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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

Electrochemical Characterization of ex vivo Human Hepatic Tissues Containing Colorectal Metastases and Quantification of Spatial Error in Electrical Impedance Mapping of Soft Tissues

Karnes, Michael 08 June 2016 (has links)
No description available.
92

Anticolorectal cancer activity of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid

Cockbain, A.J., Volpato, Milène, Race, Amanda D., Munarini, A., Fazio, C., Belluzzi, A., Loadman, Paul, Toogood, G.J., Hull, M.A. 27 January 2014 (has links)
No / Background Oral administration of the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), as the free fatty acid (FFA), leads to EPA incorporation into, and reduced growth of, experimental colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM). Design: We performed a Phase II double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of EPA-FFA 2 g daily in patients undergoing liver resection surgery for CRCLM. The patients took EPA-FFA (n=43) or placebo (n=45) prior to surgery. The primary end-point was the CRCLM Ki67 proliferation index (PI). Secondary end-points included safety and tolerability of EPA-FFA, tumour fatty acid content and CD31-positive vascularity. We also analysed overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results The median (range) duration of EPA-FFA treatment was 30 (12–65) days. Treatment groups were well matched with no significant difference in disease burden at surgery or preoperative chemotherapy. EPA-FFA treatment was well tolerated with no excess of postoperative complications. Tumour tissue from EPA-FFA-treated patients demonstrated a 40% increase in EPA content (p=0.0008), no difference in Ki67 PI, but reduced vascularity in ‘EPA-naïve’ individuals (p=0.075). EPA-FFA also demonstrated antiangiogenic activity in vitro. In the first 18 months after CRCLM resection, EPA-FFA-treated individuals obtained OS benefit compared with placebo, although early CRC recurrence rates were similar. Conclusions EPA-FFA therapy is safe and well tolerated in patients with advanced CRC undergoing liver surgery. EPA-FFA may have antiangiogenic properties. Remarkably, limited preoperative treatment may provide postoperative OS benefit. Phase III clinical evaluation of prolonged EPA-FFA treatment in CRCLM patients is warranted. Trial Identifier: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01070355. / The Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Awards and Advisory Committee approved the Trial. PML and ADR were supported by Department of Health/Cancer Research UK Yorkshire Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre funding. The Trial was adopted by the UKCRN Clinical Trials Portfolio (UKCRN ID 8946) allowing West Yorkshire Comprehensive Local Research Network funding of Pharmacy costs. SLA Pharma AG funded some of the experimental work and provided EPA-FFA and placebo. SLA Pharma AG played no role in the design or execution of the Trial. Laboratory costs were also supported by the Leeds Teaching Hospitals Charitable Foundation (Rays of Hope).
93

TRPA1- FGFR2 binding event is a regulatory oncogenic driver modulated by miRNA-142-3p

Berrout, J., Kyriakopoulou, E., Moparthi, L., Hogea, A.S., Berrout, L., Ivan, C., Lorger, M., Boyle, J., Peers, C., Muench, S., Elies, Jacobo, Hu, X., Hurst, C., Hall, T., Umamaheswaran, S., Wesley, L., Gagea, M., Shires, M., Manfield, I., Knowles, M.A., Davies, S., Suhling, K., Gonzalez, Y.T., Carragher, N., Macleod, K., Abbott, N.J., Calin, G.A., Gamper, N., Zygmunt, P.M., Timsah, Z. 2017 October 1916 (has links)
Yes / Recent evidence suggests that the ion channel TRPA1 is implicated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) where its role and mechanism of action remain unknown. We have previously established that the membrane receptor FGFR2 drives LUAD progression through aberrant protein-protein interactions mediated via its C-terminal proline rich motif. Here, we report that the N-terminal ankyrin repeats of TRPA1 directly bind to the C-terminal proline rich motif of FGFR2 inducing the constitutive activation of the receptor, thereby prompting LUAD progression and metastasis. Furthermore, we show that upon metastasis to the brain, TRPA1 gets depleted, an effect triggered by the transfer of TRPA1-targeting exosomal microRNA (miRNA-142-3p) from brain astrocytes to cancer cells. This downregulation, in turn, inhibits TRPA1-mediated activation of FGFR2 hindering the metastatic process. Our study reveals a direct binding event and characterizes the role of TRPA1 ankyrin repeats in regulating FGFR2-driven oncogenic process; a mechanism that is hindered by miRNA-142-3p. / Faculty of Biological Sciences at the University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Seed Award, Royal Society Research Grant RG150100, MR/K021303/1, Swedish Research Council (2014-3801) and the Medical Faculty at Lund University.
94

