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Orientador: Felipe Fernandes Fanchini / Resumo: Na presente Tese realizou-se um estudo acerca das relações monogâmicas entre emaranhamento de formação (EF) e discórdia quântica (DQ) para sistemas quânticos multipartidos, bem como um estudo acerca da dinâmica dissipativa de operações lógicas de 1 (portas NOT e Z) e 2 (porta CNOT) qubits para uma computação quântica baseada em medidas projetivas (MBQC). Como resultado, expressões as quais generalizam relações de conservação entre EF e DQ puderam ser deduzidas, bem como relações de distribuição de DQ para sistemas de n partes. Ademais, ampliando os estudos referentes a sistemas multipartidos, uma pesquisa a respeito da influência dos canais amplitude damping (AD) e phase damping (PD) em uma MBQC considerando ambientes altamente não-Markovianos pôde ser desenvolvida. Nesse sentido, uma medida denominada fidelidade média (Fm) foi então proposta, a partir da qual expressões analíticas puderam ser deduzidas para os canais em questão, e sendo demonstrado que Fm resulta em valores idênticos para as portas X e Z. Além do mais, também foi possível realizar um estudo acerca dos tempos ótimos das medidas, segundo o qual pôde-se concluir que sua rápida execução não necessariamente implica em melhores resultados, tampouco sua lenta execução não necessariamente implica em piores. Nesse contexto, pôde-se também demonstrar que para o canal AD o conhecimento do mapa dissipativo já é o suficiente para intuitivamente determinar os melhores tempos de medidas, sendo que o mesmo não necessariamen... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In this work a study about the monogamous relations between entanglement of formation (EF) and quantum discord (QD) for multipartite quantum systems, as well the dissipative dynamics of 1 (NOT and Z gates) and 2 (CNOT gate) qubits for a measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) could be developed. As a result, expressions which generalize conservation laws between EF and DQ could be deduced, as well as DQ distribution laws for n part quantum systems. In addition, expanding the multipartite systems studies, a research about the influence of the amplitude damping (AD) and phase damping (PD) channels in an MBQC considering highly non-Markovian environments also could be developed. In this sense, a measure called average gate fidelity (Fm) was proposed, from which we deduce analytical expressions for the channels and show that it is identical for the X and Z gates. In addition, we conducted a study of the optimal measurement times, where we conclude that neither fast application of the projective measurements necessarily implies better results, nor slow application necessarily implies worse results. Furthermore, it was also possible to demonstrate that while for the AD the knowledge of the dissipative map is sufficient to determine the best measurement times, the same is not necessarily true for the PD, where the time of the set of measures becomes crucial since a phase error in one qubit can fix the phase error that takes place in another. Finally, a study was carried out on ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

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This bachelor thesis examines gender related jokes in Swedish outhouse books (dassböcker), and howwomen and men are constructed and portrayed in text and image between 2003-2020. Outhouse bookstypically consist of jokes based on stereotypes of women, men and other groups and are intended toamuse readers during visits to the outhouse or private toilet. I used critical analysis and queer theoryto examine assumptions regarding gender visible in the material. The analysis shows how Swedishouthouse books employ genusslentrianer, (unreflected and repeated gender stereotypes) in theirportrayal of women and men, constructing women as ’naturally’ responsible for unpaid labour in thehome, and reproductive work such as caring for children. Further, women and men are in the materialdepicted as opposites based on binary and essentialist assumptions about gender and gender roles, andthe material adopts a male gaze which portrays men as simple and women as (unnecessarily)complicated. The analysis makes visible normative assumptions about woman and men as cis,heterosexual, and aspiring to live in nuclear families. However, it also shows taken for granteddifferences between assumed male and female heterosexuality, constructing women as ’naturally’monogamous, while men are presumed to aspire to have multiple sex partners. Finally, in theirportrayal of gender and heteronormative gender roles, Swedish outhouse books establish men’sdiscrimination, objectification, and sexual abuse of women as not only normative gendered practices –but also as humorous.

