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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Les méthyltransférases de la coiffe du MERS-CoV : étude fonctionnelle et recherches d'inhibiteurs / Cap methyltransferases of MERS-CoV : functional study and inhibitors searchs

Aouadi, Wahiba 07 July 2017 (has links)
Mon travail de thèse s’est focalisé sur l’étude fonctionnelle de deux méthyltransférases (MTases) de la structure coiffe des ARNs, les protéines nsp14 et nsp16, chez le coronavirus responsable du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (MERS-CoV). Notre étude a démonté un processus de méthylation séquentiel. La coiffe est d’abord méthylée en position N7 par nsp14 formant la coiffe-0 (7mGpppN). La coiffe-0 est ensuite méthylée en position 2’OH du premier nucléotide de l’ARN par nsp16 stimulée par nsp10 formant une coiffe 1 (7mGpppN2’Om). De plus, nos résultats suggèrent un mécanisme de régulation allostérique de l’activité de nsp16 par nsp10. Nos résultats indiquent que l’interaction nsp10/nsp16 est régulée par la variation de concentration du SAM et/ou de SAH. Le SAM présent à une concentration physiologique, environ 100 µM dans les cellules, favorise l’assemblage du complexe nsp10/nsp16. La faible concentration intracellulaire du SAH produit accélère la dissociation du complexe nsp10/nsp16 permettant le « turnover » de la réaction enzymatique. Par ailleurs, nous avons cartographié les résidus essentiels au recrutement de l’ARN par nsp16. Les méthylations étudiées jouent un rôle important dans la réplication virale. Nous avons donc criblé des inhibiteurs des deux MTases nsp14 et nsp10/nsp16 respectivement à partir des chimiothèques « Prestwick » et « 2P2I3D ». En résumé, mon travail de thèse a décortiqué les bases moléculaires de méthylation de la coiffe chez le MERS-CoV et a permis d’identifier des inhibiteurs de MTases représentant un point de départ crucial pour le développement d’antiviraux contre les CoV. / My PhD work focused on the functional study of two cap RNA methyltransferases (MTases), nsp14 and nsp16, of the Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Our study demonstrates a sequential methylation process. The cap is first methylated at the N7 position by nsp14 forming a cap-0 (7mGpppN). It is next methylated at the 2’OH position of the first transcribed nucleotide by nsp16 stimulated by nsp10 forming a cap-1 (7mGpppN2’Om). Furthermore, our results suggest an allosteric regulation mechanism of the nsp16 activity by nsp10. Moreover, our results indicate that the nsp10/nsp16 interaction is regulated by the variation of SAM and/or SAH concentration. SAM present at physiologic concentration, around 100µM in cells, enhances the assembly of nsp10/nsp16. The weak intracellular concentration of SAH by-product speeds up the dissociation of nsp10/nsp16 allowing the enzymatic reaction turnover. In addition, we have mapped the essential residues for the recruitment of the RNA by nsp16. The methylations studied in this work play an important role for viral replication. We have therefore screened inhibitors of nsp14 and nsp10/nsp16 MTases respectively from chemical libraries « Prestwick » and « 2P2I3D ». In summary, my PhD work deciphers the molecular bases of cap RNA methylation of MERS-CoV and identifies MTase inhibitors that represent a crucial starting point for the development of antivirals against CoV.
2

Respiratory Therapists’ Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes Regarding MERS-CoV Disasters

Alruwaili, Naif 13 November 2015 (has links)
To understand the impact of recurrent pandemics such as MERS-CoV on Respiratory Therapists (RTs) behavior and commitment has become an extremely important and relevant exercise because of the unprecedented MERS-CoV occurrences in Saudi Arabia. The purpose of this study was to assess RTs knowledge, attitudes, and skills, in order to examine the differences in RTs readiness level, training status, and the association and during MERS-CoV disasters. Method used Cross-sectional survey. A web-link survey was emailed to Saudi Society for Respiratory Care (SSRC) members, (N 750). The survey consisted of two parts: knowledge, skills, and attitudes, and the readiness to come to work. Data was collected and analyzed using SPSS 23.0. Findings showed a significant difference between the different levels of work positions (p = 0.027), a gender and work position (p = 0.012). There was a significant moderate correlation between readiness to work and knowledge (r = .407, p < 0.05), a significant low correlation between readiness to work and skills (r = 0.261, p = .05). There was a significant substantial correlation between skills and knowledge (r = .521, p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study showed the importance of establishes effective disaster health bureaucracy by performs periodic health policy analysis for epidemic and pandemic influenza. It called for planning, preparedness to respond effectively using all hazard-approach for potential influenza disasters. It revealed the significance of capability building for first line responders in term of HCWs Check-list education and training programs. Moreover, it supported the establishment of independent local CDC and Disaster Management panel. It recommended flexible bureaucracy and leadership enhancement for HCWs strike teams to increase likelihood success in response for unconventional scenarios.
3

