<p><p>The aim of this thesis is to investigate how some Proshika-teachers describe their mathematic teaching. Proshika is a non government organisation in Bangladesh. One of Proshika’s areas is to provide school attendance for children of poor households on the countryside. We chose to do a qualitative study, and interviewed teachers at six different Proshika-schools. We also made five observations in order to formulate relevant interview questions.</p><p>The result from the interviews shows that the teaching looks similar in the schools. The mathematic book has a dominating position in the teaching. The students calculate the same task at the same time and they calculate every task in the book. Group work exists and concrete materials are used as equipment in the teaching. To get better conditions in the teaching, the respondents want further education and cooperate with other teachers to improve their knowledge about different work methods and to develop their teaching. They also want more materials and breaks during the school day. Some of the teachers can think of having longer school days. Later in the thesis we reflect on how it is to collect data in another culture, how the researcher affects the result and how our theoretical framework can be relevant in this study.</p></p>

The aim of this thesis is to investigate how some Proshika-teachers describe their mathematic teaching. Proshika is a non government organisation in Bangladesh. One of Proshika’s areas is to provide school attendance for children of poor households on the countryside. We chose to do a qualitative study, and interviewed teachers at six different Proshika-schools. We also made five observations in order to formulate relevant interview questions. The result from the interviews shows that the teaching looks similar in the schools. The mathematic book has a dominating position in the teaching. The students calculate the same task at the same time and they calculate every task in the book. Group work exists and concrete materials are used as equipment in the teaching. To get better conditions in the teaching, the respondents want further education and cooperate with other teachers to improve their knowledge about different work methods and to develop their teaching. They also want more materials and breaks during the school day. Some of the teachers can think of having longer school days. Later in the thesis we reflect on how it is to collect data in another culture, how the researcher affects the result and how our theoretical framework can be relevant in this study.

Submitted by Maíra Lopes Toledo null (mazinha_999@hotmail.com) on 2018-03-08T15:49:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Maíra atualizada.pdf: 2465527 bytes, checksum: d7b0862b59bce2568933fbcb4d192628 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Marlene Zaniboni null (zaniboni@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-03-08T19:51:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 toledo_ml_me_bauru.pdf: 2465527 bytes, checksum: d7b0862b59bce2568933fbcb4d192628 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-08T19:51:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 toledo_ml_me_bauru.pdf: 2465527 bytes, checksum: d7b0862b59bce2568933fbcb4d192628 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2108-02-23 / O objetivo desta dissertação é apresentar a Geometria do Taxi e a Geometria Esférica, que fazem parte da Geometria Não-Euclidiana, para alunos que cursam o Ensino Fundamental. O tema será tratado nessa dissertação de forma teórica, usando definição de distância na Geometria euclidiana, na Geometria do Taxi e distância na Geometria Esférica. A partir destas definições apresentaremos conceitos como círculos e triângulos, os quais estão presentes na Geometria Euclidiana, irão compará-los na Geometrias do Taxi e Esférica. A metodologia do trabalho constituirá na indução do aluno ao questionamento dos postulados de Euclides, com enfoque no Quinto Postulado, sobre as paralelas, através de atividades em sala de aula que exijam os conceitos aprendidos nas Geometrias do Taxi e Esférica. Os resultados mostraram que os alunos associaram de maneira positiva os conceitos matemáticos ensinados em sala de aula com sua realidade social, tornando o ensino de Matemática mais dinâmico e atrativo. / This thesis aims is to present the theories: Taxicab Geometry and Spherical Geometry, which are part of non-Euclidean Geometry, a mathematical concept, taught for elementary school students of the Elementary School. The content of this dissertation will be explained theoretically using the definition of distances Euclidean Geometry, in the Taxi Geometry and the Spherical Geometry. This study will introduce fundamental academic concepts with are part of Euclidean Geometry, as circles and triangles, and compare with Taxicab Geometry and Spherical Geometry. The methodology is composed to induce the students to ask questions about the “Postulates of Euclides”, specially the fifth one, about parallels through classroom activities that require concepts of Taxicab Geometry and Spherical Geometry. The results have been shown that the students associate very well mathematical concepts with their social reality, and that the Mathematic teaching have became more dynamic and attractive for those students.

