La forte croissance du marché des peintures en poudre nécessite le développement de nouvelles matières de charges compatibles, et notamment de grades de pigments aluminium spécifiques pour obtenir des effets métallisés intéressants. Pour ce faire, l'enrobage des pigments dans une couche polymère est une stratégie éprouvée. Cette étude a permis de montrer qu'un nouveau type de traitement simple et propre, en milieu aqueux, est possible grâce à l'utilisation d'un réactif qui joue un double rôle : les ions persulfate permettent, en effet, dans un premier temps d'inhiber la corrosion de l'aluminium par passivation, puis d'amorcer la réaction de polymérisation de monomères acryliques. La mise en oeuvre de conditions de réaction spécifiques permet alors de limiter l'agglomération des particules et de former une couche polymère homogène et uniforme garantissant des effets otiques optimaux. En ce qui concerne l'interaction entre persulfate et aluminium, nous avons mis en évidence une réaction d'oxydation par le persulfate. Son effet est croissant avec le rapport massique ions persulfates / aluminium et des conditions optimales ont été déterminées sur le grade de pigments étudié. Enfin un mécanisme a été proposé pour rendre compte des résultats obtenus lors des tests de dégazage (gassing), du suivi du ph et des observations en microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB).

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No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Isabel Silveira_biblioteca.pdf: 1234551 bytes, checksum: aaf3ef6192d3d3526d8658a30cc43dc3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / The purpose of this dissertation is to identify how the subculture belonging to the MMA influence in shaping the identity of their members, exploring the aspects related to the consumption as a vehicle for transmission of symbolic meanings. The theoretical foundation which has supported the research addresses issues discussed in the literature with regard to culture and consumption (Barbosa and Campbell, 2006; McCracken, 2003), the subcultures of consumption (Kozinets, 2001, Schouten and McAlexander, 1995), and to the process of identity formation through consumpt ion (Barbosa and Campbell, 2006; McCracken, 2003). This study has exploratory and an explanatory nature , searching through the ethnographic method to explore the cultural universe that works as the background of the questions addressed and then identify the factors that determine or contribute to the process of identity formation in a subculture of consumption. Data were collected over one year of field research, carried out in a martial arts academy in Rio de Janeiro. During the research , it was possible to collect informat ion about the day-by-day of members of this subculture and the relationships that are formed from this consumer activity. Also individual interviews were conducted from a semi-structured script, aiming at understanding how these consumers find themselves within the subculture and how interprets the MMA as a lifestyle and provider of values . 14 interviews were conducted with consumers both female and male, between the ages of 19 and 45 years living in the city of Rio de Janeiro, between January and November 2011. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, a qualitative research method was chose, focusing on the comprehension of the meanings of the facts, through analysis of small samples of the population, trying to understand the facts without necessarily measure them. The results showed that being part of a subculture doesn’t necessarily imply the creation of an identity based on the object of consume. Some steps need to be fulfilled, and in the case of MMA, not just the commitment: to be accepted by the group, demonstrate specific skills and make a proper use of the fight are, for example, basic requirements for achieving new positions within the subculture, and thus gain an identity representative of this group. / O objetivo desta dissertação é identificar de que forma o pertencimento à subcultura de MMA influencia na formação da identidade de seus membros, explorando os aspectos relacionados ao consumo como veículo de transmissão de significados simbólicos. O embasamento teórico que deu sustentação à pesquisa aborda questões discutidas pela literatura no que diz respeito à cultura e consumo (Barbosa e Campbell, 2006; McCracken, 2003), às subculturas de consumo (Kozinets, 2001; Schouten e McAlexander, 1995) e ao processo de formação da identidade por meio do consumo (Barbosa e Campbell, 2006; McCracken, 2003). Este estudo tem caráter explicativo e exploratório, buscando, através do método etnográfico, explorar o universo cultural que funciona como pano de fundo das questões abordadas para então identificar os fatores que determinam ou contribuem para o processo de formação de identidade em uma subcultura de consumo. Os dados foram coletados ao longo de 1 ano de pesquisa de campo, realizada em uma academia de artes marciais no Rio de Janeiro. Ao longo da pesquisa, foi possível coletar informações sobre o dia-a-dia dos membros desta subcultura e das relações que se formam a partir desta atividade. Também foram realizadas entrevistas individuais por meio de um roteiro semi-estruturado, visando a compreensão da forma como estes consumidores se vêem dentro da subcultura e