The use of KRAS and CDK inhibitors in the treatment of brain metastases in pre-clinical models

Sadeh, Yinon 14 June 2024 (has links)
Brain metastases (BMs) present a formidable obstacle across various primary cancer types, notably small cell lung cancer (SCLC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), melanomas, and breast cancers. In this investigation, we aim to evaluate the potential of genotype-guided targeted therapy while addressing the challenges of co-existing genomic alterations frequently encountered in BMs. This research explores the efficacy of adagrasib (MRTX849), a KRAS G12C inhibitor, and abemaciclib, a CDK 4/6 inhibitor, both individually and in combination against BMs originating from NSCLC cell lines harboring KRAS G12C and CDKN2A mutations. Utilizing a diverse array of methodologies encompassing cell viability assays, cell death assays, western blot analyses, and in vivo xenograft models, we elucidate both the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms. Distinct responses to adagrasib and abemaciclib monotherapies were observed across two different cell lines, underscoring the necessity for tailored treatment strategies. While adagrasib exhibited variable efficacy, abemaciclib consistently inhibited CDK 4/6 activity. Notably, the combination therapy demonstrated synergistic effects, suggesting a promising approach for enhanced therapeutic outcomes. Our findings from both in vitro assays and western blot analyses corroborate targeted pathway inhibition, although the observed pathway reactivation underscores the importance of optimizing dosing strategies. In vivo studies further support our in vitro findings, demonstrating efficacy but also raising concerns regarding toxicity with combination therapy. Pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analyses underscore potential advantages of combination therapy in terms of systemic exposure and brain penetration. Despite histological evidence of therapeutic effects, discrepancies between in vivo and in vitro caspase-dependent apoptosis results highlight the complexity of tumor biology and the challenges of translation. By Focusing on personalized treatment approaches and addressing therapeutic hurdles, this work establishes the foundation for clinical investigation in advancing the management of BMs and improving treatment outcomes in NSCLC patients.
95

Prognosefaktoren und Indikationsstellung bei der Behandlung kolorektaler Lebermetastasen

Sammain, Simon Nadim 17 January 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die retrospektive Beurteilung der Sicherheit und Effektivität der Leberteilresektion bei der Behandlung von Lebermetastasen des kolorektalen Karzinoms sowie der Re-Resektion bei Patienten mit Rezidivlebermetastasen. Weiterhin soll das operative Vorgehen bei synchronen Lebermetastasen hinsichtlich simultaner Resektionsverfahren und zweizeitigen Vorgehens untersucht werden. Insgesamt wurden die Ergebnisse von 660 Patienten ausgewertet, die zwischen 1988 und 2004 mit 685 Leberteilresektionen behandelt wurden. Unter diesen waren 75 Patienten, die eine Re-Resektion erhielten sowie 202 Patienten, bei denen die Lebermetastasen synchron auftraten. Neben der Analyse der postoperativen Letalität und postoperativen Komplikationen sollen prognostische Faktoren für das Langzeitüberleben und das Auftreten von Tumorrezidiven nach Leberteilresektion identifiziert werden. Da sich die Studienpopulation aus einem Zeitraum von über 15 Jahren rekrutiert, sollen außerdem verschiedene Zeitabschnitte vergleichend analysiert werden. Die Leberteilresektion ist derzeit die einzige potentiell kurative Therapie bei kolorektalen Lebermetastasen. Als prognostisch günstige Parameter in der multivariaten Analyse zeigten sich die Radikalität des Eingriffes, die Anzahl der Metastasen, vorhandene ligamentäre Lymph-knotenmetastasen sowie das Jahr der Resektion. Auch bei Rezidiven kolorektaler Lebermetastasen ist das chirurgische Vorgehen derzeit die einzige kurative Intervention. Re-Resektionen weisen ein vergleichbares operatives Risiko und vergleichbare Langzeitüberlebensraten auf wie Erstresektionen. Als einziger prognostischer Parameter für das Langzeitüberleben erwies sich in der multivariaten Analyse die Radikalität des Eingriffes. Bei synchronen Lebermetastasen sind die wichtigsten Kriterien, um eine simultane Resektion durchzuführen, die Berücksichtigung des Alters sowie des Resektionsausmaßes. Simultane Resektionen sind bei synchronen kolorektalen Lebermetastasen dann so sicher und effizient durchführbar wie Resektionen im zweizeitigen Vorgehen.
96

