Aufgrund der Möglichkeit, kontinuierlich Dehnungen messen zu können, bieten verteilte faseroptische Sensoren (DFOS) sowohl im Neubau als auch im Bestand enormes Potential im Bereich des Bauwerksmonitorings. Im Beitrag werden Belastungsversuche an einem alten Brückenträger des Typs BT 500 N bis an den Grenzzustand der Tragfähigkeit vorgestellt. Die mittels DFOS gemessenen Bauteildehnungen und ermittelten Rissbreiten werden mit einer photogrammetrischen Messung (DIC) verglichen. Die Potentiale beider Messtechniken werden bei kleinen und großen Dehnungsniveaus gegenübergestellt. Aufgrund der erreichbaren Messlänge von bis zu 100 m und der hohen Ortsauflösung erweisen sich DFOS als prädestiniert für das Monitoring von Bauwerken. Existierende Herausforderungen im Bereich großer Dehnungen und Rissbreiten werden diskutiert.

[pt] O objetivo da dissertação é avaliar a gestão da função metrológica em uma unidade de exploração e produção de óleo e gás de uma grande empresa de energia no Brasil e propor ações de melhoria a partir dos resultados do diagnóstico da referida função. Desde a emissão da Portaria Conjunta n°1 ANP/Inmetro, em junho de 2000, as atividades de exploração e produção de petróleo e gás natural no Brasil passaram por um acelerado processo de reestruturação organizacional e de adequação das instalações de medição para atender ao novo marco regulatório. Nesse contexto, a motivação da pesquisa vincula-se a uma real necessidade de melhoria da gestão da função metrológica em uma unidade de exploração e produção de óleo e gás natural da Petrobras, particularmente no que tange à consolidação da cultura metrológica e ao desenvolvimento de competências associadas a novos requisitos de medição de vazão de óleo e gás natural. A metodologia compreende: (i) pesquisa bibliográfica e documental sobre os temas centrais; (ii) proposição de modelo conceitual para avaliação da gestão da função metrológica; (iii) elaboração e aplicação do instrumento de pesquisa; (iv) estudo de caso da Unidade de Operações de Exploração e Produção da Petrobras no Espírito Santo e de quatro unidades incorporadas ao caso; (v) proposição de ações frente aos desafios e oportunidades reveladas no diagnóstico situacional. Destacam-se como resultados da pesquisa: (i) o modelo conceitual para avaliação da gestão da função metrológica, com foco na medição de vazão de óleo e gás natural; (ii) o diagnóstico da situação atual da gestão da função metrológica na referida Unidade e em quatro unidades incorporadas ao estudo de caso; (iii) mapeamento dos desafios e oportunidades associados à efetiva gestão da função metrológica nas unidades analisadas. Como conclusão, a pesquisa mostra que o modelo conceitual proposto foi adequado para os fins a que se destina, constituindo um importante instrumento de avaliação e retroalimentação para a gestão da função metrológica. Esse modelo poderá ser disseminado em outros contextos organizacionais de exploração e produção de óleo e gás natural. / [en] The objective of this dissertation is two-fold: (i) to assess the management of metrological function of an oil and gas exploration and production unit within a large energy enterprise in Brazil; and (ii) to propose recommendations for its improvement. Since the creation of Portaria Conjunta n 1 ANP/Inmetro, in June 2000, oil and gas exploration and production activities in Brazil have suffered an accelerated process of organizational reengineering and adapted all their measurement installations to attend the new regulatory framework. In this context, the motivation of this research arose from Petrobras’needs to have an assessment tool capable of measuring efficiency and efficacy of its metrological function, incorporating in the analytical framework elements concerning organizational culture and development of competences towards attendance of new metrological requirements. The methodology comprises: (i) bibliographic and documentary research on the central themes of dissertation; (ii) propose of a conceptual model for assess metrological function management, which links theoretical approaches reviewed; (iii) development and application of a survey questionnaire, based on this conceptual framework; (iv) case study focusing on the metrological function at Exploration and Production Operational Unit of Espírito Santo and its four subunities; (v) formulation of improvement actions for Petrobras metrological function at the selected unities, and suggestions for future research and replication in other organizational contexts. As a conclusion, it can be said that the proposed assessment model fulfilled expectations and assumptions formulated at the very beginning of this research. According to the opinion of managers and teams involved, the model is an useful management and learning tool for improve the management of metrological function and has a large potential for replication in other organizational contexts from the empirical evidences achieved.