como interpretam o MMA enquanto estilo de vida e provedor de valores. Foram realizadas 14 entrevistas junto a consumidores, tanto do sexo feminino quanto do masculino, entre idades de 19 e 45 anos, residentes na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, entre janeiro e novembro de 2011. Para que se pudesse atingir os objetivos propostos, optou-se por um método de pesquisa qualitativa, privilegiando assim a compreensão dos significados dos fatos, por meio da análise de pequenas amostras da população, procurando entender os fatos sem necessariamente mensurá-los. Os resultados demonstraram que fazer parte de uma subcultura não implica, necessariamente, na constituição de uma identidade baseada no objeto de consumo. Para tanto, algumas etapas precisam ser cumpridas, e no caso do MMA, não basta o empenho: ser aceito pelo grupo, demonstrar habilidades específicas e fazer um uso adequado da luta são, por exemplo, requisitos básicos para alcançar novas posições dentro da subcultura, e consequentemente, conquistar uma identidade representativa deste grupo.

Scholarly research has analyzed how female athletes use their social media platforms and how they are represented in news media coverage. However, no scholarly literature has specifically looked at Ronda Rousey, an American mixed martial artist. The current study used a quantitative content analysis to examine how Rousey has utilized her Twitter account as well as how local and national newspapers in the United States framed coverage of Rousey between 2014 to 2016. For the tweets, content, referring to pictures that Rousey posted, was the most popular category; the second most prevalent category was promotional, referring to tweets that promoted upcoming events or sponsorships. Rousey mainly used her Twitter to post pictures of herself and promote her personal brand. For the newspaper articles, the most frequently used frames were agency, powerless, and goals and ambitions. Two new frames emerged from the current study – fame, referring to Rousey’s film career, and relations, referring to Rousey’s personal life and relationships. The newspapers were predominantly neutral in their coverage of Rousey throughout the three-year study period. This case study is important because it found that Rousey was framed in a way that differed from previous research. The findings in this study demonstrate that Rousey was not marginalized in newspaper coverage or portrayed in a negative manner, as other female athletes have been in the past. Rather than focusing on her appearance or sexuality, the news coverage highlighted Rousey’s success and athletic achievements.

This is an early history of Mixed Martial Arts in America. It focuses primarily on the political campaign to ban the sport in the 1990s and the repercussions that campaign had on MMA itself. Furthermore, it examines the censorship of music and video games in the 1990s. The central argument of this work is that the political campaign to ban Mixed Martial Arts was part of a larger political movement to censor violent entertainment. Connections are shown in the actions and rhetoric of politicians who attacked music, video games and the Ultimate Fighting Championship on the grounds that it glorified violence. The political pressure exerted on the sport is largely responsible for the eventual success and widespread acceptance of MMA. The pressure forced the sport to regulate itself and transformed it into something more acceptable to mainstream America

Dynamic modelling and optimization of three different processes namely (a) bulk polymerization of styrene, (b) solution polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and (c) emulsion copolymerization of Styrene and MMA in batch and semi-batch reactors are the focus of this work. In this work, models are presented as sets of differential-algebraic equations describing the process. Different optimization problems such as (a) maximum conversion (Xn), (b) maximum number average molecular weight (Mn) and (c) minimum time to achieve the desired polymer molecular properties (defined as pre-specified values of monomer conversion and number average molecular weight) are formulated. Reactor temperature, jacket temperature, initial initiator concentration, monomer feed rate, initiator feed rate and surfactant feed rate are used as optimization variables in the optimization formulations. The dynamic optimization problems were converted into nonlinear programming problem using the CVP techniques which were solved using efficient SQP (Successive Quadratic Programming) method available within the gPROMS (general PROcess Modelling System) software. The process model used for bulk polystyrene polymerization in batch reactors, using 2, 2 azobisisobutyronitrile catalyst (AIBN) as initiator was improved by including the gel and glass effects. The results obtained from this work when compared with the previous study by other researcher which disregarded the gel and glass effect in their study which show that the batch time operation are significantly reduced while the amount of the initial initiator concentration required increases. Also, the termination rate constant decreases as the concentration of the mixture increases, resulting rapid monomer conversion. The process model used for solution polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in