This work addresses the nationalistic elements in the 1570 work Kunst des Fechtens by Joachim Meyer of Strassburg. Meyer's teachings on the longsword are attached to the Swabian Johannes Liechtenauer and then transferred to the Italian rapier thus establishing Meyer as less concerned with nationalist purity as others of his century. His teachings are examined for their pleadings for moral conduct and the preservation of martial studies to the youth of Germany and the young Duke of Bavaria, Johann Casimir. Using modern examples alongside Meyer's writings the case is also made for the integration of nationalist sentiments, moral and ethical instruction, and martial arts training.

Betyg VG / SIDA

Šiame darbe pateikiami pozicionavimo teoriniai aspektai, tyrimo metodikos ir jo organizavimo analizė bei rytų kovos menų klubų Kauno mieste pozicionavimo veiklos tyrimas. Darbą sudaro: literatūros apžvalga, tyrimo metodika ir organizavimas, tyrimo rezultatai ir aptarimas bei išvados. Pirmoje dalyje aiškinama pozicionavimo raiška sporto marketinge, pozicionavimas STP modelyje, segmentavimo ir tikslinės rinkos įtaga pozicionavimo kokybei, pozicionavimo procesai, pozicionavimo būdai ir klaidos. Antroje darbo dalyje aprašomas tyrimo metodikos pagrindimas bei kokybinis tyrimas ir jo organizavimas. Trečioje dalyje atliekamas kokybinis tyrimas. Pusiau struktūrizuoto interviu pagalba surinktos informacijos analizė ir interpretacija. Taip pat pateikiami apibendrinti tyrimo rezultatai. Išvadose pateikiami pagrindiniai pozicionavimo aspektai ir jo raiška sporto marketinge, tyrimo apibendrinimas. Darbo objektas – Kauno miesto rytų kovos menų klubų pozicionavimas. Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti Kauno miesto rytų kovos menų klubų pozicionavimo veiklą. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Aprašyti pozicionavimo veiklos raišką sporto marketinge. 2. Apibūdinti pozicionavimo veiklos procesus. 3. Išanalizuoti Kauno miesto rytų kovos menų klubų pozicionavimo veiklą. / This work discussed theoretical aspects of the positioning, research’s methodology and analysis, and martial arts clubs positioning activity research in Kaunas. The work consists of a literature review, research methodology and organization, results and discussion, conclusions. The first part explains the positioning resolution of sports marketing, positioning in STP model, segmentation and target market significance in positioning quality, positioning processes, techniques and positioning mistakes. In the second part of the paper describes methodology for rationale analyzing and qualitative research and its organization. In the third part is done qualitative research. Semi-structured interviews help to collect information and to do analyses and interpretation. It also summarizes the results of the study. In the conclusions are main aspects of positioning, positioning expression in sports marketing and research summary. The object: Kaunas city martial arts clubs. The aim: Analyze Kaunas city martial arts clubs positioning activities. The goals: 1. Describe the positioning resolution of sports marketing. 2. Describe positioning proceses. 3. Analyze positioning activities of martial arts clubs in Kaunas city.

This thesis examines two examples of martial dance theatre: Mika HAKA performed by Torotoro (New Zealand), and The Sound of Silence performed by Samudra (India). Both productions were created for international touring, and this thesis looks at their performance at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival (UK). The companies’ choreography integrates native and foreign dance with their hereditary martial arts. These disciplines involve practitioners in displays of prowess that are also entertaining spectacles. They have an expressive dimension that makes them contiguous with dance – a potential that Torotoro and Samudra exploit. The companies address their audiences with combative and inviting movements: Torotoro juxtapose wero and haka (Māori martial rites) with breakdance; Samudra combine kaḷarippayaṭṭu (Kerala’s martial art) with bharatanāṭyam (South Indian classical dance). Their productions interweave local movement practices with performance arts in global circulation, and are often presented before predominantly white, Western audiences. What is created are performances that are generically unstable – the product of cultural interactions in which contradictory agendas converge. In its largest scope, martial dance theatre might include military parades and tattoos, ritual enactments of combat, and folk and classical dance theatre. These performances propagate images of idealised men that create statements of national and cultural identity. They, and the martial disciplines they theatricalise, are also implicated in the performative construction of gender, ethnicity and race. Torotoro and Samudra’s performances, influenced by queer and feminist agendas, offer insights into martial dance theatre’s masculinist potential, and its contribution to the intercultural negotiation of identities. Prominent European theatre practitioners have sought to employ the martial arts to develop Western performers. If these culturally specific disciplines are expressive and performative disciplines, then what are the implications and complications of this transcultural project?