[pt] Metrologia: instrumento de cidadania configura um traçado crítico do estágio atual (1) da legislação brasileira vigente em metrologia e suas áreas correlatas e (2) do sistema educacional brasileiro em metrologia, ambas as temáticas entendidas como efetivos instrumentos orientados para o desenvolvimento da competitividade industrial e a consolidação da cidadania. O trabalho tem sua fundamentação no ideário filosófico contemporâneo, que volta a eleger o Homem e a qualidade de vida parâmetros e diferenciais competitivos nos processos de desenvolvimento lato sensu, quer econômico, quer social, político ou industrial. Na primeira vertente do trabalho, que trata da legislação em metrologia,determinou-se um corpus analítico que engloba (i) a Constituição Federal da República - a - Constituição cidadã -; (ii) o Código de Proteção e Defesa do Consumidor e (iii) o acervo da regulamentação técnica em metrologia, correlacionando-a com fatos marcantes da vida política e econômica do País. No que concerne a vertente da pesquisa que analisa a evolução do sistema educacional, são considerados aspectos críticos da pioneira experiência brasileira voltada à capacitação e à formação de profissionais em metrologia no País, em destaqu e: (i) programas e projetos de indução e consolidação da metrologia como instrumento assegurador da cidadania; (ii) o percurso evolutivo da educação formal em metrologia no contexto do sistema educacional brasileiro na conjuntura da consolidação da pósgraduação no País e (iii) de suas políticas industrial e de ciência e tecnologia.No contexto dessa ampla análise, focalizam-se os principais marcos de desenvolvimento industrial, impactos na competitividade e na construção da cidadania.Como conclusão, encaminham-se reflexões e proposições para a institucionalização das competências vigentes, para a congregação dos espaços congêneres e para o planejamento de metas de médio e longo prazo que assegurem o processo continuado de desenvolvimento da metrologia como agente desse processo global de transformação e de formação de cidadania. / [en] Metrology: an instrument for citizenship aims at reviewing the present stage (1) of the Brazilian legislation on metrology and its correlated areas and (2) of the Brazilian education system in metrology, both matters understood as effective instruments that addresses the development of the industrial competitiveness and the consolidation of citizenship in the country. The work is based on contemporary philosophical concepts that have once more elected Man and the quality of life as a parameter and a competitive differential in the developmental processes as a whole, whether they are of economic, social, political or industrial nature. Regarding the legislative content of the work, the corpus of the analysis proposes to encompass (i) the Federal Constitution of the Republic - the - Citizen Constitution -; (ii)the Consumer, Protection and Defense Code; (iii) the body of technical Metrology regulations, inter-correlating this specific legislation with remarkable political and economic al facts of the Brazilian History. With respect to the evolution of the Brazilian education system, critical aspects of the pioneer Brazilian experience devoted to the development of human resources in metrology and metrology-related areas are considered. The analysis also focus on (i)programs and projects for the induction and consolidation of metrology as an instrument that ensures citizenship; (ii) the course along which formal education in metrology has evolved in the context of the Brazilian educational system in view of the consolidation of the postgraduate courses in the Country and (iii) of its industrial and science and technology policies. Within this broad analysis, the major landmarks of industrial development and their impact on industrial competitiveness and on the construction of citizenship have been focused. In the conclusion, a few reflections have been put forward along with proposals to institutionalize the powers and responsibilities that are currently in force, to congregate correlated spaces, and to plan medium and long-term goals for the purpose of ensuring a continuous process for the development of metrology as an agent of this ongoing process of global change.

En biologie clinique, il est indispensable de disposer de mesures fiables et comparables dans le temps et entre les laboratoires afin de permettre un dépistage et un suivi appropriés des patients. Pour cela, il est indispensable d’établir leur traçabilité métrologique aux unités du système international notamment par des méthodes de référence primaires ou des matériaux de référence certifiés (MRC) d’ordre supérieur. Ces travaux de thèse ont consisté à développer et valider des méthodes de référence pour le cholestérol total, les triglycérides, le HDL-cholestérol et le LDL-cholestérol. Leur valeur ajoutée par rapport à une valeur consensuelle a été démontrée lors d’évaluations externes de la qualité. Elles ont également permis de certifier un MRC qui pourra être utilisé pour le contrôle qualité et/ou l’étalonnage des méthodes de routine. Nous avons montré que le MRC était commutable pour la plupart des méthodes de routine pour les différents biomarqueurs, ce qui a permis de l’utiliser pour évaluer leur justesse. Les méthodes de routine avaient généralement tendance à sous-estimer la concentration en triglycérides (en particulier aux valeurs basses) et à surestimer nettement la concentration de cholestérol total et de LDL-cholestérol (en particulier aux concentrations proches du seuil de décision clinique), ce qui se traduit par une augmentation du nombre de faux-positifs (patients traités à tort). Une approche de correction de non commutabilité a également été proposée afin de permettre l’utilisation de matériaux non commutables pour évaluer la justesse. Pour conclure, ces travaux ont démontré l’importance de disposer de méthodes de référence ainsi que de MRC commutables / Reliable measurements in medical biology are essential for early screening and appropriate follow-up of patients. Ensuring metrological traceability of clinical measurements to higher order reference methods or certified reference materials enables to obtain comparable results over time and between different laboratories that could use different methods to quantify the same biomarker.In this study, reference methods were developed and validated for lipid profile biomarkers (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, and LDL-C). Their value added in proficiency testing schemes was demonstrated against consensus mean. They were also used to characterize a certified reference material (CRM) that may be used both as quality control and/or calibrator of field methods. The CRM was shown to be commutable for most field methods and lipid profile biomarkers, which proved it was suitable to assess trueness. Results of our multicenter study showed that field methods tend to underestimate triglycerides (particularly at low concentrations) and overestimate total cholesterol and LDL-C (especially around the clinical threshold), resulting in false positives and significant patient misclassifications. An approach of non-commutanility correction was also presented to allow trueness assessment with non-commutable samples. In conclusion, this work highlights the importance of using reference methods and also commutable CRM to rigorously assess accuracy of field methods used in clinical laboratories

