Det övergripande syftet med studien var att undersöka hur personalen på en psykiatrisk mottagning upplevde den behandling som de ger för borderline personlighetsstörning, mentaliseringsbaserad terapi. Genom en kvalitativ metod och fokusgrupper söktes svar på frågeställningarna. Det empiriska materialet analyserades med hjälp av tematisk analys och resultatet visade att behandlingen generellt upplevdes ha förbättrat patienternas livskvalitet. De flesta av patienterna gjorde helt andra livsval efter avslutad behandling och en del uppfyllde inte längre de diagnostiska kriterierna för borderline personlighetsstörning. De som hade fullföljt behandlingen eller nästan fullföljt den var de som hade dragit mest nytta av den. De faktorer som ansågs som viktiga för förändringsprocessen rörde individvariabler, strukturella faktorer, gruppterapi, medicinering med psykofarmaka och personalvariabler. De berörde med andra ord behandlingens form snarare än de specifika interventionerna för mentaliseringsbaserad terapi. De fynd som gjorts inom ramen för denna studie skulle därmed kunna betraktas som viktiga komponenter för psykoterapeutisk behandling av borderline personlighetsstörning oavsett tillhörighet av psykoterapeutisk skolbildning. Resultatet skulle kunna indikera att de specifika behandlingsinterventionerna inte har någon nämnvärd effekt samtidigt som det skulle kunna tyda på att en behandling som ges i samma form som MBT, men med andra interventioner, skulle kunna åstadkomma ett än bättre resultat. / The overall purpose of this study was to examine how the professionals on a psychiatric clinic experienced the treatment they are using for borderline personality disorder, mentalization-based treatment. Through a qualitative approach and focus groups, answers to the questions were sought. The empirical material was analyzed by using thematic analysis and the results showed that the treatment generally had improved the patients’ quality of life, as perceived by the professionals. Most of the patients did completely different choices in life after the treatment was finished and some of them did no longer fulfill the diagnostic criteria’s for borderline personality disorder. Those who almost or fully completed the treatment where the ones who have had the most use of it. Important factors for the process of change were individual variables, structural factors, group therapy, medication with psychopharmacological drugs and personnel variables. In other words factors related to the structure of the treatment rather than the specific interventions for mentalization-based treatment. The findings within the scope of this study could hence be considered as vital components for psychotherapeutic treatment of borderline personality disorder independent of psychotherapeutic doctrine. The result could indicate that the specific treatment interventions do not have any significant effect but at the same time it could indicate that a treatment given in the same form as mentalization-based treatment, but with other interventions, could give an even better result.

L'intérêt porté à la fois par les médias et les scientifiques, à la problématique de la retraite sportive de haut niveau et des avatars qui l'accompagnent, se veut relativement récent. Ainsi, si les travaux de recherche se sont multipliés au cours de ces vingt dernières années, entrant dans une aire particulièrement féconde, les tentatives successives de modélisation théorique du processus de reconversion se sont néanmoins heurtées à la difficulté de la spécification de la retraite sportive et laissent en suspens certaines questions.Dans ce contexte, la présente étude se veut novatrice dans sa double composante théorique et méthodologique. En effet, en référence aux champs de la psychanalyse et de la psychodynamique, c'est la problématique du fonctionnement intrapsychique en tant que déterminant de la qualité de la reconversion qui est posée ici.Ainsi, les hypothèses originales développées seront mises à l'épreuve à travers une étude comparative de trois cas cliniques contrastés (reconversion réussie/mitigée/échouée), envisagée dans une double perspective clinique et projective jamais utilisée. Les résultats qui en découlent laissent entrevoir une corrélation entre la qualité des mécanismes intrapsychiques impliqués (mentalisation, espace imaginaire, aménagement défensif) et la qualité de la reconversion. En outre, une seconde variable émerge, de manière inattendue, de cette étude : elle concerne les possibilités d'étayage externe et apparait comme un facteur différenciateur de la qualité de la reconversion envisagée sur un continuum.De telles données, particulièrement novatrices, demandent cependant à être confirmées, généralisées. / The interest of both media and scientists to the topic of high-level sport's retirement and its difficulties is relatively recent. Thus, if researches multiplied in the last twenty years, in a particularly prosper area, successive attempts of reconversion process' theoretical models met nevertheless the difficulty of sport's retirement specificities and cannot answer certain questions.In such a context, this study is new from the two perspectives: theoretical and methodological. Indeed, referring to theoretical fields of psychoanalysis and psychodynamics, it is the question of psychic mechanisms as a determinant of reconversion's quality which is put into question.Thus, original developed hypothesis will be tested through a comparative study of three clinical cases (succeeded/mitigated/failed reconversion), evaluated from a clinical and projective perspective never used before.The results may conclude to a correlation between psychic mechanisms' quality (mentalization, fantasy space, defensive mechanisms) and reconversion's quality.One more, a second variable appeared out of this study, unexpected: it concerns external support's possibilities and it seems that it can be a distinctive factor of the reconversion's quality, such as a continuum.Nevertheless, these brand new results require to be confirmed, generalized.