The drivers of fidelity and divorce of pair-bonded individuals, along with their fitness consequences, are of great interest as they influence mating systems, population structure and productivity, and gene flow. Socially monogamous birds offer an ideal opportunity to study divorce since they show great variability in the extent to which pair bonds are maintained. However, there has been little consensus as to whether divorce is a behavioural adaptation to improve a mating situation, or a consequence of other processes. Moreover, the biological and ecological correlates of fidelity are difficult to address because previous work has been based on indirect and potentially biased methods. Finally, in terms of process, the link between the process of mate choice and subsequent mating decisions has been largely inaccessible to study. My doctoral thesis addressed these significant gaps in our understanding of cause, process and consequence in the formation and dissolution of pair bonds in socially monogamous birds. I accomplished this in three principal ways. First, I conducted a robust phylogenetic meta-analysis on 84 studies across 64 species to assess the existing empirical evidence that divorce in socially monogamous birds is adaptive (in terms of breeding success). This analysis revealed that divorce is, in general, adaptive as it is both triggered by relatively low breeding success and leads to improvement in success. Next, I developed a novel probabilistic multievent capture–mark–recapture framework that provides joint estimates of survival and fidelity while explicitly accounting for imperfect detection, capture heterogeneity, and uncertainty in pair status. By applying this model to breeding data on a wild great tit population I showed that birds that remain faithful to their partner exhibit higher survival rates and are more likely to remain faithful in the next breeding season than do birds that change partners. Subsequently, I confirmed the generality of a survival benefit by applying the model to breeding data on other tit populations. Then, by applying the model to data from a population of mute swans, I showed that fidelity decreases the likelihood of skipping breeding and mortality in this long-lived species, and that these effects depended on age, individual quality, and immigration status. Finally, I investigated how the timing of pair formation influences breeding success and divorce probability using five years of data on the over-winter social behaviour of great tits. I showed that early pair formation had a positive effect on fitness components, influencing the likelihood of divorce only indirectly, through breeding success. Further, my work revealed that males, but not females, with higher numbers of the female associates in winter, and males whose future breeding partners were ranked low amongst these, divorced more often. My research makes a significant contribution to our understanding of divorce and fidelity, and generates a number of important implications for future studies. First, my work establishes that divorce is adaptive for breeding success. Second, my results highlight that survival is an important (and likely, widespread) fitness consequence of pairing decisions. Third, I provide a novel statistically rigorous modelling framework for estimating fidelity-rates and testing hypothesis about fidelity that overcomes many of the inherent biases in traditional estimates. Fourth, it provides the first evidence for a selective advantage of early pair formation in wild, thus highlighting that there are benefits to pair familiarity that manifest via social associations of individuals prior to breeding. Finally, my work reveals the selective pressures operating via the social environment can ultimately influence the mating strategies individuals adopt.

La recherche en écologie comportementale est affectée par un biais notoire en faveur des oiseaux des zones tempérées, en dépit de la plus grande diversité des espèces tropicales et des conditions naturelles radicalement éloignées qui rendent les connaissances sur les espèces tempérées peu pertinentes pour les espèces tropicales.Nous proposons de combler le manque d’informations concernant les oiseaux tropicaux via l’étude d’une espèce socialement monogame, se reproduisant et défendant un territoire toute l’année, la Tourterelle à queue carrée, Zenaida aurita. Pour commencer, nous avons cherché à déterminer le caractère sexuellement mono- ou dichromatique de la coloration du plumage et si celui-ci reflétait la qualité individuelle. Nous avons ensuite exploré les patterns d’appariements au sein des couples selon le degré d’hétérozygotie et la taille du corps. Afin d’établir la force des liens du couple, nous avons évalué le taux de divorce, les hypothèses pouvant expliquer les cas répertoriés, et les conséquences du changement de partenaire. Ceci a été suivi par la caractérisation des rôles des sexes au sein des couples selon diverses activités. Des analyses de capture-marquage-recapture ont permis d’estimer le taux de survie ainsi que l’influence du degré d’hétérozygotie et de la taille de l’aile sur la survie. La Tourterelle à queue carrée paraît suivre les spécificités comportementales, écologiques et démographiques caractérisant les espèces tropicales à monogamie pérenne / Research in avian behavioral ecology is affected by a known bias in favour of temperate species despite the greatest diversity of tropical species and the radically remote natural conditions which make knowledge of temperate species hardly relevant to tropical species.We propose to reduce the lack of information about tropical birds through the study of a socially monogamous species, reproducing and defending an all-purpose territory all year round, the Zenaida dove, Zenaida aurita. We used monitoring data from a population of ringed birds in Barbados for six years. First, we focused on plumage coloration both to ascertain their sexually mono- or dichromatic nature and whether plumage colour reflects individual quality. We then explored pairing patterns in relation to genome-wide heterozygosity and body size (tarsus length, wing chord). To determine the strength of pair bonding, we assessed divorce rate, evaluated which hypotheses could explain divorce cases and listed the consequences of mate loss and mate switching. It was followed by the characterization of sex roles within pairs during various activities (singing, nest building, juvenile care, territorial defence). Capture-mark-recapture analysis allowed us to estimate survival rate as well as influence of heterozygosity degree and wing chord on individual survival. Zenaida dove appears to conform to the behavioral, ecological and demographic features characterizing tropical species with perennial monogamy