[pt] Apesar de seus muitos benefícios, uma das poucas desvantagens da tecnologia do semicondutor é a vulnerabilidade dos dispositivos de estado sólido à temperatura, sobretensões e sobre correntes. Mesmo os pulsos de tensão de energia muito baixos, podem produzir interferências e danos, às vezes com conseqüências de grande envergadura. Assim, enquanto a eletrônica é utilizada em mais e mais aplicações, a temperatura, a proteção contra sobretensão e a supressão de transientes transformam-se em fatores de suma importância para o desenvolvimento de um projeto. Os varistores provaram ser excelentes dispositivos protetores por causa da sua flexibilidade da aplicação e elevada confiabilidade. Os varistores do óxido do zinco (ZnO) são dispositivos eletrônicos de última geração, desenvolvidos para promover a proteção de circuitos elétricos contra a sobretensão, causada pelas descargas elétricas atmosféricas, tensões induzidas e manobras elétricas, e ideal para limitar a corrente de pico, bem como para absorver energia. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor uma metodologia para avaliação metrológica de varistores de óxido de zinco de média tensão, visando garantir o atendimento dos requisitos metrológicos para a proteção de circuitos elétricos, eletrônicos e de telecomunicações contra a sobretensão e supressão de transientes elétricos. Propõe-se ainda determinar a incerteza de medição dos parâmetros temperatura, tensão, corrente e resistência ôhmica de amostras comerciais de varistores de óxido de zinco. / [en] Despite its many benefits, one of the few disadvantages of semiconductor technology is the vulnerability of solid state devices to undesired increase in temperature, voltage and current . Even low voltage pulses can produce interference and damages with several consequences. Thus, as electronics are used in more and more applications, temperature, protection against surge and transient suppression are becoming factors of decisive importance in projects. Varistors have proven to be excellent protective devices due to their flexibility in applications and heightened trustworthiness. The zinc oxide varistors (ZnO) are state of the art electronic devices of last generation, developed to promote the protection of electric circuits against overvoltage, caused by atmospheric electric discharges, induced voltages and electric maneuvers, and suited to limit peak current, as well as absorbing energy. The purpose of this work is to propose a methodology for experimental characterization of zinc oxide varistors of average voltage, with the purpose of guarantee the attendance of the metrological requirements for protection of electric, electronic and telecommunication circuits against transient surges and suppression of electric transients. Uncertainty of measurement of the parameters temperature, voltage, current and ohmic resistance on commercial samples of zinc oxide varistors are also determined.

The goal of the thesis was applying multiparametric diagnostics to determine the state and wear of a high-speed milling machine. In the theoretical section, selected areas of multiparametric diagnostics have been described as well as a significant focus on vibrodiagnostics. The chosen methods for the practical section were incorporated into the group “metrological diagnostics”. Several different types of measurements have been performed on the designed test piece. The measurements were analyzed and lead to these specific results: a drawing of the test piece, a structured methodology for evaluating the test piece, recommendations for diagnostics of the specific machine, and proposals for the future development of the field of metrological diagnostics.

The aim of this thesis, which deals with the modernization of the Zeiss/Tesa device, which is designed to calibrate the gauge blocks, is to provide a detailed analysis of the current state of the art of this instrument and to search for gauge blocks calibration requirements. The introductory part of the thesis is devoted to the definition of basic metrological concepts and terms. One of the separate chapters contains a elaborate description of the Zeiss/Tesa device and the possibilities of its modernization. A qualified estimation of the measurement uncertainty is determined in the practical part of the thesis and a simulation of the measurement uncertainty is performed using the Monte Carlo method. The final chapter contains the technical documentation of the proposed modernization.

