastest growing sports in the world. Mixed Martial Arts, abbreviation MMA, has a history in the Czech Republic since the 1990s. The media portrayal of male and female Mixed Martial Arts represents one of the aspects that are not fully covered in the Czech Republic. With the help of qualitative and quantitative content analysis, articles from the four most read Czech printed periodicals are explored - Blesk, Mladá Fronta DNES, Právo and Sport and four Czech news websites - Blesk.cz, iDNES.cz, Sport.cz and iSport.cz. A total of 1331 articles are analyzed in the research. The main goal of the work was to map the media image of this sport and to point out possible differences in referring to female and male athletes. The results of the research showed that although the female MMA received significantly less media attention, there was no downplay on the abilities of the female athletes. The secondary goal of the work was to discover and analyze possible stereotypes that are associated with Mixed Martial Arts. Out of a total of 1331 articles, stereotypes were traced only in 34 cases. The analysis traced a stereotype associated with the characteristics and visage of female athletes and a stereotype called Bad Guys, which portrayed MMA as a brutal sport.

This dissertation is a comparative inquiry into the formation of the urban order as a product of different discursive practices. Three main textual objects are taken into examination to dissect the interaction of textual form with the crystallization of a new social order centered in the city. The first is a martial arts manual written by the Spanish hidalgo and luckless conquistador Bernardo de Vargas Machuca in 1599, titled Milicia y descripción de las Indias. The second is Teatro de virtudes políticas que constituyen a un príncipe, a piece of Baroque literature composed in 1680 by the Creole savant Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora on the occasion of the arrival of the new viceroy to Mexico City. The last is a manual of public hygiene, Trattato d’igiene e sanità pubblica, published between 1905 and 1912 by Luigi Pagliani, one of the main figures behind the reorganization of the public health administration in post-Unification Italy. I approach these works first as cohesive systems of knowledge, and then investigate their individual components, argumentative logic, representational strategies, and tropes. Though heterogeneous in nature, these texts identify foundational moments when the city, as a discursive construct, is molded or thoroughly redesigned through the rationality of an emerging field of knowledge: military theory, Baroque literature and spectacle, hygiene and public health. As a constitutive element in the systematization of their respective fields, these texts envision, craft, and perform three “model cities”, or paradigms of urban order, that capture the succession of different mechanisms of power: the ciudad indiana established by colonizers at the fringes of the Spanish empire, the Creole city of the Novohispanic elites, and the hygienic city at the rise of the modern nation-State. These models enable processes of subjectivation to enfold, refashion the urban order into distinct arrangements, and reflect shifts and recalibrations in the modalities of power, the deployment of new techniques of government or means of social control. Vargas Machuca, Sigüenza, and Pagliani are treated, as it were, metonymically. They express, stand for, and intercept the social dynamics proper to their own cultural and historical horizons. They represented different social types (the indiano militiaman, the Baroque letrado, and the positivist technocrat) and operated as organic intellectuals of their times, who channeled and articulated on the ideological level the demands and injunctions of rising social groups. It is the complex entanglement of power relations, ideological investments, socio-economic transformations, and collective identities, that I have tried to unravel throughout my dissertation. The city, I argue, comes into sight as a field crossed by multiple forces, an apparatus that engenders sameness and difference, selfhood and otherness, emplaces ranks, hierarchies, and divisions that structure the polity, forges subjectivities through inclusionary or exclusionary strategies.

The action in distressed situations must be resolved in accordance with the laws and regulations that the police must take into consideration. In order to achieve this in the best possible way, the individual police officers sense of security in the situation is a key factor. A security that is closely associated with a deeper knowledgement, a feeling that arises when you feel in control of the situation, regardless of whether physical violence is ongoing or imminent. The individual´s own insight into their own ability means that the individual police officer will resolve the situation quickly and efficiently, which is described as a feeling of being one step ahead, being able to control the course of events. A belief that one can initially solve the situation through communication, physical coercion or finally with the tools available on the belt. The actions of an individual police officer in distressed situations depend on the knowledge and experience that the individual already possessed. It can be experiences from more controlled situations like MAT, POLKON-training or from similar events that have taken place earlier in duty. These underlying skills is the base for resolving the situation accordance with the laws and regulations that the police have to take into account. Eight respondents chose to participate in this qualitative study which consisted of an interview where the conversations were held about the concept of security and how the respondents would solve two situations as they were presented via video. This hermeneutic interpretation of the material can´t give any direct conclusions as the basis of the study is small but an indication that knowledge in MAT, makes the respondents more confident in the situations they were face with during the interviews.