Die Arbeit stellt ein Messsystem zur Überwachung von hochbelastbaren Leichtbauwerkstoffen, den Faserkunststoffverbunden vor. Speziell die Materialdehnung und die Eigenfrequenzen rotatorischer Systeme stellen als Schäden im makroskopischen Bereich eine Herausforderung an das Messsystem dar. Aber auch mikroskopische Erscheinungen wie Delaminationen oder Zwischenfaserbrüche gilt es an diesen Bauelementen zu erfassen.

This thesis details the development and validation of a laser Doppler vibrometer-based measurement system that is capable of quantifying not only the normal vibration of a solid body but also the component of vibration that is parallel to the plane containing the surface of interest. LDV manufacturers produce various devices that capture 3D measurements in a beam configuration that can be used to decompose the measured signals into not only the normal velocity of the surface of an object but also two orthogonal in-plane components of the vibration. It was a slightly simplified two-dimensional version of this approach that was chosen for implementation in the Wave Physics Lab using individual components to create a cheaper, more flexible system than those produced by companies such as Polytec. The goal of this system is to facilitate the exploration and discovery of areas and applications where 2D measurement may provide a more complete and precise view of the physics of different phenomena. Upon completion of the system development and validation, a study was done that sought to measure the acoustoelastic effect in an Aluminum plate by measuring how increasing loads alter both the normal and in-plane components of Lamb wave propagation in the plate. The acoustoelastic effect is the effect of stress on wave speed caused by non-linearity in the propagation medium.

<p>What you do not measure you cannot control and what you do not control you cannot improve, implies that measurement is a pre-requisite for improvements. Especially for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SME) an implementation of a Performance Measurement System is mostly critical in terms of the fact that SMEs often is restricted of limited resources, lack of strategic thinking, lack of formal planning, as well as a reactive mentality. A model to prepare and secure an implementation of a performance measurement system at SMEs, has been developed, tested and validated through a single case study at a small enterprise, that is a well-renowned refiner of castings. The model is constituted by phases and steps supporting the advantages as well as over bridges the most common disadvantages for SMEs. The significant advantages on behalf of SMEs; loose structure, informal operating practices and lack of bureaucracy are reinforced by integrating the project and especially the output such as specification of requirements, new routines, improvement groups and forums within the organisation and in turn over bridge the disadvantages of limited resources and lack of formal planning. Identification and prioritisation of strategic objectives is the first step and creates a foundation of a continuous strategic thinking, which often SMEs are lacking, and in turn navigate the company in the right direction in order to maximise the utilisation of resources and consequently increase the profitability.</p> / <p>Vad som inte mäts kan inte kontrolleras och vad som inte kontrolleras kan inte förbättras, indikerar att mätning är en förutsättning för att åstadkomma förbättringar. Implementation av ett driftsuppföljningssystem är särskilt kritiskt på ett små och medelstora företag (SMEs) då dessa ofta är hindrade av begränsade resurser, bristfälligt strategiskt tänkande, otillräcklig formell planering, men även av en reaktiv mentalitet. En modell för att förbereda och säkra en implementation av ett driftsuppföljningssystem har utvecklats, testats och validerats genom en enskild fallstudie på ett mindre företag som bearbetar gjutgods. Modellen består av faser och steg som stödjer fördelarna med SMEs, men samtidigt överbrygger de vanligaste negativa kännetecken för SMEs. Fördelarna; lös struktur, informella operativa aktiviteter och brist på byråkrati är förstärkta genom att integrera projektet och speciellt resultaten såsom kravspecifikation, nya rutiner, förbättringsgrupper och forums i organisationen and därmed även överbrygga nackdelarna såsom begränsade resurser och bristfällig formell planering. Identifikation och prioritering av de strategiska målen är det första steget i modell för att skapa en grund för ett ständigt strategiskt tänkande, som ofta är bristfälligt på SMEs, och till följd därav styra företaget i rätt riktning och därmed maximera utnyttjandet av befintliga resurser och följaktligen öka lönsamheten.</p>