Development of an On-line Planning and Delivery Technique for Radiotherapy of Spinal Metastases

Letourneau, Daniel 31 July 2008 (has links)
The objective of this work is to develop an on-line planning and delivery technique for palliative radiotherapy of spinal metastases using a linear accelerator capable of cone-beam CT (CBCT) imaging. This technique integrates all preparation and delivery steps into a single session equivalent to an initial treatment session. The key technical challenges pertaining to the development and implementation of this novel treatment technique are related to CBCT image performance, efficient system integration, development of on-line planning tools and design of novel quality assurance (QA) phantoms and processes. Hardware and software image corrections were first implemented to make CBCT images suitable for target definition and planning. These corrections reduced CBCT non-uniformity and improved CBCT-number accuracy. The on-line treatment technique workflow and the integration of all the subsystems involved in the process were assessed on a customized spine phantom constructed for the study. The challenges related to the routine QA of the highly integrated on-line treatment technique were addressed with the construction and validation of an integral test phantom. This phantom, which contains point detectors (diodes) allows for real-time QA of the entire image guidance, planning and treatment process in terms of dose delivery accuracy. The integral test phantom was also effective for the QA of high-dose, high-precision spinal radiosurgery. Simulation of the on-line treatment technique on patient data showed that the planning step was the one of the most time consuming tasks due predominantly to manual target definition. A semi-automatic method for detection and identification of vertebrae on CBCT images was developed and validated to streamline vertebra segmentation and improve the on-line treatment efficiency. With a single patient setup at the treatment unit, patient motion during the on-line process represents the main source of geometric uncertainty for dose delivery. Spine intra-fraction motion was assessed on CBCT for a group of 49 patients treated with a palliative intent. The use of surface marker tracking as a surrogate for spine motion was also evaluated. Finally, the complete on-line planning and delivery technique was implemented in a research ethics board (REB) approved clinical study at the Princess Margaret Hospital and 7 patients have been successfully treated at the time of this report with this novel treatment approach.
97

Carcinoma of Unknown Primary – an Orphan Disease?

Krämer, Alwin, Hübner, Gerdt, Schneeweiss, Andreas, Folprecht, Gunnar, Neben, Kai 05 March 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is an intriguing clinical finding that is defined as biopsy-proven metastasis from a malignancy in the absence of an identifiable primary site after a complete clinical work-up. CUP is a relatively common clinical entity, accounting for approximately 3–5% of all cancer diagnoses, and consists of a heterogeneous group of tumors that have acquired the capacity to metastasize before the development of a clinically evident primary lesion. Notable advances have been made over the past years in the treatment of well-defined clinical subgroups of CUP, such as women with peritoneal carcinomatosis and young adults with poorly differentiated carcinomas of midline distribution, but for the majority of patients, the prognosis still remains poor. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with CUP syndrome, and emphasize the importance of identifying several favorable subsets of CUP, amenable to specific treatment options. In addition, we will point out novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches which will hopefully improve both our understanding and the prognosis of this more or less neglected disease. / Unter dem Cancer of Unknown Primary (CUP)-Syndrom werden diejenigen Tumorerkrankungen zusammengefasst, bei denen auch nach Abschluss der Diagnostik nur Metastasen, jedoch kein Primärtumor gefunden wird. Das CUP-Syndrom macht ca. 3–5% aller neu diagnostizierten Malignomfälle aus und umfasst eine heterogene Gruppe von Tumoren, die die Fähigkeit zur Metastasierung erlangt haben bevor sich ein klinisch manifester Primärtumor entwickelt hat. Obwohl bemerkenswerte Fortschritte in der Behandlung von Patienten mit bestimmten, gut definierten Erkrankungssubgruppen, wie beispielsweise Frauen mit isolierter Peritonealkarzinose oder jungen Erwachsenen mit gering differenzierten Karzinomen mit Mittellinienverteilung, erzielt werden konnten, ist die Prognose bei der Mehrzahl der Patienten nach wie vor schlecht. Wir berichten im weiteren Verlauf dieser Übersichtsarbeit über Fortschritte in der Diagnostik und Therapie von Patienten mit CUPSyndrom und weisen darauf hin, dass es trotz der immer noch sehr schlechten Prognose von großer Bedeutung ist, Patienten mit bestimmten Subtypen des CUP-Syndroms zu identifizieren, die spezifischen Therapien mit der Option auf Heilung zugeführt werden sollten. Darüber hinaus möchten wir auf neuere diagnostische und therapeutische Bestrebungen aufmerksam machen, die das Verständnis und die Prognose dieses auch in der Onkologie bisher stiefmütterlich behandelten Krankheitsbildes hoffentlich verbessern werden. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
98