Over the past five years, Brazil has seen rapid growth establish the production and consumption of a movement called mixed martial arts, popularly known as "MMA". The consuming public of MMA integrates the productive process of developing such a practice as an option for leisure and sport. The production of this new entertainment offering consists of symbolic goods that convert people into consumers, a social relation mediated by the media, advertising and consumption ranging from dietary supplements goods, passing through components of male and female clothing, even to the toys for children. With the recent growth of MMA in Brazil, either through the interest of the population practicing this new sport, either by increasing viewers of fighting through television, position ourselves in front of a relevant research: the research of the formation and consolidation of a specific category of consumers. This dissertation addresses the consolidation of a new "sport-entertainment" through the relationship between individuals and the symbolic practices immersed in an extremely excited society. The dimension of wellness will be presented here in the midst of a symbolic logic that potentiates the social construction of masculinity, where questions about the body and the masculinizing practices become important keys to understanding the formation of the habitus that consumer. In this context, the configuration of the consumption practices of MMA shows us a society whose habitus favors the search for ecstasy. / Nos últimos cinco anos o Brasil viu se estabelecer um vertiginoso crescimento da produção e do consumo de um movimento denominado artes marciais mistas, popularmente conhecido como “MMA” (que em inglês significa mixed martial arts). O público consumidor do MMA integra o processo produtivo de desenvolvimento de tal prática como opção de lazer e de esporte. A produção desta nova oferta de entretenimento é composta por bens simbólicos que convertem indivíduos em consumidores, numa relação social mediada pela mídia, campanhas publicitárias e bens de consumo que vão desde suplementos alimentares, passando por componentes do vestuário masculino e feminino, chegando até mesmo a brinquedos para crianças. Com o recente crescimento do MMA no Brasil, seja por meio do interesse da população em praticar este novo esporte, seja pelo número cada vez maior de espectadores dos combates por meio da televisão, posicionamo-nos diante da oportunidade de uma pesquisa relevante: a investigação da formação e consolidação de uma categoria específica de consumidores. A presente dissertação aborda a consolidação de um novo esporte-entretenimento por meio da relação dos indivíduos com as práticas simbólicas imersas numa sociedade extremamente excitada. A dimensão do bem-estar será aqui apresentada em meio a uma lógica simbólica que potencializa a construção social da masculinidade, onde questões referentes ao corpo e às práticas masculinizantes se tornam importantes chaves para compreendermos a formação do habitus desse consumidor. Neste contexto, a configuração das práticas de consumo do MMA nos mostra uma sociedade cujo habitus favorece a busca pelo êxtase.