Bakgrund: Prestationsmätning syftar till att implementera ett företags strategi. För att lyckas med det krävs tillgång till relevant information för att ta rätt beslut. Nya alternativa organisationsformer som shared service centres har lett till en ökad efterfrågan på ny anpassad ekonomistyrning. En förfrågan om att utvärdera P2P-processens prestationsmätningssystem på IKEA AB, Finance Services ledde till utvärderingsstudien. Syfte: Syftet med utvärderingsstudien är att utveckla en modell med dimensioner, för att analysera prestationsmätningssystem på shared service centres. Analysmodellen kommer appliceras på P2P-processen inom IKEA AB, Finance Services. Om brister identifieras finns avsikten att föreslå hur de bör åtgärdas. Metod: Undersökningsdesignen för studien är en utvärderingsstudie. Empiriskt material har hämtats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Slutsats: Avsaknaden av mål leder till otydlighet gentemot intressenter. Samtidigt görs en generalisering där samtliga mått benämns som KPIs för att förenkla styrningen. Det påverkar verksamheten eftersom det saknas riktlinjer för hur prestationer bedöms och om de ligger på en rimlig nivå. En tydligare uppdelning av prestationsmåtten skulle leda till en bättre styrning av verksamheten och lägga mer fokus på att nå övergripande mål. / Background: The purpose of a performance measurement system is to implement a business strategy. In order to successfully implement this will the resources of relevant information be required. New options of organization structures creates an increasing demand of suitable financial control systems. A request to evaluate the performance measurement system on the P2P-process on IKEA AB, Finance Services made this evaluation study possible. Purpose: The purpose with this evaluation study is to develop a model with dimensions, used for an analysis of performance measurement systems on shared service centres. The model will be used to evaluate the P2P-process on IKEA AB, Finance Services. If deficits are detected we intend to suggest solutions for these problems. Method: The method used in this study is an evaluation study. The empirical data was gathered through semi-structured interviews. Conclusion: The absence of concrete goals creates vagueness to stakeholders. In addition, all the performance measures is named KPIs to make the financial control easier for employees. This affects the business because it lacks to provide guidance regarding how to assess performances and whether the performances seems to be at reasonable levels. A transparent distinction between the performance measures would create a better operations management and focus more on achieving strategic goals.

Examensarbete, Civilekonomprogrammet, Ekonomihögskolan vid Linnéuniversitetet, Controller, 4FE12E, VT 2014 Författare: Madeleine Olsson och Julia Henriksson Examinator och Handledare: Fredrik Karlsson   Titel: Prestationsmätningssystem: Planering, Styrning och Uppföljning i tjänsteföretag – en utvärdering av IKEA Hemmas PMS   Nyckelord: Prestationsmätningssystem, KPI, nyckeltal, utvärdering, utvärderingsstudie, tjänsteföretag, informationsflöde   Bakgrund: Det är vitalt att organisationer löpande förvaltar sitt prestationsmätningssystem (PMS) i syfte att säkerställa att rätt saker mäts. Om inte måtten följs upp kontinuerligt och utvärderas, kan prestationsmätning bli en kostsam process som inte leder till några förbättringar för organisationen. Önskemål från IKEA Hemma var att utvärdera deras PMS.   Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att utvärdera funktionaliteten i IKEA Hemmas prestationsmätningssystem. Systemets uppbyggnad samt effekterna av PMS:et analyseras för att identifiera prestationsmätningssystemets utvecklingsområden. Ett vidare syfte är att föreslå förändringar som IKEA Hemma kan vidta för att utveckla sitt PMS.   Metod: Det angrepssätt som tillämpats i studien är utvärderingsstudie. Det primära syftet med en utvärderingsstudie är att tillhandahålla kunskap huruvida de mål som satts upp uppnås eller inte samt även att undersöka vilka effekter detta projekt haft. Intervjuer samt enkäter har legat till grund för empiriinsamlingen.   Slutsats: KPI:erna är utformade i syfte att vägleda och motivera handläggarna att tillfredsställa de kunder som kontaktar IKEA Hemma. Systemet är allmänt accepterat av medarbetarna och målen uppnås till stor del på gruppnivå. Förbättringsområden har identifierats, där bland annat nya KPI samt mätning bytts ut för att säkerställa att måttens resultat är påverkbara. / Master Thesis 30hp, Business Programme, School of Business and Economics at Linnaeus University, Controller, 4FE12E, VT 2014 Authors: Madeleine Olsson and Julia Henriksson Examiner and Supervisor: Fredrik Karlsson   Title: Performance Measurement Systems: Planning, Control and Monitoring in Service Companies- an evaluation study of IKEA Hemma’s PMS   Keywords: Performance Measurement System, KPI, evaluation studies, Service Company, information system   Background: It is vital that organizations continuously manage its performance measurement system (PMS) to ensure that the right activities are measured. Unless measures are monitored continuously and evaluated, can performance measurement be a costly process that does not lead to any improvement of the organization. A request by IKEA Hemma was to evaluate their PMS.   Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the IKEA Hemma's performance measurement system. The structure and functionality of the PMS message is analyzed to identify performance measurement system's weaknesses. The purpose is then to propose changes that IKEA Hemma can use to develop their PMS.   Method: Evaluation study is the method used in this study. The primary purpose of an evaluation study is to provide knowledge whether the targets are achieved or not and also to examine the effects of this project had. Interviews and surveys has been the basis of empirical data collection.   Conclusion: KPIs are designed to guide and motivate employees to satisfy the customers who contact IKEA Hemma. The system is widely accepted by the employees and the goals achieves at group level. Areas for improvement have been identified, which includes new KPIs and measurement, to ensure influences in the results.

