Submitted by Hellen Luz (hellencrisluz@gmail.com) on 2017-08-02T18:05:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_DiscriminacaoEspeciesPeixes.pdf: 1850111 bytes, checksum: f9f85f1c66300e60fbd187c469db81b6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Irvana Coutinho (irvana@ufpa.br) on 2017-08-04T16:47:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_DiscriminacaoEspeciesPeixes.pdf: 1850111 bytes, checksum: f9f85f1c66300e60fbd187c469db81b6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-04T16:47:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_DiscriminacaoEspeciesPeixes.pdf: 1850111 bytes, checksum: f9f85f1c66300e60fbd187c469db81b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A espectroscopia vibracional no infravermelho próximo (NIR) tem muitas aplicações na indústria, particularmente no controle da qualidade, discriminação e determinação da composição química em diversos alimentos, devido à rapidez e facilidade de aplicações em análises de rotina em relação aos métodos físicos e químicos tradicionais. Este trabalho tem como objetivo utilizar esta técnica para discriminar espécies de peixes oriundos da costa amazônica (Genyatremus luteus, Lutjanus purpureus, Macrodon ancylodon, Cynoscion acoupa, Micropogonias furnieri) e predizer componentes majoritários (teor de água, lipídios e proteínas). Foi utilizado um espectrômetro portátil de baixa resolução (1600-2400 nm) para obtenção de medidas espectrais em amostras (filés) intactas, trituradas e liofilizadas. Os espectros foram pré-processados através de derivadas utilizando-se o algoritmo de Savitzky-Golay para suavização de ruídos espectrais, tanto para o emprego dos modelos de predição como para os de discriminação. Os modelos de PCA e SIMCA foram aplicados para a discriminação de espécies, enquanto que PCR e PLS foram utilizados na predição dos componentes. Utilizando PCA observou-se a formação de grupos referentes às espécies de G. luteus e L. purpureus em amostras intactas e liofilizadas, e quando se aplicou o SIMCA, observou-se a formação de grupos referente às cinco espécies, confirmados através da distancia entre os grupos na faixa de 4,16 a 13,31 e 2,90 a 57,05 para amostras intactas e liofilizadas, respectivamente. O modelo de regressão PLS apresentou uma pequena variação positiva para os valores r2 e R2, sendo que as amostras liofilizadas apresentaram melhores resultados para os três parâmetros estudados: umidade (r2: 0,58, RMSEPcv: 1,11 e RDP: 1,40), lipídios (r2: 0,96, RMSEPcv: 1,09 e RDP: 4,82), e proteína bruta (r2: 0,86, RMSEPcv: 1,96 e RDP: 2,60). Foi obtida uma boa correlação entre os dados obtidos por métodos AOAC e aqueles preditos pela regressão PLS. / Vibrational spectroscopy in the near infrared (NIR) has many applications in industry, particularly in quality control, discrimination and determination of the chemical composition of different foods because of the speed and ease of application in routine analysis when compared to traditional physical and chemical methods. This work aims to use this technique to discriminate five fish species from the Amazonian coast (Genyatremus luteus , Lutjanus purpureus , Macrodon ancylodon , Cynoscion acoupa, Micropogonias furnieri) and predict major components (water content, lipids and proteins). A portable low-resolution spectrometer (1600-2400 nm) was used for obtaining spectral measures of fish samples (intact, crushed and lyophilized muscle tissue). The spectra were preprocessed by means of derivatives using the Savitzky-Golay algorithm for smoothing of spectral noises, when constructing both prediction and discrimination models. The PCA and SIMCA models were applied for species discrimination, while PCR and PLS were used in the prediction of the major components. Using PCA, it was observed the formation of well-defined groups of the species G. luteus and L. purpureus in intact and lyophilized samples. With SIMCA, it was observed the formation of groups of the five species, which were confirmed by the distance between groups in the range from 4.16 to 13.31 and 2.90 to 57.05 for intact and lyophilized samples, respectively. The PLS regression model showed a small positive variation values for r2 and R2 , and the lyophilized samples showed better results for the three studied parameters: water content ( r2: 0.58 , RMSEPcv: 1.11 and RDP: 1.40 ), lipids (r2 : 0.96 , RMSEPcv : RDP 1.09 and 4.82 ), and crude protein (r2: 0.86 , RMSEPcv : RDP and 1.96 : 2.60). A good correlation between proximate composition data and those predicted by PLS regression was obtained.

