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Essa dissertação de mestrado tem por objetivo perscrutar os valores atribuídos a relacionamentos afetivosexuais que se estabelecem através da mediação de sites de relacionamentos e agências de casamento entre homens do chamado primeiro mundo e mulheres do chamado terceiro mundo. Em particular, relacionamentos entre homens alemães e mulheres brasileiras. Tendo como pano de fundo as dinâmicas históricas e sociais que tornam relacionamentos desse tipo não apenas possíveis, mas também desejáveis, objetivo iluminar de que maneiras tais dinâmicas estariam implicadas na produção e reprodução do desejo e de interações tidas como íntimas, bem como essas dinâmicas mobilizariam noções de sexualidade e raça. Procuro, ademais, localizar o lugar ocupado pelas brasileiras nesse mercado internacional de fluxos matrimoniais e agências de casamento. Investigo ainda as motivações pessoais de indivíduos que fazem uso dessa forma de se buscar um/a parceiro/a compatível e questiono como relações mais amplas relativas a desigualdades de poder, gênero, raça e nacionalidade são pensadas nos processos de estabelecimento desses relacionamentos. / This dissertation aims to scrutinize the values attributed to affectivesexual relationships that are established through the mediation of dating websites and introduction agencies between men from the socalled \"first world\" and women from the socalled \"third world\". In particular, relationships between German men and Brazilian women. Taking in consideration the historical and social dynamics that make such relationships not only possible, but also desirable, I aim to shed light into how such dynamics are implicated in the production and reproduction of desire and of intimate interactions, as well as how such dynamics mobilize notions of race and sexuality. Furthermore, I seek to find the place occupied by Brazilian women in the market of international marriage flows and marriage agencies. I also investigate the personal motivations of individuals who make usage of these tools to find a suitable partner and question how wider power, gender, race and nationality inequalities are thought through in the processes of establishing these relationships.

Absente des textes de lois, introuvable en jurisprudence et ignorée de la pratique, la notion de dette familiale suscite l'étonnement. Si l'on en pressent intuitivement le sens, sitôt la question de sa définition juridique posée, les plus grandes difficultés surgissent pour en dessiner les contours. En s'affranchissant des clivages habituels du droit patrimonial de la famille - régimes matrimoniaux, successions et libéralités - l'étude envisage de percer le mystère de ces dettes. Les dettes familiales peuvent être comprises comme l'ensemble des obligations passives à finalité familiale, unissant un ou plusieurs membres de la famille, soit entre eux, soit vis-à-vis des tiers. Derrière cette unité notionnelle, apparaît ainsi une opposition majeure : aux dettes entre les membres de la famille répondent les dettes envers les tiers. Entre les membres de la famille, les dettes familiales peuvent à leur tour être divisées entre les dettes de liquidation et de contribution. Chacune de ces catégories obéit à sa propre logique: équité pour les premières, solidarité pour les secondes. Or c'est encore la solidarité qui gouverne les dettes envers les tiers: elles expriment en effet l'union du groupe en offrant aux tiers une précieuse garantie. S'appuyant sur cet ordonnancement nouveau, une reconstruction du régime de ces obligations est proposée. Ainsi, une mise en cohérence des règles applicables à ces dettes en fonction de leurs fondements respectifs et des mécanismes employés pour parvenir à leur réalisation apparaît plus clairement. / Absent from legal texts, unable to be found in jurisprudence and unknown in practice, the notion of family debt evokes astonishment. Great difficulty arises in establishing a legal definition for these issues. In crossing the line of usual cleavages of patrimonial family law - matrimonial regimes, inheritance and gifts - this study plans to shed light on the mystery of these debts. Family debt can be understood as a group of passive obligations for the use of the family, involving one or several members of the family, either amongst each other or vis-à-vis a third party. Behind this notional unity, there is a major difference: debts between family members juxtaposed to debts towards third parties. Between family members, family debts can in turn be divided into contribution debts and liquidation debts. Each one of these categories has its own logic: equity for the first, solidarity for the second. However, it is still solidarity which governs debt towards third parties: they highlight the union of the group by offering a precious guarantee to third parties. Based on this new set of rules, a reconstruction of the system of these obligations is proposed. Thus, an alignment of the rules for these debts according to their basis and mechanisms used to achieve their implementation becomes clearer.

The purpose of my final thesis "Matrimonial property in the context of inheritance proceedings" is to analyse law dealings with settlements of matrimonial property and its application in inheritance proceedings. I emphasize problems caused by a lack of interconnection between the legislation of matrimonial property and the law of succession where I focus on both the substantial as well as procedural law. Furthermore, I discuss a tension between two principles - free will and protection of a surviving spouse - which emerges during the settlements of matrimonial property in the inheritance proceedings and which is apparent from the amount of rights given to the surviving spouse under the law of succession. Additionally, I compare the Czech legislation in this matter to the English law, even though England belongs to different legal culture where the concept of matrimonial property has not been fully introduced yet. However, considering the need for adjusting the Czech legislation of matrimonial property to the law of succession, I suggest that the protection which is given to the surviving spouse under English law might be inspiring for the Czech legislator.

