The objectives of work presented in this thesis are to understand droplet and particle formulation processes in order to make useful polymer-polymer hybrids in aqueous dispersions and use our fundamental understanding of these processes to: 1. Improve monomer conversion as much as possible. 2. Understand impact of these processes on hybrid film properties. Specific case studies of interest under commercially feasible conditions (i.e. solids content of 50wt %) were done based on two systems namely alkyd-acrylic and polyurethane-acrylic. Miniemulsification, miniemulsion polymerisation and characterisation of hybrid latex, chemical incorporation of alkyd and polyurethane to acrylic monomers were studied in detail. We have been able to successfully synthesise and characterise hybrid latex of about 100nm in particle diameter and high solids content (50wt %) to be used in coating and adhesive applications

The catalytic depolymerization/pyrolysis of nylon 6 and 66 were investigated with the prospect of helping to curb the amount of carpet landfilled. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to determine which catalysts (and their nylon/catalyst ratio) were most suited for the depolymerization. By adding bases, the onset of degradation for some bases was 100 aC lower than that of the pure nylons. Potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide were found to be the most effective catalysts at a catalyst ratio of 100:1 of nylon 6 and nylon 66 to catalyst, respectively. After determining the most efficient catalyst, kinetic models/parameters from the TGA data were determined. These parameters were used in a reactive extrusion model for depolymerizing nylon 6 in carpet. Data from the model was then used to do cost analysis for the process. It was found that to get a Present Value Ratio greater than 1, the flow rate has to be greater than or equal to 500 lb/hr. At even higher flow rates up to the model¡¦s limit (1500 lb/hr), the Net Present Value shows that this process is economically viable. Extrusion of a 100:1 ratio of pure N6 and KOH was done in a 30 mm counter-rotating non-intermeshing twin screw extruder. The material collected from the vents of the extruder was tested with a gas chromatograph- mass spectrum (GC-MS) in tandem. There was only one significant peak from the GC and the primary molecular weight on the MS was 113, the molecular weight of caprolactam. This shows that the process could be profitable and require little purification if done industrially.

Les polymères fonctionnalisés par des groupements phosphonates ont un fort potentiel applicatif comme superplastifiants dans les pâtes de ciment. Des copolymères à blocs fonctionnels ont été synthétisés par polymérisation RAFT/MADIX afin d'accéder à des polymères de masse molaire, d'architecture et de composition contrôlées. Le monomère principalement utilisé a été l'acide vinylphosphonique (VPA). L'amélioration de la cinétique ainsi que la conversion finale lors de la polymérisation du VPA a été un des principaux objectifs de la thèse, en vue de synthétiser des copolymères diblocs PEG-PVPA. Ensuite des copolymères à blocs ont été synthétisés à l'aide d'un disulfure de xanthate. Ce nouveau procédé a permis d'obtenir des structures de copolymères à blocs plus complexes à bas de MPEGMA et de VPA, dont la synthèse à partir d'un agent de contrôle RAFT conventionnel aurait été relativement ardue. Des essais ont été menés sur des pâtes cimentaires afin d'évaluer les propriétés des différents copolymères. Les effets de l'adsorption des copolymères à blocs sur la mise en œuvre du béton ont été évalués et comparés à des superplastifiants phosphonatés commerciaux. / Phosphonic acid-functionalized polymers show great promise as superplasticizers in cement mixtures. Functional block copolymers were synthesized by RAFT/MADIX polymerization to obtain polymers of controlled molecular weight, architecture and composition. The principal monomer used was vinylphosphonic acid (VPA). The enhancement of the kinetics of VPA polymerization and the final yield was one of the aims of the thesis. Block copolymers were then synthesized using xanthate disulfide as a chain transfer agent. This new process enabled us to obtain complex structures that would be difficult to synthesize using a more conventional RAFT process. The effects of block copolymer adsorption on cement workability were assayed with reference to a commercially available phosphonated superplasticizer.