This diploma thesis deals with surface forming methods, especially accuracy and measurement of sheet metal bending on Van Mark brakes. The aim of the work was to make bends of samples in the range of 30 °, 60 °, 90 ° and 120 °. The size of the bend of the examined samples is influenced by the suspension of the sheet, which is not taken into account in the currently used type of protractor. The samples were then analyzed on two types of measuring devices - tactile and optical. After measuring, results were evaluated and plotted in the appropriate graphs. Based on the measurement results, a new type of protractor was designed, which will make the user's work easier and more efficient.

Das Rissverhalten von Stahlbeton wird maßgeblich durch die Verbundwirkung zwischen Bewehrung und Beton beeinflusst. Aktuelle Untersuchungen befassen sich mit der Rissbreitenentwicklung und Verbundspannungsverteilung unter Langzeitbelastung. Dabei werden verschiedene Betonsorten (fcm ≈ 30–70 MPa), drei unterschiedliche Probetypen sowie faseroptische Sensoren verwendet. In diesem Artikel sind der experimentelle und messtechnische Aufbau sowie die Ergebnisse der ersten Versuchsreihen im Vergleich zu bestehenden Verbundmodellen dargestellt. Darüber hinaus werden Einflüsse des Prüfkörpers und der Verbundlänge sowie die Möglichkeiten zur Erfassung des lokalen Verbundverhaltens mit faseroptischen Sensoren aufgezeigt.

L'arthrose (OA) est l’atteinte la plus répandue chez les animaux de compagnie et se manifeste par l'apparition de douleurs chroniques et d'incapacités fonctionnelles. En l’absence de remède, des composés comme les produits de santé naturels (PSN) ont gagné en popularité. Cette revue systématique, enregistrée sur PROSPERO (CRD42021279368), avait pour objectif d'examiner les preuves d’efficacité analgésique des PSN et de diffuser correctement les conclusions sur leur potentiel thérapeutique. Quatre bases de données bibliographiques ont été consultées pour identifier les études testant leur efficacité sur l'OA canine et féline, naturelle ou induite. Après sélection des résultats de recherche, les données de qualité et d’efficacité ont été extraites à l’aide d’une grille d’évaluation originale basée sur les directives ARRIVE, CONSORT et l’outil d’évaluation CAMARADES. Ces grilles ont été préalablement validées : validation apparente, de contenu (interne / externe) et de construit (reproductibilité, répétabilité, sensibilité). Un consensus de 3 évaluateurs, de niveau d’expertise différent, était obligatoire pour chaque score attribué aux données extraites. La méta-analyse montre des preuves solides d’efficacité des suppléments et des diètes thérapeutiques enrichies d’acides gras en oméga-3 dans le traitement de l’OA, et le cannabidiol présente des preuves prometteuses. Les formulations de sulfate de glucosamine/chondroïtine ne présentent toutefois aucun intérêt et ne doivent plus être recommandées dans la prise en charge thérapeutique de cette maladie articulaire dégénérative des animaux de compagnie. Les résultats obtenus soulignent un manque évident de preuves pour supporter la recommandation d’utilisation de nombreux nutraceutiques et dénotent la nécessité de mettre en place des procédures normalisées de bonne pratique clinique pour de futurs essais. / Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common disease in pets and manifests itself as chronic pain and functional disability. In the absence of a cure, compounds such as natural health products (NHPs) have gained popularity. This systematic review, registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021279368), aimed to examine the evidence for analgesic efficacy of NHPs and to properly disseminate findings on their therapeutic potential. Four bibliographic databases were searched to identify studies testing their efficacy in natural and induced canine and feline osteoarthritis. After selection of the search results, quality and efficacy data were extracted using an original evaluation grid based on the ARRIVE and CONSORT guidelines and the CAMARADES evaluation tool. The grids were previously validated: face, content (internal/external) and construct (reproducibility, repeatability, sensitivity) validation. A consensus of three evaluators, with different levels of expertise, was required for each score assigned to the extracted data. The meta-analysis shows strong evidence of efficacy in OA for omega-3 enriched supplements and therapeutic diets, while cannabidiol shows promising evidence. Glucosamine/chondroitin sulphate formulations are of no value and should no longer be recommended for the therapeutic management of OA in pets. The results highlight a clear lack of evidence to support the recommendation for use of many nutraceuticals and indicate the need for standardised good clinical practice procedures for future trials.