Syftet med denna studie var att få vetskap om hur lärare använder sig av Favorit matematik i undervisningen för att främja elevernas kunskaper i de fem förmågorna. Syftet var även att få en uppfattning om hur läraren förhåller sig till undervisningen om läromedlet inte räcker till. Vi valde att utföra kvalitativa intervjuer via zoom med F-3 lärare. Urvalet består av sex erfarna lärare som har arbetet med matematikundervisning i lågstadiet i minst 4 år. I vårt resultat framkommer det att lärarna använder sig av läromedlet i stor utsträckning men att de behöver komplettera detta med övningar och extra material. / The purpose of this study was to gain knowledge about how teachers use Favorite Mathematics in teaching to promote students' knowledge of the five abilities. The purpose was also to get an idea of how the teacher relates to the teaching if the teaching aid is not enough. We chose to conduct qualitative interviews via zoom with F-3 teachers. The sample consists of six experienced teachers who have worked with mathematic teaching in primary school for at least 4 years. In our result, it appears that the teachers use the teaching aid to a large extent, but that they need to supplement this with exercises and extra material.

This research focuses on verifying the real possibilities of contextualization in the teaching of Mathematics, starting from the Parametros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN) and introducing it in the school life by means of the educators convictions and didactic material. The PCN have marked the positioning of MEC (Ministry of Education) contrary to the methodology of traditional teaching, which in the teaching field of mathematics represented a victory of the pedagogic chains constituted under the critique to the teaching of modern mathematics. The term used to unify the different chains was Contextualization . Thus, the contextualized teaching would be based on the day to day life and previous knowledge of students and also problem solving approaching transversal themes, history or mathematics usage. However, after interviewing teachers from private educational institutions in Maceio, Brazil, and also by analyzing the didactic books utilized by these institutions, we may observe that this resource appraised by official documents will be implemented. Teachers and Authors of didactic material identify the characteristics of teaching proposed by the PCN. Nevertheless, even authors of didactic books who are more inclined to the official pedagogical thinking have their difficulties with answering to the proposals; alerting that not all subjects may be contextualized. / O presente trabalho busca verificar as reais possibilidades da Contextualização no ensino de Matemática, partindo dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN) e inserindo-se na vida escolar por meio das convicções dos educadores e livros didáticos. Os PCN marcaram o posicionamento do Ministério da Educação contrário à metodologia do ensino tradicional, que no ensino de Matemática representou a vitória das correntes pedagógicas constituídas sobre as críticas ao ensino da Matemática Moderna. O termo utilizado para unificar as diferentes correntes foi a Contextualização. Assim, o ensino contextualizado seria baseado no cotidiano e nos conhecimentos prévios dos estudantes e por meio da resolução de problemas abordaria os temas transversais, a história ou aplicações da Matemática. Mas, entrevistando professores da rede particular de ensino de Maceió e analisando os livros didáticos utilizados por estes observa-se que dificilmente este recurso preconizado pelos documentos oficiais conseguirá ser implantado. Professores e autores dos livros didáticos identificam as características do ensino proposto pelos PCN. Entretanto, mesmo os autores de livros didáticos mais alinhados com o pensamento pedagógico oficial têm dificuldades em corresponder às propostas, tal como os educadores alertam de que nem todos os conteúdos podem ser contextualizados.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:39:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2758.pdf: 788796 bytes, checksum: b37c670011f1754138d1866258946548 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-15 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / Taking the profession difficulties of teachers in general and challenges of teaching practices, there is always a need for continuous training. Considering that need, this research has studied the practices which were developed by those professionals of the group for continuing education of mathematics teachers in starting years of elementary school . In addition, the goal of this research is also understand the professional skills that were learnt from those practices and also the influence of public policies on that process. The actions of this research were guided by the following questions: How does a teacher group from a public school in São Paulo state develop themselves through a process of thinking, study and analysis of their practices of teaching and learning mathematic during starting years of elementary school? What are the influences of public policies, problems and internal difficulties of schools in that process? The research