Este trabalho está dividido em duas partes: (i) estudo da adsorção da enzima horseradish peroxidase (HRP) sobre substratos planos (lâminas de Si/SiO2, filmes ASP/Si/SiO2, filmes CABads/Si/SiO2, filmes CABspin/Si/SiO2 e filmes CMCABspin/Si/SiO2) seguida de testes da atividade enzimática da HRP imobilizada sobre estes substratos e (ii) obtenção de oligômeros divinílicos mediada pela HRP. Na primeira parte, a imobilização da HRP sobre substratos planos foi estudada através de elipsometria, microscopia de força atômica (AFM) e medidas de ângulo de contato. As isotermas de adsorção da HRP sobre Si/SiO2, APS/Si/SiO2 e CABads/Si/SiO2 apresentaram um aumento contínuo da quantidade de material adsorvido ΓHRP em função da concentração da solução de enzima até atingir um patamar de adsorção no qual verificou-se a formação de uma monocamada de HRP adsorvida. Nestes casos, o processo de adsorção da HRP pode ser descrito pelo modelo de adsorção aleatória (RSA). Para filmes HRP/CABspin/Si/SiO2 e HRP/CMCABspin/Si/SiO2 observou-se adsorção cooperativa de moléculas de HRP e formação de multicamadas. A adsorção da HRP sobre Si/SiO2, filmes APS, CABads e CMCABspin é um processo irreversível. Ao contrário, HRP adsorve reversivelmente sobre filmes CABspin, fato evidenciado pelo decréscimo de ~30% na espessura dos filmes de enzima. A atividade catalítica dos filmes de HRP imobilizados sobre substratos planos foi verificada na reação de oxidação do ABTS. Os testes de atividade catalítica mostraram que os substratos com a HRP adsorvida podem ser reutilizados 3 vezes sem dessorção ou perda da atividade catalítica da enzima, com exceção dos filmes HRP/CABspin/Si/SiO2 que se tornam inativos após a primeira catálise. A condição de máxima atividade catalítica de HRP imobilizada foi correlacionada com grau de cobertura de ~55%. O emprego do monômero etileno glicol dimetacrilato (EGDMA) em reações de polimerização catalisadas por filmes HRP/Si/SiO2 ou pela HRP livre em solução à temperatura ambiente revelou a formação de partículas cristalinas com geometria poligonal. Com objetivo de compreender a formação das estruturas cristalinas, a segunda parte do trabalho focou a formação de oligômeros de EGDMA e trietileno glicol dimetacrilato (TEGDMA) em meio aquoso catalisada pela HRP na presença H2O2 a temperatura ambiente. Os oligômeros de EGDMA e/ou TEGDMA foram caracterizados por gravimetria, cromatografia de permeação em gel, espectroscopia vibracional na região do infravermelho e espectroscopia 1H RMN. A auto-associação dos oligômeros originou partículas cristalinas com ângulos retos, como evidenciado pelas imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. As medidas de calorimetria exploratória diferencial e difração de raio-x confIrmaram a cristalinidade das amostras. Os oligômeros de EGDMA, TEGDMA e EGDMA-co-TEGDMA sintetizados na presença do sistema HRP-H2O2 apresentaram grupos vinila pendentes, boa solubilidade em clorofórmio e ponto de fusão bem definido, evidenciando pouca reticulação ou ciclização e mostrando que as propriedades catalíticas da HRP propiciam um ambiente reacional apropriado para produzir materiais poliméricos com novas características. / This work is divided into two parts: (i) study on the adsorption of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) onto flat substrates (silicon wafers, ASP/Si/SiO2 films, CABads/Si/SiO2 films, CABspin/Si/SiO2 films, and CMCABspin/Si/SiO2 films) followed by enzymatic catalytic tests of HRP immobilized onto these substrates, and (ii) formation of divinyl-based oligomers mediated by HRP. In the first part, the HRP immobilization onto flat substrates was investigated by means of ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and contact angle measurements. Adsorption isotherms of HRP onto silicon wafers, APS/Si/SiO2, and CABads/Si/SiO2 presented the continuous increase of HRP adsorbed amount ΓHRP as a function of enzyme solution concentration until an adsorption plateau, which evidenced monolayer formation. In these cases, the HRP adsorption process can be described by the random sequential adsorption model (RSA). For HRP/CABspin/Si/SiO2 and HRP/CMCABspin/Si/SiO2 cooperative adsorption of HRP molecules and multilayer formation were evidenced. The HRP adsorption onto silicon wafers, APS, CABads, and CMCABspin films is an irreversible process. Contrarily, HRP adsorbed reversibly onto CABspin films, since desorption of ~30% could be detected. The catalytic activity of HRP films immobilized onto flat substrates was verified by oxidation reaction of