batch reactors, using AIBN as the initiator and Toluene as the solvent was improved by including the free volume theory to calculate the initiator efficiency, f. The effects of different f was examined and compared with previous work which used a constant value of f 0.53. The results of these studies show that initiator efficiency, f is not constant but decreases with the increase of monomer conversion along the process. The determination of optimal control trajectories for emulsion copolymerization of Styrene and MMA with the objective of maximizing the number average molecular weight (Mn) and overall conversion (Xn) were carried out in batch and semi-batch reactors. The initiator used in this work is Persulfate K2S2O8 and the surfactant is Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS). Reduction of the pre-batch time increases the Mn but decreases the conversion (Xn). The sooner the addition of monomer into the reactor, the earlier the growth of the polymer chain leading to higher Mn. Besides that, Mn also can be increased by decreasing the initial initiator concentration (Ci0). Less oligomeric radicals will be produced with low Ci0, leading to reduced polymerization loci thus lowering the overall conversion. On the other hand, increases of reaction temperature (Tr) will decrease the Mn since transfer coefficient is increased at higher Tr leading to increase of the monomeric radicals resulting in an increase in termination reaction.

Palladium complexes of bis(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)benzene (DTBPMB) show remarkably high activity as alkene methoxycarbonylation catalysts, in addition to numerous other catalytic conversions, and are currently being commercialised by Lucite in ethene methoxycarbonylation to methyl propanoate. Any large-scale exploitation of this catalyst system for heavier products, however, is likely to be hindered by catalyst-product separation problems common to homogeneous catalysts; hence modification of this catalyst system to allow facile product separation was investigated. Tethering of DTBPMB residues onto polystyrene via Suzuki-type coupling of suitable precursors onto bromopolystyrene and boronic acid functionalised polystyrene resins was investigated and the phosphine was successfully immobilised. Phosphination of the resins was not complete however and as such there is concern that other phosphine residues may be present which do not exhibit a bidentate binding motif. The synthesis of a potassium sulfonate derivative of DTBPMB (KBPMBS) was successful and immobilisation of this onto ion exchange resins was also investigated. Some preliminary results from studies into 1-octene methoxycarbonylation using palladium complexes of these resins were obtained. Supporting of this diphosphine onto silica via a sol-gel co-condensation methodology was also investigated; the synthesis of a suitably functionalised precursor containing a sulfonamide linkage was successful via protection of the diphosphine using borane. Although formation of the silica support was successful, attempts to deprotect the phosphine-borane resulted in cleavage of the ligand from the support. An alternative route to this supported ligand was attempted and others discussed. Synthesis of a suitable sol-gel precursor via alkene hydrosilation was also attempted and is discussed. Supporting of the sulfonated phosphine, KBPMBS onto silica functionalised with imidazolium tethered residues was also investigated, although complete leaching of the phosphine from the support by methanol washing was observed. Immobilisation of the synthesised KBPMBS ligand in an ionic liquid (IL) phase was investigated. Complex formation and catalytic activity were demonstrated and a positive effect on conversion was observed upon addition of carbon dioxide to the system; possibly due to the increased CO solubility within the IL phase. Efficient product separation from the IL-immobilised catalyst system was demonstrated, both by organic extraction and using supercritical carbon dioxide flow. However, poor catalyst stability under these conditions appears to present a barrier to recycling this system, with loss of conversion observed on catalyst recycling. Other attempts to immobilise the DTBPMB ligand are discussed and reduction of the sulfide derivative of DTBPMB was demonstrated using hexachlorodisilane, which could be used as a general synthetic strategy for protecting highly electron rich phosphines. It is possible that increasing the bulk of the DTBPMB ligand may increase catalyst stability and result in catalyst systems with higher turnover numbers. Therefore syntheses of bulky ligands based on the DTBPMB backbone were investigated. 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(di(tert-butyl)phosphinomethyl)benzene was successfully synthesised although palladium complexes of this showed no activity in catalytic methoxycarbonylation. Attempts to synthesise a related biphenyl-based tetraphosphine is also discussed, although isolation of this in a pure form was not achieved. Routes toward tetraphenyl and dimethyl-diphenyl functionalised derivatives of DTBPMB have also been explored, although only a monophosphine was isolated due to difficulties in obtaining an intermediate di(chloromethyl) precursor in both synthetic pathways, although this now appears to have been overcome.