Introduction: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterised by deficits in affect and impulse regulation, along with interpersonal difficulties (Lieb et al., 2004). It is thought to develop through a complex relationship between adverse childhood events, such as childhood abuse and genetics. A recent developmental model of BPD and one that is gaining popularity focuses on mentalization. Following their exposition of the mentalizing model of BPD, Bateman and Fonagy developed the Mentalization Based Treatment (MBT) intervention for BPD (Bateman & Fonagy 2006). This intervention includes both group and individual therapy with the focus on the patient’s relationship with the therapist and other members of the group. Promising evidence that MBT interventions are effective for treating symptoms of BPD is beginning to emerge. Methods: First a systematic review examining the prevalence of childhood abuse in BPD patients was conducted. Second, an empirical study of the efficacy of a group-only adaptation of the MBT intervention for BPD, delivered in a routine health service setting. Finally, planned exploratory analyses were conducted in order to ascertain what factors might predict group completion. Results: The results of the systematic review suggested that that emotional abuse (mean prevalence 63%) and emotional neglect (mean prevalence 63.1%) are the most common forms of abuse reported by this population followed by physical neglect (mean prevalence 40.89%) , sexual abuse (mean prevalence 36.9%) and physical abuse (mean prevalence 32.49%). The results of the second study revealed that the HUB is an acceptable treatment to participants, with indicators of treatment efficacy in relation to reducing overall psychiatric symptoms along with specific symptoms including interpersonal sensitivities, depression, phobic anxiety and paranoid ideation. Finally, exploratory analyses suggested that patients who were older and with less histrionic symptoms (as defined by the Personality Disorder Questionnaire-4) were more likely to complete the HUB. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that a group-only MBT intervention displays promising effectiveness in treating core symptoms of BPD and is acceptable to patients. Further it suggests that group-only MBT interventions are worth continued investigation both into their efficacies and the potential efficiencies associated a group-based intervention.

Delinquency represents a social issue of considerable importance. However, not as much attention is paid to antisocial individuals in psychology in relation to research as needed. In order to discern the causes of delinquency and to propose pedagogic and psychologic prevention actions, it is necessary to examine in detail the way delinquents see the world around them and themselves. In my work, I present qualitative research in the identity and intentionality of delinquents which is based on the analysis of the interviews with five incarcerated persons, recidivists, at the age of 25 - 35, and also on the study of their Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) performances. For the analysis of TAT, I used a psychoanalytical approach in accordance with the manual which was translated into Czech in 2019. The result of the research is a description of found identity, intentionality, and also the so-called theory of retribution. Another result is the description of the structure and dynamics of their personality from psychoanalytic point of view. Keywords: Delinquency, identity, mentalization, borderline personality organization

The purpose of this study is to examine what professional social workers within the field of children and families experience the concept “good enough parent”, and how they make assessments on parental ability based on this. The term good enough is often used among social workers within the field of child protection as a form of scale in the assessment of the parental ability. The term functions as a reference to the fact that a parent does not have to achieve perfection in his or hers parenting, but being good enough is just enough to take care of a child in a favourable way. The professional social worker then must determine if the parent manage to live up to the measurement of good enough or not. The empirical material of this study is based on six qualitative, semi-structured interviews with professional social workers. Through our collected empirical material, it appears that a good enough parent should have the ability to mentalize and to enable the child to develop a secure attachment. Other than that, good enough parenting skills cannot be described based on a completed template or a checklist that the parent must fulfill in order to be considered good enough, but the meaning of a good enough parent must rather be set in relation to what the specific child needs, and how the parent is able to meet these needs. It is thus the child's need that places the bar for good enough.

No description available.

No description available.