ABTS. Catalytic tests showed that substrates with adsorbed HRP can be reused three times without desorption or catalytic activity lost, except for HRP/CABspin/Si/SiO2 films, which became inactive after first use. The emulsion polymerization of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) in mediated by HRP/Si/SiO2 films or by free HRP at room temperature revealed the formation of crystalline particles with polygonal geometry. In order to understand the formation of such crystalline structures, the second part of this thesis focused on EGDMA and/or triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) oligomers formation in aqueous medium catalyzed by HRP in the presence of H2O2 at room temperature. EGDMA and/or TEGDMA oligomers were characterized by means of gravimetry, gel permeation chromatography, infrared vibrational spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Self-assembling of oligomers led to right-angled crystalline particles, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy images. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry measurements ratified the samples crystallinity. EGDMA, TEGDMA and EGDMA-co-TEGDMA oligomers synthesized in the presence of HRP-H2O2 system presented pendant vinyl groups along the chains, good solubility in chloroform, and well defined melting point. These features evidenced few crosslinking or cyclization and revealed that the catalytic properties of HRP provide an appropriate environrnent for production of materials with new characteristics.

Objetivos: o presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a aplicabilidade e eficácia adesiva de diferentes monômeros ácidos quando aplicados em formulações de cimentos resinosos autoadesivos experimentais sob o grau de conversão, propriedades físico-químicas e resistência de união à dentina e à zircônia tetragonal policristalina estabilizada por ítrea (Y-TZP), após um período de 3 meses de armazenamento em água. Material: dois tipos de cimentos do tipo pasta-pasta foram formulados contendo monômeros convencionais UDMA, HEMA, BISGMA, TEGDMA e monômeros ácidos 2MP e GDMAP como matriz orgânica. Um grupo contendo apenas monômeros convencionais foi formulado como grupo controle. Os componentes canforoquinona/EDMAB e peróxido de benzoíla/DHPT foram empregados como sistema de ativação dual. O sal sódico do ácido benzenosulfônico 98% (BAS) foi incorporado nos grupos experimentais. Partículas de carga foram incorporadas na proporção ±55% em peso final. Método: A técnica de espectroscopia no infravermelho (FT-IR) foi empregada para análise do grau de conversão (n=3) imediato e após 24 h. A avaliação do pH (n=3) foi feita através do emprego de um equipamento medidor de pH. Os corpos de provas foram imersos em água destilada e o pH foi analisado de forma imediata e após 5 min, 24 h e 48 h. Os testes de sorção e solubilidade (n=6) e espessura de película (n=5) seguiram as recomendações da ISO 4049. A análise de resistência de união (n=12) foi realizada em dentina e Y-TZP, através do teste de cisalhamento em área reduzida após um protocolo de envelhecimento em água destilada por 3 meses. No caso da Y-TZP, metade dos espécimes receberam um tratamento superficial cojet (30 ?m), associado a aplicação de um agente de união silano. O padrão de fratura foi analisado com o auxílio de um estereomicroscópio. Resultados: O grupo controle (91,7%) e o grupo formulado com 2MP (92%) apresentaram superiores valores de grau de conversão em relação ao grupo GDMAP (77,7%). O pH dos grupos experimentais 2MP e GDMAP se apresentou mais ácido após 48 h em comparação ao grupo controle. Em contrapartida, esses grupos experimentais apresentaram uma maior sorção e solubilidade em relação ao grupo controle. A espessura da película formada foi semelhante em todos os grupos testados (p=0,266). Em dentina o grupo controle (27,0 MPa) e GDMAP (24,1 MPa) não apresentaram diferença estatística após 3 meses de estocagem. O grupo 2MP (13,7 MPa) apresentou resultados inferiores aos demais grupos. O tratamento de superfície empregado não foi capaz de manter ou de elevar os valores de resistência de união à Y-TZP após o período de envelhecimento em água. Todos os grupos experimentais apresentaram falhas precoces ou baixos valores de resistência de união após 3 meses, independente da presença ou não do tratamento de superfície. Conclusão: os grupos experimentais 2MP e GDMAP apresentaram resultados promissores. Entretanto, a adesão dos CRAs experimentais testados em Y-TZP ainda se apresenta frágil e