La lutte pour l'espace caraïbe et la façade atlantique de l' Amérique centrale et du Sud : 1672-1763... /

Buchet, Christian, January 1991 (has links)
Th. État--Histoire--Paris 4, 1990. / Contient un choix de documents. Notes bibliogr.
4

Využití MERS obvodu v silnoproudé elektrotechnice / Utilization of MERS in heavy current engineering

Vetiška, Vojtěch January 2011 (has links)
This graduation thesis is aimed in usage of MERS circuits in high-current electroengineering. The MERS circuit is a serial variable capacitor which capacity is possible to change by the help of switching of semiconductor components. On beginning of the thesis I shall acquaint you with usage of the MERS circuit. It will be sketched out their basic circuitry, the operating method, possibilities of transistors switching and calculation of the capacity capacitors for particular controlling method. On the prepared device we shall accomplish the predefined measurement. Furthermore we shall create the simulation by means of the Matlab programme. In the end we shall compare the results of the simulation with measured values.
5

”Avbokningarna rasade in, vi gick från 150 lunchgäster till 40 på en dag” : Restauratörers perspektiv på hur covid-19 har påverkat hotellrestauranger

Nocky, Angelika, Lundberg, Johanna January 2020 (has links)
No description available.
6

Health Crisis in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Study of Saudis’ Knowledge of Coronavirus, Attitudes toward the Ministry of Health’s Coronavirus Preventive Campaigns, and Trust in Coronavirus Messages in the Media

Alsulaiman, Saud Abdulaziz 17 April 2018 (has links)
No description available.
7

Dans les abysses du transcriptome : découverte de nouveaux biomarqueurs de cellules souches mésenchymateuses par analyse approfondie du RNAseq / In the abyss of the transcriptome : discovery of new biomarkers of mesenchymal stem cells by in-depth analysis of RNAseq

Riquier, Sébastien 04 February 2019 (has links)
Le développement du séquençage ARN, ou RNAseq, a permis l'essor de la recherche intensive de biomarqueurs dans de nombreux domaines de la biologie. L’information complète du transcriptome contenue dans les données de sorties, permet à un bioinformaticien assidu de dépasser les connaissances actuelles et d’accéder, grâce à des pipelines informatiques avancés, à d’innombrables signatures d’intérêts inédites. Dans cette thèse nous mettons en avant que ces marqueurs potentiels, essentiellement explorés pour répondre à des problématiques clinique en conditions pathologiques, peuvent être utilisés pour affiner la caractérisation de types de cellules sans marqueurs strictement spécifiques. Nous nous sommes intéressés aux cellules souches mésenchymateuses (MSCs), un type de cellules souches adultes multipotentes, fortement utilisées en clinique mais ne possédant pas de marqueurs positifs strictement spécifiques.Notre étude se concentre sur la recherche des ARN longs non-codants non annotés. Ces ARNs, aussi nommés "lncRNA", constituent une classe émergente de transcrits encore peu explorée à ce jour. De plus, cette catégorie démontre une spécificité conditionnelle et tissulaire élevée. Nous avons élaboré un pipeline d’analyse RNAseq optimisé pour la reconstruction et la quantification de lncRNAs non annotés.En utilisant les données publiques de RNAseq, venant de différentes sources de MSCs et d'autres types de cellules, nous avons identifié de nouveaux lncRNA non annotés exprimés spécifiquement dans les MSCs.Nous avons développé pour ce projet Kmerator.jl, un outil qui permet de décomposer un transcrit en sous séquences spécifiques (k-mers) afin de chercher et quantifier plus rapidement la signature de nos candidats dans un grand nombre de données RNAseq. Kmerator a également été utilisé dans d'autres applications pour tester la qualité des données RNA-seq disponibles en accés public.Après validation de ces nouveaux biomarqueurs de MSCs par qPCR, nous avons eu recours à plusieurs outils informatiques pour prédire leurs fonctions potentielles. Enfin, nous avons analysé des données RNAseq « single-cell » pour aborder l’hétérogénéité d’expression au sein des populations MSCs. / The development of RNA sequencing, or RNAseq, have opened the path of intensive biomarkers research in many areas of biology. The complete information of the transcriptome contained in the output data, allows a bioinformatician to surpass the current knowledge and to access, thanks to advanced computer pipelines, to signatures of new interest. In this thesis, we are showing that these potential markers, classically used in clinical and pathological conditions, can be used to characterize cell types without extensive markers profile. We have studied mesenchymal stem cells, a type of adult multipotent stem cells, strongly used in clinics but without strickly specific positive markers. Our study mainly focuses on the search for non-annotated, long non-coding RNAs. These RNAs, also called "lncRNA", constitute an emerging class of transcripts and are still lightly explored.In addition, this category presents a highly tissue-related specificity. We have developed an optimized RNAseq pipeline for the reconstruction and quantification of non-annotated lncRNAs.Using public data from RNAseq, coming from different sources of MSC and other cell types, we have identified new non-annotated lncRNAs clearly and specifically expressed in MSCs. to complete this project, we developed Kmerator.jl, a bioinformatical tool that allows to decompose a transcript in k-mer, and select specific sub-sequences, in order to search and quantify at a faster rate the signature of our candidates in a large number of RNAseq dataset. After validation of these new biomarkers of MSCs by qPCR, we used several computer tools to predict their potential functions. Finally, we analyzed single-cell RNAseq data to address the heterogeneity of expression within MSC populations.
8