Mat-forming ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi represent a prevalent constituent of many temperate forest ecosystems and create dramatic changes in soil structure and chemistry. EcM mat soil have been shown to have increased microbial respiration rates and have been hypothesized to harbor unique assemblages of fungi and bacteria. The objectives of this dissertation were to characterize and examine the fungal and bacterial communities associated with EcM mats in old-growth forests of the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest located in the Oregon Cascades. Additionally, this work assessed the application of traditional, emerging, and novel molecular sampling techniques for determining microbial communities of environmental samples. This research investigated the microbial communities associated with two common EcM mat genera found in old-growth Douglas fir stands in the Pacific Northwest; Piloderma (Atheliales, Basidiomycota) and Ramaria (Gomphales, Basidiomycota). Soil samples were collected from Piloderma and Ramaria mats and surrounding non- mat soil for molecular analysis of nucleic acids. First, a comparative study was conducted to determine the most appropriate rDNA molecular sampling technique for microbial community characterization. Two next-generation sequencing methods, Roche 454 pyrosequencing and Illumina-based environmental sequencing, the latter developed by the author, were compared to a more traditional sequencing approach, i.e., Sanger sequencing of clone libraries. These findings informed the subsequent sampling of the fungal ITS and bacterial 16S rDNA fragment with 454 pyrosequencing to determine the microbial communities within mat and non-mat soils. Second, this work utilized a pyrosequencing approach to explore fungal community structure in EcM mat and non-mat soils. This work concluded that differences in microbial communities do exist between Piloderma mat, Ramaria mat, and non-mat soils, but the differences are largely quantitative with relatively few distinct taxonomic shifts in microbial constituents. Piloderma, Ramaria and Russula, in addition to being the dominant taxa found on mycorrhizal root tips, were found to be the most abundant taxa in bulk soils within their respective mat types or non-mat sample. The background fungal communities within the EcM mats in this study exhibited considerable taxonomic overlap with the exception of Piloderma vs. non-mat comparisons; Russula species dominated nonmat soils but tended to be excluded or significantly underrepresented in Piloderma mats. Lastly, this study explored the bacterial communities associated with Piloderma and Ramaria mats using lower- coverage 454-Jr pyrosequencing. Bacterial communities exhibited significant structure as a function of mat-type, soil horizon and pH, but this finding should be interpreted with respect to the nonrandom distribution of Piloderma-mats in the O- horizon and the Ramaria-mats in the A-horizon, and the tendancy for EcM mats to be more acidic than surrounding soils. Nonetheless, the total microbial (bacterial and fungal) community was typically dominated by the mat-forming taxa, or Russula, in the case of non-mat soils. While the presence of Piloderma mats did enrich or restrict some bacterial groups, soil pH was also found to be a significant driver of bacterial richness and taxonomic diversity. Fungal and bacterial richness were also found to be positively related to one another, regardless of soil horizon or EcM mat type. This work, taken together, contributes to the understanding of hyperdiversity and heterogeneity of microbial communities of temperate forest soils and highlights the potential for fungal and bacterial communities to be influenced by the presence of EcM mats. / Graduation date: 2012

The Caveat For many reasons, names have had to be concealed within this document. The events depicted are real and the discussions true. This is an attempt to legitimize the informal, seemingly mundane and sometimes personal: the author’s experiences bringing a folly to the physical, while trespassing into a new world: Islam. This thesis documents a series of interventions at different scales within that world. There is a book, the chair, and the city of Makkah. The events themselves are superimposed onto the traditional language, or professional conventions, used to justify them. Here, they are relegated to the margins of each page. This is akin to how some of the first books were produced, by students in the confines of dark cloisters or hot desert temples, struggling to maintain historical integrity while fighting the natural tendencies of youth. Their master’s voices always looking over the gutter from the opposite page. The sketches for a new Makkah and a monumental demonstration in Canada unfold in parallel to a body of formal research. Together, as seemingly independently as they are, they paint the portrait of an Islam, while building a personality between the lines. That being said: there isn’t a correct way to read it.