Etude du rôle des récepteurs de guidage axonal Robo1 et Robo4 dans la formation et le développement des métastases osseuses / Study of the role of axon guidance receptors Robo1 and Robo4 in the formation and development of bone metastases

Eckel, Bénédicte 12 December 2012 (has links)
Les métastases osseuses sont des complications fréquentes de nombreuses tumeurs solides et sontresponsables, sur le plan clinique, de fractures osseuses, d’hypercalcémie et de douleurs. A l’heure actuelle,il n’existe aucun traitement curatif ; la compréhension des mécanismes impliqués dans la formation et ledéveloppement des métastases osseuses est donc nécessaire afin d’envisager de nouvelles approchesthérapeutiques.Une analyse transcriptomique comparative entre une lignée humaine de cancer du sein, les MDA-MB-231, et leur sous-population ostéotropique, les B02, a montré une surexpression de composants de la voie designalisation Slit/Robo.Les récepteurs Robo et leurs ligands Slits, initialement identifiés comme facteurs clés du guidage axonal lorsdu développement, sont également impliqués dans la migration des cellules cancéreuses.Afin d’étudier le rôle de ces récepteurs Robo1 et 4 dans la dissémination métastatique à l’os, nousavons inhibé l’expression de ces gènes dans les cellules B02. Des expériences in vitro et in vivo montrentalors un rôle antagoniste de Robo1/4. En effet, l’inhibition de Robo1 augmente la croissance des tumeursprimaires, tandis que celle de Robo4 la diminue. Ces récepteurs régulent également différemment laformation de lésions ostéolytiques ainsi que la croissance tumorale de ces métastases. In vitro, l’absence deRobo1 augmente l’invasion, tandis que celle de Robo4 la diminue. Nous avons également montré quel’inhibition de Robo4 ralentit la colonisation de la moelle osseuse par les cellules B02 à des temps précoces.Enfin, l’étude d’une cohorte de patientes atteintes d’un cancer du sein montre une corrélation entrel’expression de Robo4 et la rechute métastatique osseuse.Cette étude montre l’implication de la voie Slit/Robo dans la dissémination métastatique à l’os, etsemble par conséquent constituer une approche thérapeutique judicieuse pour traiter ces métastases. / Bone metastases are a common complication of many solid tumors and are clinically responsible ofbone fractures, hypercalcemia, and pain. Currently, there is no curative treatment; understanding themechanisms involved in the formation and development of bone metastases is therefore necessary toconsider new therapeutic approaches.A comparative transcriptomic analysis between the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, andits osteotropic subpopulation, B02, has shown an up-regulation of Slit/Robo signaling pathway.Robo receptors and their ligands Slits were initially identified as key factors in axon guidance duringdevelopment. However, these proteins are also involved in the migration of cancer cells.To investigate the role of these receptors Robo1 and 4 in breast cancer bone metastasis, theexpression of these genes was inhibited in B02 cells. In vitro and in vivo experiments point out antagonisticrole of Robo1/4. Indeed, inhibition of Robo1 expression increases primary tumors growth, while Robo4invalidation reduces it. These receptors also differently regulate the formation of osteolytic lesions and extentof skeletal tumor burden. In vitro, Robo1 depletion induces an increased invasion, whereas Robo4 depletiondecreases it. We also showed that inhibition of Robo4 reduces survival and growth of B02 cells in the bonemarrow at early times of invasion. Finally, a cohort study of breast cancer patients shows a strong correlationbetween Robo4 expression and metastatic relapse in bone.This study shows the involvement of the Slit/Robo pathway in bone metastasis, and therefore seemsto be a judicious therapeutic approach to treat these metastases.
99

Application de la technique CellSearch® Veridex pour la détection de cellules tumorales dans les liquides biologiques chez les patients atteints de cancers / Application of CellSearch® Veridex technology for the detection of tumor cells in biological fluids in cancer patients