Submitted by Kelson Anthony de Menezes (kelson@ucb.br) on 2016-11-03T12:31:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NathaliaFerreiraCamarcoDissertacao2016.pdf: 487096 bytes, checksum: 541fd08fa9f79c48d28bb15be0b9861d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-03T12:31:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NathaliaFerreiraCamarcoDissertacao2016.pdf: 487096 bytes, checksum: 541fd08fa9f79c48d28bb15be0b9861d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-11 / MMA championships are bounded by weight category. Athletes re usually mantain bodyweight above the limit of category and pratice rapid wight loss for the weight-in moment, with subsequent weight regain until the moment of the combat. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate hidration status, immue parameters, and isometric strenght in professional MMA fighters who underwent smaller (group 1, n = 6) or greater (group 2, n = 6 ) rapid weight loss in two momwnts: at weigh-in and immediately prior to the competition. We used blood tests to quantify the total and differential leukocyte count,, handgrip strength test and verified variation among the usual weight and weight at the time of the fight. Groups were divided establishing percentile 50%, considering delta perceptual of weight loss from the usual weight and weigh-in weight. Even after verify normality of the sample distributionby the Shapiro-Wilk test, we decided to use non-parametric statistical analysis, given the fact the sample size. We used Mann-Whitney test to verify thedifference between groups and Wilcoxon test to verify the difference between moments. . Values are expressed as median, mean ?? standard deviation. The median and the average percentage of weight loss delta are statistically different between the groups (p???0,05). Group 1: median = 5.54, mean = 6.45 ?? 3.98%, and Group 2: median = 12, 99, mean = 14.23 ?? 2.52%. The groups are homogeneous in the following variables: age (Group 1: median = 22, mean = 26.5 ?? 11.30 years; Group 2: median = 27, mean = 27.5 ?? 2.35 years); height (Group 1: median 174.5, mean = 176.8 ?? 0.06 cm; Group 2: median = 176, mean = 177.2 ?? 0.04 cm); BMI (Group 1: median = 25.17, mean = 25.23 ?? 2.71 kg / m 2, Group 2: median = 25, 06, mean = 25.54 ?? 1.26 kg / m2) body weight (Group 1: median 78.5, mean = 78.67 ?? 6.15 kg; Group 2: median 79.0, mean = 80.17 ?? 4,83kg). Between groups, we observed total leukocytes decreased in Group 1 (median = 8850, 11450 = maximum value, minimum value = 4850, mean = 8408.44 ?? 2585.6 mm3) compared to Group 2 ( median = 8300, maximum = 17400, minimum value = 4200, mean = 9208.3 ?? 4732.1 mm3) at the of weigh-in, with statistically significant difference (p <0.05).No significant differences between groups and moments were found for neutrophils, lymphocytes and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed on absolute and relative isometric handgrip strength between groups and moments. In conclusion, greater rapid wight loss can transiently downregulate immune parameters. We elucidate the needin of rules to determinate maximum values of weight loss and regain prior to championships. / As competi????es de MMA s??o delimitadas por categorias de peso. Grande parte dos atletas costuma manter seu peso corporal usual acima do limite da categoria que lutam, perdendo grande quantidade de peso para a pesagem, com subsequente recupera????o do peso perdido at?? o momento da luta. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar, no momento da pesagem e imediatamente anterior ?? competi????o, a hidrata????o, par??metros imunes, e desempenho em lutadores profissionais de MMA que realizaram perda de peso r??pida pr??