Untersuchung des Infektionsverhaltens verschiedener respiratorischer Viren in humanem ex vivo kultiviertem Lungengewebe

Becher, Anne 23 September 2015 (has links)
Mechanismen, die zur unterschiedlichen Pathogenität niedrig- und hochpathogener aviärer und humanpathogener Influenzaviren im Menschen beitragen, sind bisher nur ansatzweise verstanden. Auch sind Pathomechanismen, die der Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-CoV-Infektion zu Grunde liegen, bisher weitgehend unbekannt. In dieser Arbeit wurde ein humanes ex vivo Lungenkulturmodell für die Untersuchung der Influenzavirus- und der MERS-CoV-Infektion etabliert. Dabei wurde die Replikationsfähigkeit und der Zelltropismus der Viren systematisch verglichen. Während hochpathogene aviäre, saisonale und pandemische Influenzaviren effizient in der humanen Lunge replizierten, konnten sich niedrigpathogene aviäre Viren und ein porcines Virus kaum vermehren. Alle Viren zeigten jedoch den gleichen Zelltropismus und infizierten im Alveolarepithel ausschließlich Typ II Zellen. Die unterschiedliche Pathogenität dieser Viren lässt sich daher nicht durch Unterschiede im Zelltropismus erklären. Gleichwohl konnte der humane und der aviäre Influenzavirusrezeptor sowohl auf Typ II als auch auf Typ I Zellen nachgewiesen werden. Niedrigpathogene aviäre Influenzaviren sind in der humanen Lunge durch die Freisetzung von zum größten Teil nicht infektiösen Viruspartikeln restringiert. MERS-CoV replizierte in humanem Lungengewebe mit ähnlicher Kinetik wie ein hochpathogenes H5N1 Virus. MERS-CoV Antigen war sowohl im Bronchialepithel, Alveolarepithel sowie im Endothel nachweisbar. Der funktionelle Rezeptors des MERS-CoV, die Dipeptidylpeptidase 4, wurde in allen infizierten Zelltypen sowie in Alveolarmakrophagen nachgewiesen. Die mikroskopische Analyse infizierter Gewebeproben weist zudem auf einen infektionsbedingten Alveolarschaden hin. Die Studie trägt wesentlich zum pathophysiologischen Verständnis pulmonaler Influenzavirus- und MERS-CoV-Infektionen bei. Das humane ex vivo Lungenkulturmodell stellt ein klinisch relevantes Modell zur Untersuchung respiratorischer Infektionen im Menschen dar. / Mechanisms contributing to the different pathogenicity of low and highly pathogenic avian and seasonal influenza viruses in humans are currently only partially understood. Furthermore, underlying pathological mechanisms of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-CoV infection in humans are widely unknown. In this study a human ex vivo lung culture model was established, which allowed investigating influenza virus and MERS-CoV infection. Replication and cellular tropism of the different viruses were compared systematically. While highly pathogenic avian, seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses replicated efficiently, low pathogenic avian viruses and a porcine virus propagated poorly. However, all viruses showed the same cellular tropism and infected only type II cells within the alveolar epithelium. Therefore, the different pathogenicity of these viruses cannot be attributed to different cellular tropisms. Nevertheless, the human and the avian influenza virus receptor could be detected on type II and type I cells. Low pathogenic avian influenza viruses are restricted in the human lung by the release of mostly non-infectious progeny virus particles. The MERS-CoV replicated with similar kinetics to a highly pathogenic H5N1 virus in the human lung. MERS-CoV antigen was detected in the bronchial epithelium, alveolar epithelium and endothelium. The functional receptor of MERS-CoV, dipeptidylpeptidase 4, was found in all infected cell types and in alveolar macrophages. Microscopic analysis of infected tissue samples indicated an alveolar damage provoked by MERS-CoV infection. This study contributes substantially to the pathophysiological understanding of the pulmonary influenza virus and MERS-CoV infection. The human ex vivo lung culture model represents a clinically relevant model to investigate human respiratory infections.
9