Tu, Qian 02 July 2015 (has links)
L’apparition de la technique CellSearch® a permis d’obtenir la sensibilité et la spécificité suffisantes et de détecter les CTCs en ciblant les marqueurs spécifiques dans le sang périphérique. Elle permet la numération et l’étude morphologique des CTCs qui est largement utilisée et validée. Nous décrivons une adaptation de la méthode CellSearch® pour détecter les cellules tumorale chez les LM (métastases leptoméningées) patients atteints de cancers du sein, du poumon et mélanomes, qui semble atteindre une sensibilité améliorée en comparaison avec la cytologie conventionnelle. Nous présentons également un cas clinique pour la détection de cellules tumorales dans l’ascite et du sang chez un patient avec le cancer de l’oesophage métastatique. De plus, la détection des cellules tumorales dans le redon chez les patients subis une chirurgie de la tête et du cou a été également réalisée. En utilisant cette méthode, les résultats sont non seulement quatitatifs, mais aussi quantitatifs avec des images numériques de chaque cellule, et des résultats séquentiels ont été étudiés chez certains patients atteints de cancer du sein, de cancer du poumon et de mélanome. Les données ont montré des changements dynamiques des nombres de cellules tumorales détectées dans le LCR, mais leurs corrélations avec la réponse au traitement ou la progression de la maladie ont besoin des études supplémentaires plus contrôlées avec une grande cohorte de patients. La mise en évidence de cette application serait importante en clinique pour le diagnostic, le pronostic et le traitement des patients atteints de cancer avec des métastases aux niveaux du SNC, du péritoine / The introduction of CellSearch® technology allows to give sufficient sensitivity and specificity and to detect CTCs targeting specific markers in peripheral blood. The enumeration and morphological study of CTCs are widely used and validated. We described an adaptation of the CellSearch® method to detect tumor cells in LM (leptomeningeal metastases) patients with breast cancer, lung cancer and melanoma, which appeared to achieve an improved sensitivity in comparison with conventional cytology. We also presented a case report for the detection of tumor cells in the ascites and blood of a patient with metastatic oesophageal cancer. Furthermore, the detection of tumor cells in aspirative drains after neck dissectionin from the patients undergoing surgery for head and neck cancer was also performed. Using this method, the results were not only quatitative but also quantitative with digital images of each cell, and sequential results were studied in some patients with breast cancer, lung cancer and melanoma. The data showed dynamic changes of the numbers of tumor cells detected in CSF, but their correlation with the response to treatment or disease progression need additional more controlled studies with a large cohort of patients. The application would be important for the clinical diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer patients with CNS metastases and peritoneal metastases
100

Einfluß des operativen Traumas auf die Entwicklung pulmonaler Metastasen bei hämatogen zirkulierenden Tumorzellen