Titel: Arbetsnöjdhet genom employer branding - En kvalitativ studie om personalomsättningens inverkan på de anställdas arbetsnöjdhet. Nivå: Examensarbete för kandidatexamen i företagsekonomi. Författare: Linn Wikström och Gabriella Kalén. Handledare: Jonas Molin och Lars-Johan Åge. Datum: 2018 – maj. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för om och hur de anställdas arbetsnöjdhet påverkas av personalomsättning i franchiseföretag. Metod: Eftersom studiens syfte har varit att öka förståelsen för ämnet har en kvalitativ metod använts. Studiens har undersökts inom kontexten för franchiseföretag. För att samla in empiriskt material har semistrukturerade intervjuer utförts med tolv deltagare. Materialet har analyserats och redovisats med hjälp av tematisk analysmetod. Resultat &amp; slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att anställda upplever en större arbetsnöjdhet på franchisekontoret med den lägre personalomsättningen i jämförelse med franchisekontoret med den högre personalomsättningen. Resultatet visar att det både finns likheter och olikheter gällande personalomsättningens påverkan på arbetsnöjdhet. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Våra förslag till framtida studier är att utföra liknande undersökning i större omfattning för att få en mer generaliserbar forskning. Denna studie studerar en speciell subgrupp inom en kontext och framtida forskning kan därför studera ämnet inom annan kontext och subgrupp. Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien belyser hur personalomsättning påverkar arbetsnöjdhet, där vårt bidrag är hur fenomenet personalomsättning påverkar arbetsnöjdhet och inte tvärtom som tidigare forskning fokuserat på. Som bidrag till framtida forskning anser vi att denna studie beskriver ett samband mellan påverkan på arbetsnöjdhet, personalomsättning och employer branding. Denna studie skulle kunna bidra till det teoretiska perspektivet i framtida studier med liknande undersökning inom annan kontext eller subgrupp. Nyckelord: Employer branding, arbetsnöjdhet, personalomsättning, interna mätsystem. / Title: Employee satisfaction within employer branding - A qualitative study about the impact employee turnover has on the employee satisfaction. Level: Final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration. Author: Linn Wikström and Gabriella Kalén. Supervisor: Jonas Molin and Lars-Johan Åge. Date: 2018 – May. Aim: The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of whether employee satisfaction is affected by staff turnover in franchises. Method: Since the purpose of the study has been to increase understanding of the subject, a qualitative method has been used. The study has been investigated within the context of franchises. To collect empirical material, semi structured interviews have been conducted with twelve participants. The material has been analyzed and reported by using a thematic analysis method. Result &amp; Conclusions: The study's result shows that employees experience greater job satisfaction in the franchise with lower staff turnover comparing to the franchise with the higher staff turnover. The result shows that there are both similarities and differences when it comes to the impact of staff turnover on job satisfaction. Suggestions for future research: Our suggestions for future studies are to carry out a similar survey largely to get more research that is generalizable. This study is limited to one specific subgroup within a specific context. We suggest that future research can study the same subject area within other contexts and subgroups. Contribution of the thesis: As a contribution to future research, this study describes a link between the impact on job satisfaction, employee turnover and employer branding. This study could contribute to the theoretical perspective of future studies with similar research within another context or subgroup. Keywords: Employer branding, job satisfaction, staff turnover, internal measurement system.