Développement de modèles spécifiques aux séquences génomique virales / Developing viral genomic data-specific classification models

Schmitt, Louise-Amelie 19 July 2017 (has links)
Le séquençage ADN d'échantillons complexes contenant plusieurs espèces est une technique de choix pour étudier le paysage viral d'un milieu donné. Or les génomes viraux sont difficiles à identifier, de par leur extrême variabilité et la relation étroite qu'ils entretiennent avec leurs hôtes. Nous proposons de nouvelles pistes de recherche pour apporter une solution spécifique aux séquences virales afin de répondre au besoin d'identification pour lequel les solutions génériques existantes n'apportent pas de réponse satisfaisante. / DNA sequencing of complex samples containing various living species is a choice approach to study the viral landscape of a given environment. Viral genomes are hard to identify due to their extreme variability and the tight relationship they have with their hosts. We hereby provide new leads for the development of a virusesspecific solution to the need for accurate identification that hasn't found a satisfactory solution in the existing universal software so far.
10

Röntgensjuksköterskans åtgärder för att förhindra smittspridning av coronavirus på röntgenavdelningen : En litteraturöversikt / The X-ray nurse's measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus in the radiology department : A literature review

Skått, Jessica, Engman, Pia January 2020 (has links)
Abstrakt Inledning: Nya coronavirus har under de senaste årtionden uppstått och bidragit till allvarliga luftvägssjukdomar. SARS-CoV-2 är det senaste coronaviruset och har brutit ut globalt som en pandemi. Sjukdomen har fått namnet COVID-19 och har orsakat ett högt antal dödsfall i många länder. Röntgensjuksköterskan är en av de första som träffar patienter med misstänkt eller bekräftad COVID-19 då röntgen är en viktig del i sjukdomens utredning. Striktare åtgärder måste vidtas för att förhindra smittspridning samt minska risken att fler människor insjuknar och dör. Syfte: Att kartlägga och sammanställa vilka förutsättningar som möjliggör röntgensjuksköterskans arbete med att förhindra smittspridningen av coronavirus på röntgenavdelningen. Metod: Examensarbetet genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt baserad på 13 vetenskapliga artiklar som söktes i Cinahl och PubMed. Resultat: Röntgensjuksköterskans åtgärder presenteras under tre teman: organisatoriska åtgärder, kompetensåtgärder för röntgensjuksköterskan och skyddsåtgärder mot viruset. Slutsats: Röntgensjuksköterskan riskerar att bli smittad och därmed föra smittan vidare till övriga samhället, så därför är det viktigt att korrekta skyddsåtgärder vidtas. För att minska smittspridning måste strikt införande av handhygien tillämpas och personlig skyddsutrustning som visir eller skyddsglasögon, ett N95 eller högre andningsskydd, skyddshandskar och långärmat förkläde användas. Coronaviruset utgör ett stort globalt hot mot folkhälsan och beslutsfattare måste förstå allvaret och påskynda striktare insatser, så att röntgensjuksköterskan kan hantera den pågående pandemin. / Abstract Introduction: Novel coronaviruses have emerged in recent decades and contributed to serious respiratory diseases. SARS-CoV-2 is the latest coronavirus and has spread around the world as a pandemic. The disease has been named COVID-19 and has caused a high number of deaths in many countries. The X-ray nurse is one of the first to see patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 as the X-ray examination is an important part of the disease investigation. Stricter measures must be taken to prevent the spread of infection and to reduce the risk of more people becoming ill and dying. Aim: To map and compile measures that the X-ray nurse can take to prevent the spread of coronavirus in the radiology department. Method: The degree project was conducted as a literature review based on 13 scientific articles searched in Cinahl and PubMed. Results: The X-ray nurse's measures are presented under three themes: organizational measures, competence measures for the X-ray nurse and protective measures against the virus. Conclusion: The X-ray nurse risks becoming infected and thus passing the infection on to the rest of society, therefore it is important that correct protective measures are taken. To reduce the spread of infection, strict hand hygiene requirements must be applied and personal protective equipment such as visors or goggles, an N95 or higher respiratory protection, protective gloves and a long-sleeved apron must be used. The coronavirus poses a major global threat to public health and policy makers need to understand the seriousness and accelerate stricter efforts so that the X-ray nurse can deal with the ongoing pandemic.

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