While cutting-edge research has shown how – from a neural and cognitive point of view – human beings are perceived and elaborated differently from objects, in social psychology different studies demonstrated that this human-object divide fades in several circumstances. Research in social psychology is continuing to advance the knowledge on dehumanization and objectification phenomenon in which human beings are perceived and elaborated more similar to an object and less like a human being. Recently, this has been demonstrated quite literally directly comparing human stimuli with a mind and perceptually similar mindless objects (Vaes et al., 2019, 2020). Such direct comparisons allow us to demonstrate how the well-documented human-object divide tends to fade during dehumanization and objectification phenomena. Presenting five research studies, this thesis aims not only at proving how de-mentalized human stimuli are cognitively perceived as object-like (Chapter 2 and 3), but also at showing how these phenomena are influencing more subtle, un-controlled behaviour processes that impact human social interactions (Chapter 4). Specifically, in Chapter 2, two similar EEG studies aimed at exploring the timeline of the mentalization process by adapting a paradigm in which the human-object divide is investigated. By manipulating both perceptual and contextual information, ingroup and outgroup human faces together with their identity-matched doll-like avatar faces were presented while registering participants’ neural correlates. Thanks to the direct comparison between mindless and mindful targets our goal was to unravel the time course of mentalization and its underlying processes. By adapting the same paradigm, in Chapter 3 we explored the process of sexual objectification and presented sexually objectified men and women with their gender-matched doll-like avatars. Our primary goal was to investigate how objectified men and women are perceptually and cognitive perceived by looking at a sample of gay men. By directly comparing mindless and mindful targets we wanted to understand whether sexual objectification might be target (i.e., always mainly directed towards women regardless of the perceivers sexual orientation) or agent specific (i.e., directed towards different targets depending on the perceivers sexual orientation). Moreover, we also wanted to explore what might drive heterosexual men and women and gay men to objectify others. Finally, the purpose of Chapter 4 was to investigate an implicit and unconscious consequence of sexual objectification. By presenting objectified and non-objectified women expressing happiness and anger we measured participants’ spontaneous mimicry responses. Our goal was to determine whether sexual objectification – a phenomenon in which women are considered as object-like – might influence such an uncontrolled and implicit human behaviour that affects normal social interactions.

Syftet med denna essä är att undersöka ansvarsbegreppet, främst vad det gäller barns personliga ansvar. Detta genom att gestalta två egenupplevda händelser och använda dessa berättelser som utgångspunkt för att pröva mina erfarenheter gentemot, för mig, nya perspektiv. Mina frågeställningar är: Vad är ansvar? Vad är det för ansvar eleverna ska utveckla enligt styrdokument och forskning? Hur kan jag hitta ett fungerande förhållningssätt till mina elever vad det gäller deras personliga och individuella ansvarsutveckling? Hur kan ansvar tolkas i förhållande till begreppet mentalisering? Hur kan jag förstå ansvarsdiskursen i ett samtida ideologiskt perspektiv? De perspektiv och teorier jag använt mig av är bland andra psykoterapeuten Jesper Juuls distinktion mellan personligt och socialt ansvar, mentalisering, filosoferna Jean-Paul Sartre och Ann Heberleins existentialistiska grepp på ansvar i förhållande till individens frihet. Vad jag kommit fram till är bland annat att dagens samhälle ställer höga krav på människans förmåga att navigera och handla i ansvarighet. Jag som lärare ställs inför att stärka elevernas förmåga till mentalisering, agens och stötta dem i utvecklingen mot framtidens samhällsborgare. / The purpose of this essay is to examine the concept of responsibility, mainly in terms of human responsibility among primary school children. Through two narratives based on my experience working as a teacher at leisure-time centers for school children, I am analyzing the concept of responsibility and what it means to me in my daily work. The perspectives and theories I have used include psychotherapist Jesper Juul's distinction between personal and social responsibility, mentalization and the philosophers Jean-Paul Sartre and Ann Heberleins existentialist approach. My conclusions are that the world of today places high demands on the human ability to navigate as moral beings. As a teacher I am faced with the task to strengthen the students' ability of mentalization and agency and support them in their development to become future citizens.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T19:36:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 26 / Nenhuma / O foco deste estudo foi a função reflexiva e a capacidade de mentalização de pré-adolescentes, no contexto dos rompimentos de vínculos resultantes da separação conjugal altamente conflitiva, e a possibilidade de desenvolvimento da capacidade de mentalização no processo terapêutico desses jovens. A função reflexiva e a capacidade de mentalização são conceitos que vêm sendo elaborados com base na vertente psicanalítica da teoria do apego, nas contribuições de alguns teóricos das relações objetais, especialmente Bion e Winnicott e na Psicologia Cognitiva. Baseado na abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa, esse estudo foi pautado pelo método clínico. O procedimento adotado foi o Estudo de Casos Múltiplos, que permite a investigação sistemática e tão exaustiva quanto possível de casos individuais. Os participantes foram dois pré-adolescentes de classe média entre 11 e 13 anos de idade, uma do sexo feminino e outro de sexo masculino, e seus pais. Cada pré-adolescente e seus pais foram considerados um caso. Eles foram at