[pt] Em um mercado onde para se manter a competitividade é preciso atender aos requisitos dos clientes o mais rápido possível e com menor custo, os sistemas de medição de desempenho vêm para auxiliar na medição da eficiência e da eficácia das organizações. Por isto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivos propor um framework e uma classificação de temas de sistemas de medição de desempenho e, avaliar sua evolução nos últimos 50 anos. Com esta finalidade, adotou-se uma análise terciária das revisões da literatura sobre o tema e uma análise bibliométrica sobre a evolução dos temas utilizando o software SciMAT. Como resultados, um framework sobre sistemas de medição de desempenho foi desenvolvido, dados das publicações e assuntos do campo de pesquisa nos últimos 50 anos foram reconhecidos e, propostas de futuras pesquisas foram sugeridas. / [en] In a market where to keep competitiveness it is important to respond to the customer requirements as quickly as possible and at a lower cost, measurement performance systems have come to assist in measuring the efficiency and the effectiveness of the organizations. Therefore, this work aims to propose a framework and a classification of themes in measurement performance system and to evaluate its evolution over the past 50 years. For this purpose, a tertiary analysis of the literature was adopted on the subject and a bibliometrics analysis about the evolution of the themes was performed using the SciMAT software. As a result, a framework for performance measurement systems was developed, the data from publications and subjects in the research field in the last 50 years were identified, and proposals for future research were suggested.

Os conceitos de mecânica da fratura têm sido cada vez mais utilizados em projetos de engenharia, permitindo a determinação de tamanhos críticos de defeito ou limites de solicitação em função da presença de trincas. No entanto, para aplicar com sucesso esses conceitos em uma avaliação de integridade estrutural é de suma importância a determinação exata do comportamento a fratura do material. Materiais com comportamento elasto-plástico têm ocupado cada vez mais lugar de destaque em estruturas e componentes críticos de engenharia e a maneira mais utilizada para caracterização da tenacidade à fratura desse tipo de material é a curva J-R. Embora existam métodos normatizados para determinação dessas curvas, esses possuem muitas vezes inconvenientes e limitações que tem justificado o desenvolvimento de vários estudos com vista à determinação de métodos alternativos. Nesse trabalho foi investigada a hipótese de que, a partir do estudo do campo deformacional nas proximidades da ponta de uma trinca, é possível desenvolver uma metodologia para determinação da curva de resistência à fratura de um material com comportamento elasto-plástico. Para tanto, um sistema óptico de medição de deformação baseado na técnica de correlação de imagem digital foi empregado para monitorar a deformação na superfície de corpos de prova do tipo SE(B) durante o ensaio de tenacidade à fratura. O objeto de estudo foi uma junta do aço API X65 soldada por processo de soldagem a laser. Os resultados obtidos demonstram o sucesso da técnica utilizada para obtenção da evolução do campo deformacional durante o ensaio. Além disso, a metodologia empregada possibilitou a determinação de expressões matemáticas que permitem associar valores de deformação com valores de integral J e Δa. Essas expressões são válidas para qualquer uma das três distintas regiões da junta soldada e permitem determinar com sucesso a curva J-R a partir da evolução da deformação durante o ensaio de um único corpo de prova. / The use of fracture mechanics has become increasingly popular in damage tolerance analysis or during determination of load limits in engineering components and structures. Nevertheless, the success of applying the concepts of fracture mechanics to investigate structural integrity assessment is highly dependent upon the correct determination of fracture mechanics material properties. The accurate prediction of ductile fracture behavior plays an important role in structural integrity assessment of critical engineering structures, including nuclear reactors, petrochemical vessels and tanks, pipelines in oil and gas industries and aircraft structures. J-R curve has become the most popular material parameters in elastic-plastic fracture mechanics and has been applied widely in practical engineering. There are procedures to determine J-R curves and they are widely presented in books and international standards. However, these procedures sometimes present some practical limitations or restrictions which have prompted research effort to develop alternative methods. In this work the hypothesis that is possible to develop a methodology to determinate J-R curve to materials with elastic-plastic behavior from analysis of near crack tip strain field was verified. For this purpose, an optical strain measurement system (OSMS) was used in order to monitor strains on surface of SE(B) specimens during fracture toughness testing. The methodology was applied to a laser welded joint of API X65 steel. The measurements successfully evaluate the strain field during testing. Besides of this, the methodology proposed allowed the determination of mathematical expressions to associate strain values with values of J-integral and crack extension (Δa). These expressions are valid to characterize these fracture toughness parameters to any one of the three distinct regions of the weld joint and made possible to determine J-R curve by monitoring the surface strain field evolution during a testing of a single specimen.