Les historiens portent traditionnellement un regard sur le combat féodal très tranchés... et très opposés. Pour les uns, on ne pourra jamais savoir comment on se battait à l'époque féodale (Anglo, Bonfa...) ; pour les autres, la réalité ne devait pas être si éloignée de la littérature (Flori...). Ces avis antagonistes révèlent, selon nous, le fait que le combat féodal n'a pas été analysé précisément et que les bonnes questions n'ont pas été posées, tant sur le plan de l'Histoire que de celle du sport et des arts martiaux. Ainsi, plutôt que de se demander si la littérature donne un juste reflet ou non du combat des XIIe-XIIIe siècle, il appartient plutôt de se poser la question en terme de "principes de combat", et de voir à partir de là, ce qui est juste et ce qui est exagéré. En découle une vision beaucoup plus nuancé, beaucoup plus précise et pouvant servir à une analyse sociétale plus étendue. En effet, en posant la question selon ces "principes", cela amène à comprendre comment les auteurs du temps, ainsi que les artistes pour l'image, ont réussi à transcrire le mouvement dans leurs œuvres respectives : quels outils ont-ils créé, lesquels ont été copiés, améliorés, repris... En somme, au-delà de l'aspect gestuel, c'est une histoire de la pensée qui se dessine. Cette dernière étape fondamentale permet de faire le lien avec l'époque suivante, qui voit l'apparition des traités d'armes et livres de combat, littérature sur le combat non plus fictive, mais technique. Ce domaine de la recherche a intéressé récemment quatre travaux de doctorat, dont le dernier vient tout juste d'être soutenu (septembre 2016). En somme, notre travail - en se plaçant en amont de la période des traités d'armes - indique quels outils la littérature courtoise et l'imagerie essentiellement religieuse de la période des XIIe-XIIIe siècles ont permis d'apporter à la création des premiers livres d'armes. Naturellement, ce ne sont pas les seuls apports. D'autres outils de savoir, comme la diffusion dans le milieu lettré de la scolastique ou de la pensée aristotélicienne, influe sur ces ouvrages techniques. De plus, ceux-ci apparaissent aussi suite à un contexte favorable voyant le développement des salles d'armes, la diffusion de l'escrime dans la société (en particulier dans le milieu bourgeois) et la professionnalisation de la fonction de maître d'armes/d'escrime. Mais nos travaux montrent l'influence significative de la littérature courtoise, laquelle a dû, bien avant les livres d'armes, "montrer" le geste guerrier à un public et l'a fait évoluer sur les trois siècles précédant l'apparition du genre technique. Ce dernier en garde des traces dans ces premiers exemplaires, traces qui expliquent certaines maladresses et dont il ne s'affranchit que progressivement... / Historians traditionally wear a look at the very feudal fight ... and sliced ​​very opposite. For some, we will never know how they fought in feudal times (Anglo, Bonfa ...) for others, the reality was not to be so far from the literature (Flori ...). These conflicting opinions reveal, we believe that the feudal struggle was not analyzed precisely and that the right questions were not asked, both on the history of the plan that sport and martial arts . So rather than wondering if literature gives a fair reflection or not the battle of the twelfth-thirteenth century, it belongs rather to the question in terms of "fighting principles", and see from there it is right and what is exaggerated. The result is a much more nuanced view, much more accurate and can be used for a wider societal analysis. Indeed, by asking for these "principles", that leads to understand how the authors of the time, as well as artists for the image, managed to transcribe movement in their respective works: what tools did they create, which have been copied, improved resumed ... in sum, beyond the gestural aspect, it is a history of thought that is emerging. The last crucial step allows to link with the following period, which saw the emergence of the treaties of weapons and combat books, literature on either fictitious fight, but technical. This research was interested recently four doctoral work, the latter has just been born (September 2016). In sum, our work - by standing in front of the treaty period weapons - shows which tools courtly literature and essentially religious imagery from the period of XII-XIII centuries have helped to bring to the creation of the first pounds of weapons. Naturally, these are not the only contributions. Other tools to know, like diffusion in the literate environment of scholastic or Aristotelian thought, influences these technical books. Moreover, these also appear following a favorable context seeing the development of armories, dissemination of fencing in society (especially in the bourgeois middle) and the professionalization of the weapons master function / fencing. But our work shows the significant influence of courtly literature, which had long before the books of weapons, "showing" the warrior gesture to public and has evolved over the three centuries preceding the emergence of the genre technical. This warning signs in these first examples, traces that explain some blunders and which he never freed gradually ...