The Caveat For many reasons, names have had to be concealed within this document. The events depicted are real and the discussions true. This is an attempt to legitimize the informal, seemingly mundane and sometimes personal: the author’s experiences bringing a folly to the physical, while trespassing into a new world: Islam. This thesis documents a series of interventions at different scales within that world. There is a book, the chair, and the city of Makkah. The events themselves are superimposed onto the traditional language, or professional conventions, used to justify them. Here, they are relegated to the margins of each page. This is akin to how some of the first books were produced, by students in the confines of dark cloisters or hot desert temples, struggling to maintain historical integrity while fighting the natural tendencies of youth. Their master’s voices always looking over the gutter from the opposite page. The sketches for a new Makkah and a monumental demonstration in Canada unfold in parallel to a body of formal research. Together, as seemingly independently as they are, they paint the portrait of an Islam, while building a personality between the lines. That being said: there isn’t a correct way to read it.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:15:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RoseCS.pdf: 2067725 bytes, checksum: e198ed9a88482d8df2676d67728edee7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The recent observational advances of Astronomy and a more consistent theoretical framework turned Cosmology in one of the most exciting frontiers of contemporary science. In this thesis, homogeneous and inhomogeneous Universe models containing dark matter and different kinds of dark energy are confronted with recent observational data. Initially, we analyze constraints from the existence of old high redshift objects, Supernovas type Ia and the gas mass fraction of galaxy clusters for 2 distinct classes of homogeneous and isotropic models: decaying vacuum and X(z)CDM cosmologies. By considering the quasar APM 08279+5255 at z = 3.91 with age between 2-3 Gyr, we obtain 0,2 < OM < 0,4 while for the j3 parameter which quantifies the contribution of A( t) is restricted to the intervalO, 07 < j3 < 0,32 thereby implying that the minimal age of the Universe amounts to 13.4 Gyr. A lower limit to the quasar formation redshift (zJ > 5,11) was also obtained. Our analyzes including flat, closed and hyperbolic models show that there is no an age crisis for this kind of decaying A( t) scenario. Tests from SN e Ia and gas mass fraction data were realized for flat X(z)CDM models. For an equation of state, ?J(z) = ?Jo + ?JIZ, the best fit is ?Jo = -1,25, ?Jl = 1,3 and OM = 0,26, whereas for models with ?J(z) = ?Jo+?Jlz/(l+z), we obtain?Jo = -1,4, ?Jl = 2,57 and OM = 0,26. In another line of development, we have discussed the influence of the observed inhomogeneities by considering the Zeldovich-Kantowski-DyerRoeder (ZKDR) angular diameter distance. By applying the statistical X2 method to a sample of angular diameter for compact radio sources, the best fit to the cosmological parameters for XCDM models are OM = O, 26,?J = -1,03 and a = 0,9, where ?J and a are the equation of state and the smoothness parameters, respectively. Such results are compatible with a phantom energy component (?J < -1). The possible bidimensional spaces associated to the plane (a , OM) were restricted by using data from SNe Ia and gas mass fraction of galaxy clusters. For Supernovas the parameters are restricted to the interval 0,32 < OM < 0,5(20") and 0,32 < a < 1,0(20"), while to the gas mass fraction we find 0,18 < OM < 0,32(20") with alI alIowed values of a. For a joint analysis involving Supernovas and gas mass fraction data we obtained 0,18 < OM < 0,38(20"). In general grounds, the present study suggests that the influence of the cosmological inhomogeneities in the matter distribution need to be considered with more detail in the analyses of the observational tests. Further, the analytical treatment based on the ZKDR distance may give non-negligible corrections to the so-calIed background tests of FRW type cosmologies / Os recentes avan?os observacionais da Astronomia e um arcabou?o te?rico cada vez mais consistente, transformaram a Cosmologia numa das mais excitantes ?reas da ci?ncia contempor?nea. Nesta tese, modelos homog?neos e inomog?neos contendo mat?ria escura e diferentes tipos de energia escura s?o confrontados com dados observacionais recentes. Inicialmente, analisamos os v?nculos oriundos da exist?ncia de objetos velhos em altos redshifts, Supernovas do tipo Ia e fra??o de massa do g?s em aglomerados de gal?xias para 2 classes distintas de modelos homog?neos: decaimento do v?cuo e X(z)CDM. Considerando o quasar APM 08279 + 5255, em z = 3, 91 e idade entre 2 - 3 bilh?es de anos, obtemos 0,2 < &#937;M < 0,4 enquanto o