-competitiva, em menor (Grupo 1, n = 6) ou maior (Grupo 2, n = 6) escala, por meio de an??lises sangu??neas para quantifica????o total e diferencial de leuc??citos, for??a de preens??o palmar e varia????o entre o peso usual e peso no momento da luta. A divis??o dos grupos foi feita estabelecendo percentil 50%, considerando o delta percentual de perda de peso entre o peso usual e peso de pesagem. Mesmo ap??s verifica????o da normalidade da distribui????o da amostra por meio do teste Shapiro Wilk optou-se por utilizar an??lise estat??stica n??o param??trica U de Mann-Whitney para verificar a diferen??a de m??dias entre os grupos e teste de Wilcoxon para verificar a diferen??a entre momentos, haja visto o tamanho da amostra. Os valores est??o expressos em mediana, m??dia ?? desvio padr??o. As medianas e as m??dias do delta percentual de perda de peso foram estatisticamente diferentes (p???0,05) entre os grupos, sendo que no Grupo 1: mediana = 5,54, m??dia = 6,45 ?? 3,98% e no Grupo 2: mediana = 12,99, m??dia = 14,23 ?? 2,52%. Os grupos apresentam valores homog??neos nas seguintes vari??veis: idade (Grupo 1: mediana = 22, m??dia = 26,5 ?? 11,30 anos; Grupo 2: mediana = 27, m??dia = 27,5 ?? 2,35 anos); estatura (Grupo 1: mediana = 174,5, m??dia = 176,8 ?? 0,06 cm; Grupo 2: mediana = 176, m??dia = 177,2 ?? 0,04 cm); IMC (Grupo 1: mediana = 25,17, m??dia = 25,23 ?? 2,71 kg/m2; Grupo 2: mediana = 25, 06, m??dia = 25,54 ?? 1,26 kg/m2), peso corporal usual (Grupo 1:mediana = 78,5, m??dia = 78,67 ?? 6,15 kg; Grupo 2:mediana = 79,0, m??dia = 80,17 ?? 4,83kg). Em compara????o entre os dois grupos, observou-se valores de leuc??citos totais diminu??dos no Grupo 1 (mediana = 8850, valor m??ximo = 11450, valor m??nimo = 4850, m??dia = 8408,44 ?? 2585,6 mm3) em rela????o ao Grupo 2 (mediana = 8300, valor m??ximo = 17400, valor m??nimo = 4200, m??dia = 9208,3 ?? 4732,1 mm3), no momento da pesagem, com diferen??a estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05) para os testes n??o param??tricos. Nos neutr??filos, linf??citos e raz??o neutr??filo/linf??cito n??o foram observadas diferen??as significativas entre os grupos e momentos. N??o foram observadas diferen??as significativas na for??a de preens??o palmar absoluta e relativa no dia da pesagem e luta entre os grupos nos momentos. Conclui-se que a perda de peso r??pida pode influenciar par??metros imunes de forma transit??ria. Salienta-se a import??ncia de regras que determinem valores m??ximos de perda e recupera????o de peso nos campeonatos.

TITLE: Strategic plan of association Vraťme dětem pohyb, z. s. OBJECTIVES: The diploma thesis examines the strategic management of a nonprofit sport organization, respectively long-term planning of association Vraťme dětem pohyb, z. s., goals are to characterize the organization and its products and to make a strategic analysis which will include an analysis of the internal and external environment as well as a comprehensive SWOT analysis of the organization. Strategic objectives and areas will be determined on the basis of the found information and will be subsequently solid in the proposal strategic plan of the organization. METHODS: This diploma thesis is concieved as applied research, a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods will be used for its purposes. The specific applied methods are observation, interviewing, questioninq, analysis of texts and documents, SWOT analysis, PORTER and PEST analysis. Design research, including research issues providing framework for the thesis are put in the relevant chapter. RESULTS: Within the framework of strategic analysis ware analysed internal and external environment and maked SWOT analysis of the organization. Subsequently was create strategic plan proposal of sports association plan Vraťme dětem pohyb for September 2018-2021. The following...