Orientador: Aguinaldo Gonçalves / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T03:56:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DelVecchio_FabricioBoscolo_D.pdf: 1815432 bytes, checksum: 150bd19d1b5f49251d43816cd5def2a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Introdução: O efeito do potencial genético na atuação motora tem ganhado destaque na Educação Física e no Esporte. São conhecidas interações do êxito esportivo com indicadores biológicos de rendimento (IBR), dentre eles a razão entre o segundo e quarto dedo (R2D:4D) e as corrugações dermo-papilares dígito-palmares. Sabendo que lutadores de alto nível têm aptidão física (ApF) acima da média e configuração diferenciada das cristas epidérmicas, exploram-se relações entre componentes biológicos e da ApF. Objetivos: Buscou-se, entre praticantes de judô de elite: (1) Registrar as distribuições de variáveis dígito-palmares, a saber: R2D:4D e dermatóglifos, e compará-las aos valores de referência disponíveis; (2) Quantificar o desempenho em avaliações antropométricas, fisiológicas e motoras gerais e específicas; (3) Correlacionar indicadores biológicos de rendimento com capacidades biomotoras. Materiais e Métodos: A partir de estudo observacional transversal, 21 membros titulares e reservas das equipes masculina e feminina, que representaram o Brasil nos Jogos Olímpicos de Atenas, foram avaliados quanto a respectivos dermatóglifos, antropometria manual e ApF. Os dados são trazidos de modo tabular e gráfico, com medidas descritivas de tendência central e dispersão. O plano analítico identificase por: i) correlação canônica entre IBR e ApF, ii) análise fatorial dos IBR e, iii) regressão múltipla entre os caracteres genéticos eleitos e variáveis selecionadas da ApF. Para todos os procedimentos, o nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Assinala-se a aprovação do estudo pelos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisas com Seres Humanos da Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie (protocolo 864/2005) e da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, sob parecer n° 250/2007. Resultados: O grupo, adulto jovem, é prioritariamente descendente de brasileiros e, nos padrões digitais, portam percentual de verticilos superior a 40%. Dentre as medidas dos IBR, para homens e mulheres se constatou, respectivamente, mediana de 144 e 97 linhas para o TRC, índice de ulnaridade de 0,73 em ambos os lados neles e de 0,78 a 0,80 nelas. Para a R2D:4D, a média encontrada para os dois hemicorpos foi 0,938±0,02 no masculino e 0,975±0,02 no feminino, e, junta a outros IBR, é diferente (p<0,05) das informações de base populacional. Na ApF, eles exibem 12,45%, ao passo que elas, 18,05% de gordura corporal, a força isométrica de preensão manual foi maior que 50 kgf nos primeiros e de 40 kgf nas mulheres, VO2max de 48,28 e 47,2 ml·kg-1·min-1, no teste de Wingate para membros superiores, potência pico relativa de 6,86 W/Kg e 5 W/Kg, por fim, no Special Judo Fitness Test, índices de 12,09 e 13,03, respectivamente. Obteve-se correlação significante entre os conjuntos de IBR e ApF (r= 0,999, p<0,05). Na análise fatorial, com estruturação de três componentes se explicou quase 70% da variância dos IBR e, nos modelos de regressão múltipla, 54% do desempenho do salto vertical pôde ser estimado por IBR identificados previamente. Conclusões: Os marcadores genéticos apresentam valores diferentes dos populacionais e a ApF é semelhante a de outros competidores de elite. Na perspectiva multivariada, ambas as séries de dados se mostraram relacionadas, alguns caracteres hereditários são mais relevantes na análise discriminante e podem, nas condições estudadas, predizer a performance dos atletas. / Abstract: Introduction: The effect of genetic potential in the motor performance has gained prominence in Physical Education and Sports. Interactions of sports success with biological markers of performance (BMP) are recognized, amongst them the ratio between second-to-fourth finger (R2D:4D) and dermatoglyphics. Knowing that high level judo players have physical fitness (PF) above the mean and differentiated fingerprints, relations between BMP and PF are explored. Objectives: The aim was: (1) To registry dermatoglyphics and R2D:4D frequencies, and to compare them it the available reference values; (2) To apply physiological, general and motor specific tests and; (3) To investigate the relationship of the previous points. Materials and Methods: Started with transversal observational study, 21 regular members of male and female teams, that had represented Brazil in the Olympic Games of Athens'04, were evaluated about dermatoglyphics, hand anthropometrics and PF. The data are brought in tabular and graphical forms, with descriptive