methodology adopted for answering those questions was a study case, developed within a qualitative approach It using the following tools for taking relevant data for the research: participant observation, asking, narrative and semi-structured interview during the working time. Taking a process of multiple readings, organization and understanding the meaning of data it was possible to built two emerging analysis categories: 1. Practices of teacher education and 2. Influences public policy. The theoretical study covering two main areas: the continuing teachers training and professional development. Authors such as Freire (1979, 1986, 1994 and 1996), Nóvoa (1992), Charlot (2000; 2005), Nacarato (2000; 2003; 2005), Fiorentini and Nacarato (2005), Bozzini and Oliveira (2006) and Imbernón (2006, 2009) we tried to understand the continuing education focused on school, from the mobilization their professionals, based on group reflection, in the reorganization of the HTPC and in research perspective with teachers. By the way, Mizukami (1996), Ponte (1998), Passos et al. (2006), Gama (2007) and Hargreaves et al. (2002) helped us with discussions of professional development. The results indicate that when there is the existence of a favorable environment, like the one examined by this research facilitates the process of continuing education, enhances professional development and contribute to teachers training needs. The main characteristics of this favorable environment are the mobilization of school professionals in meeting the challenges and domestic needs, the support of school management in the development of training practices and the presence of the external agent during the meetings of the study group at school, to share knowledge, experiences and to promote collective reflection on teaching practices of mathematics in the early grades of elementary school. / Diante da complexidade da profissão docente e dos desafios de suas práticas, surge a necessidade constante de formação. Considerando tal necessidade, a presente pesquisa investigou as práticas desenvolvidas pelo grupo de profissionais de uma escola pública estadual paulista para potencializar espaços coletivos que promovam a formação continuada de seus professores sobre o ensino da Matemática nas séries iniciais, bem como o desenvolvimento profissional decorrente dessas práticas e as influências das políticas públicas nesse processo. As ações da pesquisa foram orientadas pelas questões: Como um grupo de professores da rede pública estadual paulista se constitui e se desenvolve profissionalmente mediante um processo de reflexão, estudo e análise de suas práticas de ensinar e aprender matemática nas séries iniciais do ensino fundamental? Quais são as influências das políticas públicas, dos problemas e dos desafios internos à escola nesse processo? A metodologia de investigação adotada na busca de respostas foi o estudo de caso, desenvolvido a partir da abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa. Para a construção dos dados foram utilizados os instrumentos: observação participante, questionário, narrativa e entrevista semi-estruturada durante a realização do trabalho de campo. Mediante um processo de múltiplas leituras, organização e atribuição de significados aos dados foi possível constituir duas categorias emergentes de análise: 1. Práticas de formação docente e 2. Influências das políticas públicas. O referencial teórico desta pesquisa compreende dois grandes temas: a formação continuada de professores e o desenvolvimento profissional. Autores como Freire (1979; 1986; 1994 e 1996), Nóvoa (1992), Charlot (2000; 2005), Nacarato (2000; 2003), Fiorentini e Nacarato (2005); Bozzini e Oliveira (2006) e Imbernón (2006; 2009) auxiliaram o entendimento da formação continuada centrada na escola, a partir da mobilização de seus profissionais, apoiada na reflexão em grupo, na reorganização dos espaços da HTPC e na perspectiva de pesquisa com os professores. Por sua vez, Mizukami (1996), Ponte (1998), Passos et al. (2006), Gama (2007) e Hargreaves et al. (2002) fundamentaram as discussões sobre o desenvolvimento profissional. Os resultados indicam que quando há a existência de um ambiente favorável na escola, como aquele que foi analisado por esta pesquisa, facilita o processo de formação continuada, potencializa o desenvolvimento profissional e contribui para o atendimento local das necessidades de formação dos professores. As principais características desse ambiente favorável são a mobilização dos profissionais da escola no enfrentamento dos desafios e necessidades internas, o apoio da gestão escolar no desenvolvimento das práticas de formação e a presença do agente externo nas reuniões do grupo de estudos na escola para compartilhar saberes, experiências profissionais e promover a reflexão coletiva sobre as práticas docentes em relação ao ensino de Matemática nas séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:04:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BeneditoFM_DISSERT.pdf: 1886939 bytes, checksum: 7257281dcb72705d85ca314d9330931e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-25 / In this work we are disagreeing with the possibility of production and of the use of video-class for