Wildbrett, Peer 16 July 2003 (has links)
Hintergrund: In einer Vielzahl von Tierexperimenten konnte gezeigt werden, dass malignes Wachstum nach Laparotomie deutlich gesteigert sein kann. Die Mechanismen, welche dieser Beobachtung zugrunde liegen sind bisher nur ungenügend erforscht. Die Schwere des chirurgischen Traumas durch Verletzung der Bauchwand kann mit postoperativer pulmonarer Dysfunktion korrelieren und Änderungen im Hämostasesystem hervorrufen. Durch diese Beeinflussung von Organsystemen und funktionellen Systemen könnten intra- und/ oder postoperativ Bedingungen entstehen, welche das Wachstum pulmonaler, hämatogener Metastasen begünstigen. Die Hypothesen der vorliegenden Studie waren: (a) eine Reduktion des chirurgischen Traumas und (b) die Induktion einer spezifischen Immunantwort gegen die malignen Zellen führen zu einer signifikant geringeren pulmonalen Metastasierung. Beide Hypothesen wurden im Tiermodel getestet. Die Tumorzellen wurden intravenös verabreicht und bildeten pulmonale Metastasen. Methodik: In Studie 1 wurde die Inzidenz von Lungenmetastasen nach Laparotomie (OP) oder Anlage eines CO2 Pneumoperitoneums bestimmt. Insgesamt 60 Tiere wurden in 3 Gruppen aufgeteilt (n=20/Gruppe): Kontroll-Gruppe, Laparoskopie-Gruppe und Laparotomie-Gruppe. 1 x 105 TA3Haushka Adenocarcinom-Zellen wurden direkt im Anschluss an den Eingriff intravenös verabreicht. In Studie 2 wurde die Wirkung einer perioperativen Immunstimulation auf die Entstehung pulmonaler Metastasen untersucht. Insgesamt 100 Tiere wurden in 5 Gruppen aufgeteilt (n=20/Gruppe): Kontroll-Gruppe, Laparotomie-Gruppe (OP), OP + Monophosphoryl Lipid A (MPLA), OP + lysierte Tumorzellen (LTC), OP + MPLA + LTC. Das Vakzine bestand aus 5 x 105 lysierten TA3Ha Tumorzellen (LTC) und wurde fünfmal präoperativ und einmal postoperativ verabreicht. Monophosphoryl Lipid A, ein nichttoxisches Lipopolysaccharid-Derivat wurde in der OP + MPLA Gruppe als Immunstimulans und in der OP + MPLA + LTC Gruppe als Adjuvans verwendet. Allen Versuchstieren wurden analog zu Studie 1 105 TA3Haushka Adenocarcinom-Zellen direkt im Anschluss an den Eingriff verabreicht. Am 14. postoperativen Tag wurden die Tiere getötet, die Lungen entnommen und die Anzahl der pulmonalen Metastasen bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Studie1: Verglichen mit der Kontroll- und Laparoskopie-Gruppe entwickelten die Tiere der Laparotomie-Gruppe signifikant mehr Lungenmetastasen. Zwischen Kontroll- und Laparoskopie-Gruppe bestand kein statistischer Unterschied. Studie 2: Die Tiere der OP + LTC Gruppe und OP + LTC + MPLA Gruppe zeigten signifikant weniger pulmonale Metastasen im Vergleich zur OP Gruppe allein. Nur 30% der Tiere der OP + LTC + MPLA Gruppe entwickelten Lungentumoren. Im Gegensatz dazu traten bei 100% der Tiere der OP Gruppe Lungenmetastasen auf. Zusammenfassung: Das operative Trauma einer Laparotomie war assoziiert mit einer deutlich gesteigerten Inzidenz pulmonaler Metastasen. Die Induktion einer spezifischen Immunantwort gegen die intravenös verabreichten Tumorzellen bewirkte eine deutlich geringere Anzahl pulmonaler Metastasen. / Background: Subcutaneous tumor growth and establishment is increased after laparotomy; significantly smaller increases have been noted after CO2pneumoperitoneum (CO2 pneumo). Less is known about the impact of surgery on the fate of blood borne tumor cells. The extent of surgical abdominal wall trauma also correlates with the extent of early postoperative pulmonary dysfunction and changes of the haemostasis. These changes may favor lung metastases (mets) formation. This study's hypotheses were: (a) a reduction in surgical trauma or (b) a specific immune up-regulation would limit lung mets formation. An intravenous tumor cell injection lung met model was used to test these hypotheses. Methods: Study 1 determined the incidence of lung mets after sham laparotomy (OP) and CO2 pneumo. Three groups were studied (n=25/group): Anesthesia control (AC), CO2 pneumo, and OP. 1 x 105 TA3Haushka adenocarcinoma cells were inoculated via tail vein injection into all mice immediately after surgery. Study 2 determined the impact of perioperative immunomodulation on lung mets formation. Five groups were studied (n=20/group): AC, OP, OP + Monophosphoryl Lipid A (MPLA), OP + lysed tumor cells (LTC), or OP + MPLA + LTC. The vaccine consisted of 5 x 105 lysed TA3Ha tumor cells (LTC) and was given 5 times preop and once postop to the vaccine groups. MPLA, the nontoxic moiety of lipopolysaccharide, was used both as a vaccine adjuvant in the OP + MPLA + LTC group and as a nonspecific perioperative immune up-regulator in the OP + MPLA group. Five periop injections of MPLA were given to the OP + MPLA group. All mice were given tail vein injections of tumor cells after surgery. Fourteen days after surgery all mice were sacrificed, the lungs transected en bloc, and India ink injected into the trachea. The lungs were placed in Fekete's solution to counterstain the tumor foci white. The number of surface lung metastases was determined by two blinded observers, separately. Results: In Study 1, there were significantly more lung tumors in the OP group than the AC group or the CO2 Pneumo group.There were no significant differences in the number of metastases between the AC and the CO2 Pneumo groups or in the incidence of animals in each group with 1 or more lung mets. In Study 2 significantly fewer metastases were noted for the Op + LTC group and the OP + LTC + MPLA group when compared to the OP group. Significantly fewer of the OP + LTC + MPLA group mice developed one or more lung tumors than in the OP, OP + MPLA, and the OP + LTC groups. Conclusions: Full sham laparotomy was associated with more postoperative lung metastases than CO2 pneumo or anesthesia alone in this murine model. Up-regulation of the immune system in the perioperative period with lysed tumor cells, alone or in combination with MPLA, resulted in significantly fewer postoperative lung metastases.

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