measures. The analytical plan is identified for: i) canonic correlation between BMP and PF, ii) factorial analysis of the BMP and, iii) multiple regressions between selected PF variables and identified BMP characters in step (ii). For all the procedures, the adopted significance level was 5%. This study was approved by Ethical Committees of Research with Human from Presbyterian Mackenzie University (protocol 864/2005) and State University of Campinas, under seeming nº 250/2007. Results: The group, young adult, is priority descending of Brazilians and, in the digital patterns, carries superior percentage of wheels, 40%. Amongst the measures of BMP, for men and women it evidenced, respectively, median of 144 and 97 lines for TRC, index of ulnaridade of 0,73 on both sides in male and 0,78 to 0,80 in female. For the R2D:4D, the average found for the two sides was 0,938±0,02 in the men and 0,975±0,02 in women, and, together with other BMP, is different (p<0,05) of populational reference values. In the PF, male show 12.45% of fat, and women, 18.05%, handgrip was greater that 50 kgf in the first ones and of 40 kgf in the women, VO2max of 48,28 and 47,2 ml·kg-1·min-1, in Wingate test for arm crank, relative power peak of 6,86 W/kg and 5 W/kg, and finally, in the Special Judo Fitness Test, index was 12,09 and 13,03, respectively. Significant association was gotten between BMP and PF data (r=0,999, p<0,05). In factorial analysis, with three components structure, almost 70% of the BMP variance was explained, in multiple regression models, 54% of vertical jump performance could be estimated by BMP identified previously. Conclusions: The genetic markers present different values of the population and PF are similar of other elite competitors. In the multivariated analysis, both data series (BMP and PF) had shown related, some hereditary characters are more adequate in factorial analysis and can, in these study conditions, to predict the athletes' performance. / Doutorado / Ciencia do Desporto / Doutor em Educação Física

Submitted by Anelise Milech (anelisemilech@gmail.com) on 2016-09-13T13:41:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) VICTOR SILVEIRA COSWIG.pdf: 1258754 bytes, checksum: bab8210dcf8cd4ffd481bc52a0c9e491 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-09-13T14:11:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) VICTOR SILVEIRA COSWIG.pdf: 1258754 bytes, checksum: bab8210dcf8cd4ffd481bc52a0c9e491 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-09-13T14:13:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) VICTOR SILVEIRA COSWIG.pdf: 1258754 bytes, checksum: bab8210dcf8cd4ffd481bc52a0c9e491 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-13T14:14:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) VICTOR SILVEIRA COSWIG.pdf: 1258754 bytes, checksum: bab8210dcf8cd4ffd481bc52a0c9e491 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-25 / Sem bolsa / Dentre as diferentes modalidades de combate, o Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) tem crescido rapidamente em âmbito internacional. Caracterizado por incorporar estilos de luta derivados de outras artes marciais, envolve técnicas de agarre em pé, agarre no chão, técnicas de percussão em pé e exige nível de condicionamento físico elevado. De modo frequente, a prática de modalidades esportivas de combate envolve a própria luta como método de treinamento físico e técnico e parece apresentar alta relevância, visto que é frequente o estudo de lutas simuladas em diversas modalidades de combate. Com isto, torna-se relevante o conhecimento das características destas práticas de treinamento, visto que, já foi evidenciado que lutas simuladas apresentam respostas diferenciadas de combates em eventos oficiais. Neste sentido, a relação entre esforço e pausa das lutas tem sido fortemente sugerida como método para prescrição de treinamento, o que aponta a necessidade do conhecimento destas variáveis em lutas simuladas. Adicionalmente, o conhecimento do estresse físico, orgânico e percebido dos atletas, a partir destes estímulos, se torna necessário para melhor adequação do processo de planejamento e organização. Deste modo, a redução dos fatores empíricos de prescrição pode promover maior previsibilidade das adaptações e reduzir os riscos de overtraining, já que esta realidade deve ser fortemente considerada no MMA. Assim, considerando que grande parte do entendimento acerca do MMA é advinda das modalidades que o compõem, torna-se relevante a descrição das demandas orgânicas, físicas e psicométricas originadas especificamente da simulação de lutas de MMA e as relações destes com a temporalidade das lutas, bem como a caracterização dos processos recuperativos de indicadores do dano muscular advindo desta