the disciplines of history of mathematics by the teachers of elementary e middle school as a way to contribute to the development of their classes. Our goal is to provide to the mathematics teachers the option of connecting social, scientific, cognitive, and didactic aspects of topics in math thoughts to their students. That shall be based in the presence of mathematics in the history of humanity. Thus, we consider possible that teachers and their students can link and relate mathematics to other sciences, education culture, and reflect about the many ways of represent them, as well as the patters of organization of nature and of culture. In this way, they shall be able to observe and interpret situations that involve mathematical questions associated to the various means of historic-epistemological studies already done by other researchers and scholars in the field of history of mathematics who works in creating video-classes. In addition to that, we can use all the available media in order to give edifying dynamics to the mathematical formulations established throughout history. In this sense, we are based and focused on the objectives, which are sustained by educational computer technology, techniques for video making, as well as mathematical teaching proposals and the historical inquiring made by Mendes (2001, 2009a, 2009b). The validating experimentation allowed us to conclude that the techniques we used in the production of the history of mathematics video-classes proved they to be valid ones. They are able to be executed with the minimum of technological resources. In addition, they have the same efficacy as far as classroom use / Neste trabalho, discorremos sobre a possibilidade da produ??o e do uso de v?deo-aulas de hist?ria da matem?tica por professores do ensino Fundamental e M?dio como forma de contribuir para o desenvolvimento de suas aulas. Nosso objetivo ? dar a esses professores de matem?tica uma op??o de conectarem os aspectos sociais, cient?ficos, conceituais e did?ticos dos t?picos matem?ticos ensinados aos seus alunos, tomando como base a presen?a da matem?tica na hist?ria humana. Assim, consideramos poss?vel que os professores e seus alunos relacionem a matem?tica ?s outras ci?ncias, ? cultura e ? educa??o, e reflitam acerca das diversas formas de representa??es e padr?es de organiza??o da natureza e da cultura, habilitando-se a observar e interpretar situa??es que envolvam quest?es matem?ticas, associadas aos diversos meios de comunica??o e informa??o de nosso tempo. Para realizar nosso trabalho, buscamos alguns estudos hist?rico-epistemol?gicos j? realizados por outros pesquisadores em hist?ria da matem?tica com vistas ? elabora??o das v?deo-aulas. Al?m disso, utilizamos as mais variadas m?dias dispon?veis para dar uma din?mica construtiva ?s formula??es matem?ticas estabelecidas ao longo da hist?ria. Nesse sentido, Nos apoiamos nas diretrizes sustentadas pela inform?tica educativa, pelas t?cnicas de elabora??o de v?deo, bem como nas propostas de ensino de matem?tica por atividades e na investiga??o hist?rica defendida por Mendes (2001, 2009a, 2009b). A experimenta??o de valida??o permitiu-nos concluir que as t?cnicas utilizadas por n?s para a produ??o das v?deo-aulas de hist?ria da matem?tica mostraram-se v?lidas e poss?veis de serem executadas com um m?nimo de recurso tecnol?gico e que elas t?m efic?cia de uso em sala de aula

Syftet med denna studie är att få inblick på hur lärare i årskurs 1–3 ser på användandet av digitala verktyg för att främja elevers lärande inom programmering i matematikundervisningen. Studien har genomförts med semistrukturerade intervjuer av kvalitativ karaktär. Deltagande lärare som har medverkat kommer från olika skolor i mellersta Sverige och är utbildade inom matematikämnet i årskurs 1–3. Den insamlade data har analyserats genom både SAMR (Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition) -  modellen som handlar om hur lärarna använder sig av digitala verktyg i undervisningen och Finger och Houguets konceptuella ramverk för utmaningar vid införande av teknologi i undervisning. Resultatet av denna studie visar att de berörda lärarna tycker att digitala verktyg är en viktig komponent till programmering och att de kan underlätta i programmeringsundervisningen på grund av de möjligheter som det digitala kan erbjuda. / The purpose of this study is to gain insight into how teachers throughout grades 1 – 3 view the use of digital tools to encourage student learning about programming within the subject of mathematics in addition to possibilities and challenges. The study has been accomplished using semi-structured interviews of a qualitative nature. The contributing teachers derive from multiple schools throughout central Sweden and are trained in mathematics through grades 1–3. The collected data has been analyzed using both the SAMR (Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition)- a model which deals with how teachers utilize digital tools to educate, and Vinnervik's translated framework for challenges when implementing technology education. The results show that affected teachers believe that using digital tools is an essential factor when learning programming due to the possibilities they provide.