<p>The aims of this study were to document the levels of cobalamin, folate, methylmalonic acid (MMA) and total homocysteine (tHcy) in serum and their relations to symptoms, clinical findings, and other factors in order to improve the possibilities of detecting early deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate, and to study the effects of cobalamin and folic acid treatment over a three-year period.</p><p>The study population consisted of a 20% random sample of persons 70 years or older living in Älvkarleby in mid-Sweden. They were invited to a survey and 224 (88.4%) persons responded. Data were obtained by questionnaire, laboratory investigations and physical examination for the period 1993 – 1999.</p><p>In a multivariate analysis performed at baseline, serum MMA and tHcy were significantly and independently correlated to age, serum cobalamin, and creatinine levels, and tHcy also to sex and serum folate. Neither serum cobalamin, folate, MMA nor tHcy had any significant correlation to haemoglobin or mean red cell volume. Almost half of the study population had signs of low tissue levels of vitamin B12 or folate. Among those who took multivitamin preparations, the proportion was much lower, 25%.</p><p>Among traditional symptoms and clinical findings that have been linked to vitamin B12 or folate tissue deficiency, only changes in the tongue mucosa and mouth angle stomatitis were significantly associated with abnormal serum folate and tHcy levels. Traditional symptoms of vitamin deficiency may appear later in the course.</p><p>69 persons who had laboratory indications of early or overt tissue deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate and who had no ongoing vitamin treatment were given cobalamin for six months. Those whose MMA or tHcy levels did not normalise were given folic acid in addition to cobalamin. After further treatment for three months, all persons but one had normal levels. The laboratory effect still remained after three years of treatment. There was a tendency towards improvement of vibration sense, especially in the long nerve paths, and improvement of neurological symptoms and oral mucosa findings.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> A substantial proportion of elderly persons have laboratory signs of incipient tissue deficiency of vitamin B12 and folate. Treatment normalises lab parameters and some symptoms.</p>

Cobalamin (vitamin B12) is one of several essential micronutrients needed by the human organism. Other important micronutritients, which interplay with vitamin B12, are folate and iron. During the last ten years, the attention has been drawn to different forms of neurological disorders supposed to be caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 deficiency states are common among elderly patients in primary health care and sometimes in hospital care, especially in geriatric practice. This is a study to define the cobalamin treatment traditions, among Swedish physicians in the period 1990 – 2000. The period was distinguished by an intense debate on the issue by the physicians, an increase of cobalamin consumption, and a shift from parenteral therapy towards oral high-dose therapy. It had been known that symptoms of cobalamin deficiency could start in the nervous system. This knowledge was reinforced by the application of homocysteine and methyl-malonic acid (MMA) in deficiency diagnosis. Introduction of homocysteine and MMA in deficiency diagnosis changed the view on deficiency prevalence, by identifying persons at risk to develop B12 deficiency prior to established symptoms. In this study, Swedish physicians are regarded mainly as receivers of communication about the markers homocysteine and MMA, and deficiency states of cobalamin and folate. The main senders were scientists from North America, Norway, Denmark, and Sweden. This study sets the senders and the receivers of cobalamin communication on a collegial level and quantifies and evaluates the feed-back from the receivers. The receivers, gen¬eral practitioners and geriatricians, appeared to be familiar with old knowledge and frontier concepts in the field. Thus, it is suggested that the increase of B12 prescriptions in Sweden 1990 – 2000 reflected an increased awareness of B12-associated clinical problems among the physicians managing the majority of deficiency patients, although a possible overconsumption of pharmaceutical drugs must be kept in mind.