prática. / Among the different types of fighting, Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) has grown rapidly in the international scenario. Characterized by incorporating fighting styles derived from other martial arts techniques involves standing grappling, groundwork grappling percussion techniques and require high fitness level. So often, the practice of sports of combat involves his own struggle as a method of physical and technical training and introduce high relevance, since it is often the study of simulated fights in various modes of combat. With this, it becomes relevant knowledge of the characteristics of these training practices, as has been evidenced that simulated fights have differentiated responses of fighting in official events. In this sense, the relationship between effort and pause of the fighting has been strongly suggested as a method for training prescription, what points the need of knowledge of these variables in simulated fights. Additionally, the knowledge of physical stress, organic and noticed the athletes, from these stimuli, it is necessary to better matching of the planning process and organization. Thus, the reduction of empirical factors of prescription can promote greater predictability of adaptations and reduce risks of overtraining, as this reality should be strongly considered in MMA. Thus, whereas much of the understanding of MMA is from the modalities comprising it, becomes relevant to description of organic, physical demands and psychometric originated specifically MMA fights simulation and the relationships of these with the temporality of the fights, as well as the characterization of the recovery processes of muscle damage indicators from this practice.

Scholarly research has analyzed how female athletes use their social media platforms and how they are represented in news media coverage. However, no scholarly literature has specifically looked at Ronda Rousey, an American mixed martial artist. The current study used a quantitative content analysis to examine how Rousey has utilized her Twitter account as well as how local and national newspapers in the United States framed coverage of Rousey between 2014 to 2016. For the tweets, content, referring to pictures that Rousey posted, was the most popular category; the second most prevalent category was promotional, referring to tweets that promoted upcoming events or sponsorships. Rousey mainly used her Twitter to post pictures of herself and promote her personal brand. For the newspaper articles, the most frequently used frames were agency, powerless, and goals and ambitions. Two new frames emerged from the current study – fame, referring to Rousey’s film career, and relations, referring to Rousey’s personal life and relationships. The newspapers were predominantly neutral in their coverage of Rousey throughout the three-year study period. This case study is important because it found that Rousey was framed in a way that differed from previous research. The findings in this study demonstrate that Rousey was not marginalized in newspaper coverage or portrayed in a negative manner, as other female athletes have been in the past. Rather than focusing on her appearance or sexuality, the news coverage highlighted Rousey’s success and athletic achievements.

This study is an analysis of the process of creating subtitles for the National Geographic documentary Fight Science: Mixed Martial Arts. The difficulties encountered during this project have included the translation of subject-specific terminology, the handling of source-text mistakes and the process of deciding how to condense the spoken dialogue when writing the subtitles. By studying these issues, certain conclusion can be drawn about the difficulties encountered when creating subtitles and translating texts with subject-specific terminology. The study is primarily based on the theories of Runo Ingo (2007), Vinay &amp; Darbelnet (1977) and Chesterman &amp; Wagner (2002). To find appropriate translations for subject-specific terminology, it is important to understand which translation device should be used (for example a loan or literal translation) through the examination of parallel texts and it is important that the translator be familiar with this terminology. How to properly handle mistakes in the source material depends greatly on the situation, the text concerned and the translator’s judgment. Decisions about which information can be omitted can be based on the information’s importance to the overall understanding of the show or the implicit nature of the information. The science of translation can be considered vague, but there exist theories and principles to aid translators when making such touch decisions as those encountered during this project.