[pt] Hoje no Brasil, o setor de telecomunicações encontra-se em estágio avançado de desenvolvimento, se considerarmos a transição desencadeada há cerca de seis anos com a privatização das empresas do setor, que resultou em uma alteração no modelo institucional, devido à introdução da concorrência na exploração dos serviços e a obrigação da universalização do acesso aos serviços básicos. Neste ambiente, as empresas buscam um novo posicionamento no mercado para serem competitivas e se manterem rentáveis. A fim de lograrem êxito, estas empresas necessitam manter uma gestão estratégica com foco no mercado, e com indicadores que possibilitem o acompanhamento do desempenho financeiro e operacional, assim como da qualidade de seus produtos e serviços e da satisfação de seus clientes. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar como assegurar a adequação estratégica do sistema de medição de desempenho organizacional na Unidade de Negócios Empresariais da Telemar (UNE). A investigação foi desenvolvida, usando a metodologia de estudo de caso, escolhendo como objeto de pesquisa a UNE - Telemar. Coletados por meio de investigação documental / telematizada, questionários predominantemente estruturados e entrevistas, os dados da pesquisa foram tratados com métodos quantitativos e qualitativos. A interpretação e análise dos dados foram realizadas com base no referencial teórico, fundamentado em revisão de literatura pertinente à área de estudo, com auxílio do modelo genérico integrativo de Macedo - Soares (2001b). Os resultados evidenciaram algumas inconsistências entre o sistema de medição de desempenho organizacional e a estratégia da Unidade. Também, foi possível identificar os fatores organizacionais que contribuem e os que não contribuem para este adequação. Ao final do trabalho, são compartilhadas as lições a respeito do estudo de caso na UNE - Telemar. / [en] The telecommunication industry in Brazil has evolved to an advanced state since the privatization of the sector in 1998. The transition from government controlled segment to public owned institutions, regulated by a government agency, has revamped the structure of the industry, created the foundation for an open market with free and fair competition, and defined the minimum network structure with the so called Universal Plan for Basic Access to Telecommunication Services. In the last six years, the Brazilian telecommunication system has progressed from inefficient and outdated to world class. To succeed in the current highly competitive environment, telecommunication service providers must focus their strategy on their market and clients. These firms must develop metrics that allow them to monitor financial and operational performances, evaluate the quality of their products and services, and assess client satisfaction. The objective of this research is to assess the efficiency and strategic adequacy (fit) of the organizational performance measurement system in the Business Units of Telemar, also known as UNE - Unidade de Negócios Empresariais da Telemar. The investigation was prepared in a case study format, and the object of study defined as the UNE - Telemar. Data was collected through documental/telematic investigations and structured questionnaires. Data compilation and analysis were performed using qualitative and quantitative methods. Information analysis and interpretation were based on academic references, structured through the research of available literature, and in most part rooted on with the support of the systemic and integrative model developed by Macedo-Soares (2001b). The results of the analysis indicate inconsistencies between the method currently used to evaluate the organizational performance in the Business Units of Telemar and the company s strategy. The work also revealed the aspects in the organization that contribute or hinder the implementation of the company s strategies and, ultimately, its success. The lessons captured in the study of the UNE - Telemar case are detailed in the final analysis.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4008.pdf: 8908245 bytes, checksum: 6026b533af0a551239cdcb4d94b658c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-07 / This paper aims to verify if there was improvement in the Performance Management of an organization that uses for more than five years a Performance Management System, denominated Balanced Scorecard. It's necessary to verify if the use of the Balanced Scorecard in this period of time, improved the management system of the organization, transforming the strategy into several operational execution processes. The development of this investigation was grounded in bibliographic references, to identify and evaluate the whole process of Strategy, Planning and Performance Measurement System, as well the involvement of all the stakeholders. / O objetivo principal dessa dissertação é verificar se houve melhoria na Gestão de Desempenho de uma organização que utiliza a mais de cinco anos um Sistema de Medição de Desempenho Organizacional denominado Balanced Scorecard. Tornase necessário verificar se o uso do Balanced Scorecard nesse período de tempo aprimorou o sistema de gestão estratégica da organização, traduzindo a estratégia em termos operacionais, alinhando a organização com a estratégia, motivou os funcionários e convertendo a estratégia em um processo contínuo e gerenciado. O desenvolvimento desta investigação foi alicerçado em ampla revisão bibliográfica para identificar e avaliar todo o processo de Gestão Estratégica, Gestão de Desempenho, Balanced Scorecard, bem como o envolvimento de todas as partes interessadas.