par?metro (3, quantificando a contribui??o de A(t), est? restrito ao intervalo 0,07 < &#946; < 0,32; implicando numa idade m?nima para o universo de 13,4 bilh?es de anos. Um limite inferior para o redshift de forma??o do quasar (zf > 5,11) foi tamb?m obtido. Nossas an?lises, incluindo modelos planos, fechados e hiperb?licos, mostram que n?o existe uma crise de idade para esses cen?rios com A(t). Os testes com dados de SNe Ia e fra??o de massa do g?s foram realizados com modelos do tipo X(z)CDM plano. Para uma equa??o de estado, w(z) = Wo+WIZ, obtemos como melhor ajuste Wo = -1,25, WI = 1,3 e &#937;M = 0,26, enquanto nos models com w(z) = wo+wlz/(l+z), o melhor ajuste ? Wo = -1,4, WI = 2,57 e OM = 0,26. Em outra linha de desenvolvimento, discutimos as influ?ncias das inomogeneidades observadas considerando a dist?ncia de di?metro angular proposta por Zeldovich-Kantowski-Dyer-Roeder (ZKDR). Aplicando o m?todo estat?stico X2 para uma amostra de dados de di?metros angulares de fontes de r?dio compactas, o melhor ajuste para os par?metros cosmol?gicos nos modelos XCDM foram 11M = 0,26, ?) = -1,03 e a = 0,9, onde ?) e a s?o os par?metros da equa??o de estado e de aglomeramento, respectivamente. Esses resultados s?o compat?veis com uma componente do tipo energia fantasma (phantom energy, ?) < -1). Os poss?veis espa?os bidimensionais associados ao plano (a , 11M) foram tamb?m restritos utilizando dados de SN e Ia e fra??o de massa do g?s em aglomerados de gal?xias. No teste de Supernovas os par?metros de interesse est?o restritos aos intervalos 0,32 < 11M < 0,5(20') e 0,32 < a < 1,0(20'), enquanto para fra??o de massa do g?s temos 0,18 < 11M < 0,32(20') e todos os valores de a s?o permitidos. Na an?lise conjunta envolvendo supernovas e fra??o de massa do g?s foi obtido 0,18 < 11M < 0,38(20'). Em linhas gerais, o presente estudo sugere que a influ?ncia das inomogeneidades cosmol?gicas na distribui??o de mat?ria precisam ser consideradas com mais detalhe ao se analisar os testes cosmol?gicos. Al?m disso, o tratamento anal?tico baseado na dist?ncia ZKDR pode fornecer corre??es importantes para os chamados testes de background em cosmologias do tipo FRW

Em face ao bom desempenho da agricultura brasileira, cresce tamb&eacute;m a responsabilidade por uma produ&ccedil;&atilde;o sustent&aacute;vel. Particularmente, o sistema produtivo da cana-de-a&ccedil;&uacute;car vem se adaptando a uma produ&ccedil;&atilde;o sem queima, e busca formas alternativas de manejo dos res&iacute;duos da produ&ccedil;&atilde;o que sejam sustent&aacute;veis tanto economicamente, quanto ambientalmente. Neste trabalho apresentamos resultados dos tratamentos de solo agricultur&aacute;vel com res&iacute;duos de i) cinzas de baga&ccedil;o de cana aplicado em cobertura e ii) torta de filtro na entrelinha da cultura, em diferentes doses. Avaliamos o impacto desses tratamentos no conte&uacute;do de carbono e na mat&eacute;ria org&acirc;nica do solo. Para determinar se os tratamentos podem ser considerados sequestradores de carbono e ambientalmente sustent&aacute;veis nos detemos na preserva&ccedil;&atilde;o seletiva como mecanismo de reten&ccedil;&atilde;o da mat&eacute;ria org&acirc;nica do solo, a qual leva a acumula&ccedil;&atilde;o de componentes org&acirc;nicos qu&iacute;micos mais recalcitrantes. Utilizamos as t&eacute;cnicas espectrosc&oacute;picas de fluoresc&ecirc;ncia de luz UV-Vis&iacute;vel, espectroscopia de fluoresc&ecirc;ncia matriz excita&ccedil;&atilde;o-emiss&atilde;o para avaliar a fra&ccedil;&atilde;o de &aacute;cido h&uacute;mico do solo e o aumento da recalcitr&acirc;ncia qu&iacute;mica, a fluoresc&ecirc;ncia induzida por laser (FIL) para observar a mat&eacute;ria org&acirc;nica como um todo e a espectroscopia de emiss&atilde;o &oacute;tica com plasma induzido por laser (LIBS) utilizada como uma nova ferramenta para avaliar o conte&uacute;do de carbono do solo. No tratamento de solo com adi&ccedil;&atilde;o de cinza de baga&ccedil;o de cana tivemos potencial de estoque de carbono na dose 40 t/ha. Quanto a torta de filtro, o carbono total do solo aumenta menos significativamente que na cinza, mas n&atilde;o houve potencial de estoque de carbono. Na fra&ccedil;&atilde;o &aacute;cido h&uacute;mico n&atilde;o observamos modifica&ccedil;&atilde;o do grau de humifica&ccedil;&atilde;o do solo com os tratamentos, mesmo a torta sendo um produto rico em mat&eacute;ria org&acirc;nica, por&eacute;m houve um aumento de grupos carbon&iacute;licos, que est&atilde;o associados ao aumento das intera&ccedil;&otilde;es intermoleculares favorecendo por exemplo a complexa&ccedil;&atilde;o do &aacute;cido h&uacute;mico com metais. Nossos resultados de fluoresc&ecirc;ncia induzida por laser apontam que a cinza possivelmente ofereceu melhora nas condi&ccedil;&otilde;es de crescimento da cultura havendo aumento de grupos alif&aacute;ticos na MOS. Conclu&iacute;mos portanto, que n&atilde;o