隨著西方工業革命之後「第二現代」社會的來臨，人們越來越關注自身，親密關係轉而成為個人日常生活中最重要的事務之一，親密關係也逐漸擺脫外在社會的約束，而將其基礎置於關係之中兩人對彼此的承諾上。這樣的特性，符合了英國社會學家Antony Gddens所謂民主化發展的「純粹關係」。本研究從社會學的角度，透過質性研究方法，以理解個人在現代社會中實踐多重親密關係之特性與其意義。 研究結果指出，臺灣現代社會的親密關係正邁向Giddens所指之「匯流愛」的發展趨勢，並有著下列幾個特點：第一，現代社會環境所組成的機會結構，暗助多重親密關係的醞釀與發展：；第二，「曖昧」是為多重親密關係逾越社會對於親密關係規範的跳板；第三，多重親密關係更能使當事人滿足自我；第四，實踐多重親密關係具有「堅守一對一」與「被揭穿」的雙重風險；第五，經濟與性別在多重親密關係的脫勾性。 然而，正處於轉型期的臺灣社會，多重親密關係的實踐仍面臨父權社會殘留與新舊價值的衝突現象。於是，我們也同時從經驗資料中發現類似英國社會學家Jamieson對Gidden論述的質疑，包括：第一，「性別」在多重親密關係中是最終的影響變數；第二，自我內在對於實踐多重親密關係所存在的矛盾感；第三，「一對一關係」的交往規則對多重親密關係來說，具有「限制」與「機會」的雙重意義；第四，現代社會下的「婚姻制度」對親密關係來說是更嚴格的「遊戲規則」，但卻也是多重親密關係的實踐者願意接受的遊戲方式。 / After the western Industrial Revolution comes the so-called “second modernity.” As people are more concerned about themselves, they cherish intimate relationships much more in their daily life. Intimate relationships have thus disposed of external social control and focused more on the promise between two lovers. This feature is similar to the democratization of pure relationships presented by English sociologist Antony Giddens. From a sociological perspective and through qualitative research methods, this study aims at understanding the characteristics and meanings of multiple intimate relationships as well as the individuals practicing multiple intimate relationships in modern Taiwan. The findings show that intimate relationships in the modern Taiwan society are approaching the “confluent love” stated by Giddens. Multiple intimate relationships are found in this study to carry five characteristics. First, the opportunity structure in modern society facilitates the fermentation and practice of multiple intimate relationships. Second, dubious relationships serve as a jumping board for individuals to bypass the social canons of intimate relationships. Third, people are more satisfied by involving in multiple intimate relationships. Fourth, the double risks of practicing multiple intimate relationships involve the risk for keeping monogamy and the risk for revealing the practicing multiple intimate relationships. Fifth, there is a disjunction between economy and gender in multiple intimate relationships. As Taiwan go through social transformations, the practice of multiple intimate relationships nevertheless remains controversial in a society in which the patriarchic elments remains and the modern values are in conflict with the traditional ones. The empirical evidence demonstrated in this study supports some challenges raised by English sociologist Lynn Jamieson to Giddens’ arguments. First, gender still serves as an ultimate variable in affecting the practice of multiple intimate relationships. Second, individuals often experience a dilemma between a sense of guilt and the pursuit of gratification in maintaining multiple intimate relationships. Third, monogamy implicates both a restraint and an opportunity to develop multiple intimate relationships. Fourth, in the “game” of intimate relationships, the marital system is considered a stricter rule and yet individuals practicing multiple intimate relationships are willing to accept it.

Nights in The City Beautiful is a collection of confessional, free verse poems that explores sexual trauma, mental health, the exigencies of marriage, and the complexities of human desire. These interconnected poems are grounded with a braided narrative and tackle taboo themes. In Part 1: Monogamy, the reader journeys into the world of Vincent and Victoria, their profound love, and their anxiety disorders. In Part 2: Polyamory, Victoria gets caught in a love triangle when she meets her publishing coworker, Peter Langley. The book evokes the movement of Romanticism and first-and-second-generation Romantic poets such as William Blake and Lord Byron. Contemporary influences on this collection include Aaron Smith’s Primer, Stacey Waite’s Butch Geography, and Tracy K. Smith’s The Body's Question. Nights in The City Beautiful merges lyricism with narrative, the ethereal with the physical. It is a novella in verse that delves into the boundaries of sexuality, love, and intimacy.

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