In today's use of digital services, we seamlessly perform lots of microinteractions. Mostly without noticing them. When analysing what's good or bad in interaction with digital services, it is common to focus only on the big functions and it is easy for the small, effective moments in a microinteraction to be overlooked. This study takes a closer look at the microinteractions found in digital applications. Specifically, user-triggered microinteractions. The purpose of the study is to gain a broader understanding of how these microinteractions are designed to affect the user experience and what emotions may arise during the encounter with a service by studying the hedonic and pragmatic qualities that can be found in service's microinteractions. In the study, we performed a systematic heuristic analysis of 60 microinteractions, selected from the Google Play Store's top list, where the microinteractions were assessed individually by the study's two authors using an analysis tool developed for the study. The results show that the most common hedonic qualities in design of microinteractions today meet the needs of autonomy, security and luxury. To fulfill these needs, the study shows a link between metaphorical design and a sense of security, minimalist design and luxury, as well as clear communication and autonomy. The three most common pragmatic qualities are consistency, recognition and metaphor, where the connections between design and quality are shown to be metaphorical design and consistency, as well as the location of the trigger and recognition.

This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of how microanimations contribute to enhancing user experiences in mobile interfaces. By examining how microanimations influence how users perceive mobile application interfaces, it is possible to comprehend the significance of dynamic visual feedback from interactions. Feedback can be animated in various ways and is present in multiple parts of an interface; therefore, we intend [JB1] to investigate how all microanimations affect the overall user experience. The methodology employed in this study is qualitative and based on triangulation, combining three different types of data to enhance result validity. The eight participants in the study engaged in A/B-testing of four applications. Version A included an interface with microanimations, while B lacked microanimations. All user tests were observed and documented. After each tested application, respondents completed a survey, resulting in a total of 64 surveys collected. After completing the tests and surveys, semi-structured interviews were conducted in forms of focus groups. The results imply that microanimations can enhance user experiences by providing user feedback, which for instance contributes to increased understanding and engagement among users. In some cases, the results suggest that microanimations can cognitively overload users if they are excessive and not sufficiently discreet.

För att klara Parisavtalets mål om att begränsa den globala uppvärmningen till 1,5 grader är transportsektorn en viktig faktor då den svarar för nära en fjärdedel av Europas växthusgasutsläpp. Användningen av energi från förnybara energikällor inom transport har ökat de senaste åren, med Sverige som bäst inom EU. Ökningen av elbilar i Sverige medför dock en belastning på nuvarande laddinfrastruktur. För att hitta laddplats kan bilens inbyggda navigator eller en navigeringstjänst som integreras med bilen via smartphone användas. Dessa alternativ fungerar dock först när resenären sitter i bilen, vilket gör att reseplanering i förväg försvåras. Denna studie undersöker hur planering och långresa med elbil kan underlättas via en tjänst som optimerar alternativa resvägar med stopp för snabbladdning. Studien genomfördes med mixade metoder och lades upp som en adaption av processen i Design Thinking. Genom funktionsanalys av fyra mobiltjänster nåddes insikt om att användare behöver ha god kännedom om fordonstekniska specifikationer för att tjänsterna ska fungera tillförlitligt. Med fokus på en aktivitets minsta beståndsdelar, beskrivna i Activity-centered design, formulerades ett lösningsförslag enligt principer funna i design av mikrointeraktioner. Den föreslagna lösningen i form av en digital prototyp utvärderades av sex deltagare genom en SUS (System Usability Scale)-enkät. Resultatet excellent är inte generaliserbart med tanke på det relativt sett låga deltagarantalet, men kan ändå antyda att elbilsresande kan förenklas via en mikrointeraktion där fordonets registreringsnummer anges för att automatiskt hämta fordonsdata. Sammantaget kan resultaten från studien bidra vid utveckling av tjänster för långresande med elbil riktade till en bredare allmänhet. Flera iterationer av designprocessen med observationer av användare, kvalitativa intervjuer och formativa utvärderingar skulle kunna ge bättre förståelse för användbarheten. / To reach the objectives of the Paris agreement, to limit global warming to 1,5 degrees, the transport sector is a key means by owing responsibility for nearly a quarter of Europe’s greenhouse gas emissions. The use of sustainable sources of energy has increased significantly in the transport sector over the recent years, where Sweden places itself in the lead. Though, the increase of battery electrical vehicles (BEV) in Sweden causes a considerable strain on the present charging infrastructure. To find charging stations; the traveler might use the built-in navigation system in the car, or by integrating a navigation system via a smartphone. Nevertheless, these possibilities are limited to in-car use thus making beforehand route planning difficult. This thesis investigates how planning and conducting a long journey with a BEV could be simplified by a service that optimizes alternative routes with fast charging breaks. The study was conducted using mixed methods and built on an adaptation of the process in Design Thinking. By examining four mobile services via functional analysis, insight was given on the need for the traveler to have thorough knowledge of vehicle specific technical data for the services to perform trustworthy. With focus on an activity’s smallest components, described in Activity-centered design, a solution proposal was formulated according to principles found in design of microinteractions. The suggested solution in the shape of an interactive prototype was evaluated by six participants via a SUS (System Usability Scale)-survey. The result excellent cannot be generalized due to the limited numbers of participants, though it clearly suggests that travel by BEV could be simplified and facilitated by a microinteraction that uses the license plate number to retrieve vehicle specific data. The overall results from the study could support development of services for traveling with BEV, aimed for a broader public. Several iterations of the design process with observation of users, qualitative interviews and formative evaluations could bring deeper understanding for the usability.

In recent years, the evolution of interactive technologies has taken a turn where the importance of user experience and satisfaction has become the center of attention. This research explores the relationship between the smallest interactive details in a digital design, and the user experience of it. The thesis focuses on understanding what factors, regarding the micro-interaction’s feedback, that affect the user experience and how these factors can later be used to effectively design micro- interactions. Micro-interactions are defined as small interactive details that respond to user interaction. The feedback of a micro-interaction is what visualizes that response to the user. Little research has been done on the feedback of micro- interactions and therefore this study aims to investigate the feedback’s capacity to influence the user experience of a digital interface.  The method of this study is of qualitative character and relies on triangulation where three different types of data were combined to increase the validity of the results. The 22 respondents participating in this study each answered 10 interview questions, 21 survey questions, and were observed while interacting with two different prototypes - one neutral and one with manipulated micro-interactions. The findings indicate that the feedback of micro-interactions strongly influences the user experience of a digital interface. These findings, combined with relevant research of this area, served as the academic foundation on which design factors were produced, and the research question was answered.