Doctor Legum - LLD / South Africa

Magister Legum - LLM / South Africa

[pt] Nos estudos psicanalíticos contemporâneos, podemos observar o crescente interesse suscitado por pesquisas voltadas para transmissão psíquica geracional, sobretudo em seu aspecto transgeracional. O interesse pela transmissão psíquica transgeracional demonstra a importância de investigar o tema no cenário atual, percorrendo caminhos que forneçam maiores subsídios para a prática clínica e para a interlocução da psicanálise com outros campos do saber. Uma das áreas com as quais o tema deste estudo estabelece um estreito diálogo é o campo do Direito, sendo possível identificar as contribuições que a teoria e a prática psicanalítica podem oferecer à área jurídica. Esta tese teve como objetivo geral pesquisar como a transmissão psíquica transgeracional se inscreve no contexto de disputas judiciais, especialmente nos processos de divórcio litigioso. Para atingir o objetivo proposto foram desenvolvidos quatro eixos de estudo que deram origem a quatro artigos. O primeiro deles voltou-se para a investigação da dinâmica familiar pós-divórcio, considerando que a separação suscita uma dolorosa elaboração do luto pela conjugalidade desfeita, e uma consequente mudança nas interações familiares. No segundo estudo, foram analisados os efeitos da transgeracionalidade nos filhos e a produção sintomática das crianças. O terceiro teve o objetivo de compreender a paternidade em famílias que vivenciaram o divórcio litigioso. No quarto artigo foi pesquisado o conflito e a transposição das desavenças conjugais para o âmbito jurídico. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar como o prolongamento do conflito gera impasses à transmissão psíquica, se transformando em infindáveis batalhas judiciais. A partir da análise realizada, questionamos se o judiciário tem sido capaz de assumir a função tão primordial à qual é designado, no uso do seu poder genealógico (Legendre, 1999), de modo que auxilie no processo de formação e transformação subjetiva. Constatamos a necessidade da criação e manutenção de ações integradas do campo jurídico com a área da saúde mental, principalmente com a psicanálise, para a solução dos conflitos familiares que aportam o judiciário e se transformam em intermináveis processos que assolam a justiça. Para combater a judicialização das relações familiares, torna-se fundamental considerar a dinâmica psíquica inconsciente e a psicopatologia dos indivíduos que estão imersos no litígio. A participação da psicologia e da psicanálise fazem-se necessárias para além dos laudos e pareceres, com vistas a reestabelecer a saúde psíquica daqueles envolvidos no litígio. / [en] Contemporary psychoanalytic studies show a growing interest in research aimed at generational psychic transmission, especially regarding its transgenerational aspect. The interest in transgenerational psychic transmission shows how important investigating that topic has become in the current scenario, following a path that provides greater support to clinical practice and to the dialogue between psychoanalysis and other areas of knowledge. One of the areas with which the topic of this study establishes a close dialogue is Law, and we identified the contributions that psychoanalytic theory and practice may offer the legal area. The main goal of this thesis is to investigate how the transgenerational psychic transmission fits in the context of legal disputes, especially in divorce litigation. To achieve that goal, four studies were conducted that resulted in four articles. The first one focuses on postdivorce family dynamics, considering that any separation results in painful processing of the grief for a broken marriage, as well as in an inevitable change in family interactions. The second study analyzed the effects of transgenerationality on children and the symptomatic production of children. The third one aimed to understand fatherhood in families that experienced litigious divorce. The fourth one focused on conflict and the transposition of marital disagreements into the legal sphere. This study aimed to analyze how the extension of conflicts creates deadlocks for psychic transmission, resulting into endless legal battles. Based on our analysis, we question whether the legal system is ready to perform its primary function, using its genealogical power (Legendre, 1999) to support the process of formation and subjective transformation. We conclude that the legal area needs to create and maintain integrated actions with the mental health area, mainly with psychoanalysis, to solve family conflicts that mobilize the judiciary and turn into endless cases that burden it. To reduce the judicialization of family relationships, it is essential to consider the unconscious psychic dynamics and the psychopathology of individuals involved in litigation. Psychology and psychoanalysis should go beyond reports and statements and aim to reestablish the psychological health of those involved in legal cases.