houve impacto negativo para o estoque de carbono no solo e qualidade da mat&eacute;ria sob tratamento de adi&ccedil;&atilde;o de cinza de baga&ccedil;o de cana e torta de filtro. / Given the good performance of Brazilian agriculture, grows the responsibility for sustainable production. Particularly, the sugarcane production system has been adapting to a production without burning, and seeks alternative forms of waste management in production that are both economically and environmentally sustainable. We present results of arable soil treatments with i) sugarcane bagasse ash applied in coverage soil and ii) filter cake applied between the lines of culture in different doses. We assess the impact of these treatments on the content and quality of soil organic matter and carbon sequestration capacity. To determine if treatments can be considered environmentally sustainable and carbon sequestration we embrace the selective preservation as a retention mechanism of soil organic matter, which leads to accumulation of chemical organic compounds recalcitrant. We use bidimensional fluorescence UV-Visible spectroscopy and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix to assess the fraction of soil humic acid, the laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIF) for observing the whole organic matter and laser breakdown induced spectroscopy (LIBS) used as a new tool to assess the soil carbon content. The soil treatment with sugarcane bagasse ash had increased carbon stock in dose 40 t / ha. In humic acid fraction did not observe any change in the degree of humification treatment with AML, but there was an increase of carbonyl groups, which are associated with increased intermolecular interactions and enhancing the complexation of metals with humic acid. Our results suggest a possible improvement in crop growth conditions with an increase of aliphatic groups in MOS. The filter cake is no carbon content recorded, also did not observe any impact on soil organic matter with the incorporation of filter cake although this is a product rich in organic matter. In this context, we conclude that there was no negative impact on the carbon stock and quality of soil organic matter under treatment addition of sugarcane bagasse ash and filter cake.

In my work, I dealt with the development of building technology project for multi-functional building in Olomouc Tabulový Vrch. The goal is to select and develop appropriate design of the building in terms of financial, time and technical requirements based on the technical documentation provided by the designer. Building technology project includes a study of implementation of main technological stages, object, time and financial plan, drawings site equipment, site equipment technical report, technical regulations, inspection and test plan, financial budget for the construction of the technological steps, the schedule, the draft report and not machine prescription number for safety in the implementation of reinforced concrete monolithic skeleton including security risks.

Every day, billions of mobile network log data (commonly defined as Call Detailed Records, or CDRs) are generated by cell phones operators. These data provide inspiring insights about human actions and behaviors, which are essentials in the development of context aware appli- cations and services. This potential demand has fostered major research activities in a variety of domains such as social and economic development, urban planning, and health prevention. The major challenge of this thesis is to interpret CDR for human activity recognition, in the light of background knowledge of the CDR data context. Indeed each entry of the CDR is as- sociated with a context, which describes the temporal and spatial location of the user when a particular network data has been generated by his/her mobile devices. Knowing, by leveraging available Web 2.0 data sources, (e.g., Openstreetmap) this research thesis proposes to develop a novel model from combination of logical and statistical reasoning standpoints for enabling human activity inference in qualitative terms. The results aimed at compiling human behavior predictions into sets of classification tasks in the CDRs. Our research results show that Point of Interest (POI)s are a good proxy for predicting the content of human activities in an area. So the model is proven to be effective for predicting the context of human activity, when its total level could be efficiently observed from cell phone data records.

No description available.

Terracotta vessels are about understanding how we can store food by using a new product solution and how we could use less energy and waste less food in doing so. This project is an attempt to minimise the energy usage in our homes but also to gain greater understanding about the food we choose to bring into our homes and what we can do to avoid throwing it away.