La comunicación conyugal virtuosa es un medio insustituible que permite facilitar el despliegue del amor en la familia, por lo que una comunicación inadecuada entre esposos puede generar problemas que dificultan el perfeccionamiento y desarrollo de los miembros del hogar. Por tal motivo, se realizó la investigación con el propósito de elaborar un programa de escuela de padres, fundamentado en la antropología matrimonial de Tomás Melendo, para una comunicación virtuosa de los cónyuges. Esta investigación es de tipo teórico - documental, con paradigma interpretativo. Entre los resultados alcanzados en esta investigación se analizaron los fundamentos teóricos de la antropología matrimonial de Tomás Melendo, orientado a una comunicación virtuosa. Asimismo, se explicó la necesidad de una comunicación virtuosa entre los cónyuges orientado hacia su autorrealización y felicidad, según la antropología matrimonial de Tomás Melendo. Además, se determinaron los criterios prácticos para una comunicación virtuosa entre los cónyuges, siguiendo esta antropología; y finalmente, se propuso un conjunto de actividades educativas, vertidas en un programa dirigido a padres de familia, fundamentado en la antropología matrimonial de Tomás Melendo, para una comunicación / Virtuous marital communication is an irreplaceable means that facilitates the deployment of love in the family, so inadequate communication between spouses can generate problems that hinder the improvement and development of household members. For this reason, the research was carried out with the purpose of developing a parenting school program, based on the marital anthropology of Tomás Melendo, for virtuous communication between spouses. This research is of a theoretical - documentary type, with an interpretive paradigm. Among the results achieved in this research, the theoretical foundations of Tomás Melendo's marital anthropology were analyzed, oriented towards virtuous communication. Likewise, the need for virtuous communication between spouses aimed at their self-realization and happiness was explained, according to the marital anthropology of Tomás Melendo. Furthermore, practical criteria for virtuous communication between spouses were determined, following this anthropology; and finally, a set of educational activities was proposed, expressed in a program aimed at parents, based on the marital anthropology of Tomás Melendo, for virtuous communication of spouses, called “Virtuous Communication, source of conjugal love.”

Digne héritier de l’Empire romain d’Occident, l’Empire romain d’Orient plus communément appelé Empire byzantin est la scène de nombreux changements politiques et socio-économiques depuis sa création au IVème siècle. Parmi les acteurs de ces évolutions se trouvent les Comnènes, une famille issue de l’aristocratie dite militaire que rien ne prédestinait à occuper les hautes sphères de l’administration impériale de 1057 à 1204. En se basant prioritairement sur les sceaux regroupés sous la forme d’un catalogue, il s’agira de mettre en lumière l’histoire de la famille qui prend petit à petit la dimension d’un réseau basé sur une forte politique matrimoniale modifiée par les empereurs Comnènes jusqu’à atteindre son apogée au XIIe siècle. Organisé en trois partie le premier tome de cette étude peint un tableau exhaustif de la famille en extrayant des sources l’ensemble des informations se rapportant aux Comnènes et à leurs parents afin, dans un deuxième temps de mieux comprendre comment le mariage est utilisé pour étendre son attraction et son pouvoir sur le reste de la population byzantine et sur le reste du monde médiéval du XIIe siècle, enfin une étude du corpus iconographique propre au réseau des Comnènes sera étudié afin de montrer l’existence ou non d’une évolution des cultes sous l’action de cette famille. Ce travail repose sur un corpus de sceaux dédié aux Comnène qui compose le second tome. / Worthy heir to the Roman Empire of Occident, the Roman Empire of the East more commonly called Byzantine Empire is the scene many political changes and socio-economic since his creation at the 4th century. Among the actors of these evolutions are Komnenian, a family resulting from the aristocracy known as military that nothing predestined to occupy the higher realms of the imperial administration of 1057 to 1204. By firstly basing on the seals gathered in form the shape of a catalogue, it will be a question of clarifying the history of the family which gradually size up a network thanks to a strong matrimonial policy which is modified by the Komnenian emperors until reaching her apogee at the 12th century. Organized into three part the first volume of this study paints an exhaustive painting of the family by extracting from the sources the whole of information referring to Komnenian and with their parents so, in the second time to better understand how the family uses the marriage to extend her attraction and her power on the rest of the Byzantine population and on the rest of the world medieval of the 12th century, finally a study of the iconographic corpus suitable for the network of Komnenian will be studied in order to show the existence or not evolution of the worships under the action of this family. This work is based on a corpus of seals dedicated to Komnenian who composed the second volume.

<p>This thesis will examine the effects of divorce on the benefit payable to a member of a retirement fund, where divorce has occurred before the member has reached retirement age. In&nbsp / particular, parametric (that is, piecemeal) amendments to the relevant legislation will be analysed in order to outline the development of the legislation relating to divorce and the consequent distribution of&nbsp / assets (including retirement savings). The previous and current legal position in South Africa relating to divorce and retirement savings will be set out and critically analysed to determine whether the current position can be regarded as an improvement upon the previous legal position, or whether other and/or new problems in this area have been created. Parametric amendments to&nbsp / relevant legislation have thus far been the subject of many cases in our courts and adjudicative tribunals. A systemic overhaul of a particular area of law is a useful tool in providing legal certainty&nbsp / and clarifying the laws applicable to that area. This thesis will therefore argue in favour of a systemic overhaul of the legislation applicable to the allocation of retirement benefits at divorce, as opposed to the ineffectual parametric (i.e. piecemeal) amendments that have been implemented thus far. An essential aspect of this study is a comparative study of South African legal principles&nbsp / relating to retirement benefits and divorce with the legal principles of this subject in the United Kingdom (UK).</p>