instável. / Objectives: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the applicability and adhesive efficiency of different acid monomers utilized in formulations of experimental self-adhesive resin cement under degree of conversion, physico-chemical properties and bond strength to dentin and Y-TZP after 3 months aging period. Materials: two paste-paste luting agents were formulated containing UDMA, HEMA, BISGMA, TEGDMA and acid adhesive monomers 2MP and GDMAP as organic matrix. The control group was formulated containing only conventional monomers. Camphoroquinone/EDMAB and benzoyl peroxide/DHPT were used as dual activation system. BAS salt was incorporated into the experimental groups. Filler particles were added in a proportion of ±55% final weight. Method: Infrared spectroscopy technique (FTIR) was employed for degree of conversion analysis (n=3) immediately and after 24 hours. The pH assessment (n=3) was made using a pH meter. All the specimens were immersed in distilled water and pH assessment was performed immediately and after 5 min, 24 h and 48 h. Tests for sorption and solubility (n=6) and thickness (n=6) were carried out according to ISO 4049 recommendations. Bond strength analysis (n=12) was performed in dentin and Y-TZP through microshear after an aging 3 months protocol in distilled water. Regarding Y-TZP, half of the specimens were submitted to a cojet surface treatment (30 ?m) in association to silane bonding agent application. Fracture toughness standard was evaluated with the assistance of a stereomicroscope. Results: The control (91,7%) and 2MP (92%) groups presented higher degree of conversion than GDMAP group (77,7%). The 2MP and GDMAP experimental groups showed the highest pH compared to control group. In contrast, experimental groups showed a high hydrolytic degradation. The thickness of the formed film was similar among all the tested groups (p=0,266). Regarding the dentin, control and GDMAP groups had statistically similar bond strength (27,0 and 24,1 MPa respectively) after 3 months storage. While 2MP group (13,7 MPa) showed lower results compared the other groups. The surface treatment employed was not capable to maintain or elevate bond strength to Y-TZP results after the aging period in water. All experimental groups showed low bond strength values and even early failures after 3 months, regardless the surface treatment or its abscence. Conclusion: the experimental groups 2MP and GDMAP presented promising results. However, chemical adhesion to Y-TZP still remains weak and instable.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:30:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Fernanda_Barbosa_Leal.pdf: 806160 bytes, checksum: 37717162c453100433c520a8c9d199ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-19 / The aim of this study was synthesize, characterize and photopolymerize an alternative monomers for use in dentistry. Three siloxane-oxirane monomers were synthesized and the products conversion was followed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The products obtained were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and evaluated for viscosity and refractive index. The polymerization was evaluated by formulating of two experimental photoinitiation systems wich varied for the presence of 1,2 ethanediol. A ternary system with camphorquinone (CQ), ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EDAB) and diphenyliodonium hexafluorphosphate (DPI) was used as control. The degree of conversion was accessed by FTIR and DSC-PCA. The NMR confirmed the synthesis success with 75, 87 and 55% yield for the monomers synthesized. Moreover, the presence of 1,2 ethanediol increase the degree conversion of the siloxane-oxirane monomers. This study showed simple and effective way to synthesize siloxane-oxirane monomers with a high potential for application in dental materials / O objetivo deste estudo foi sintetizar, caracterizar e fotopolimerizar monômeros alternativos para aplicação em Odontologia. Três monômeros siloxano-oxiranos foram sintetizados e a conversão de produtos foi acompanhada por espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier. Os produtos obtidos foram caracterizados por 1H e 13C RMN e avaliados quanto à viscosidade e índice de refração. Para investigar a polimerização, dois sistemas experimentais de fotoiniciação foram formulados, variando quanto à presença de 1,2 etanodiol. Um sistema ternário composto por canforoquinona (CQ), 4-dimetilaminobenzoato (EDAB) e difeniliodonio hexafluorfostato (DPI) foi utilizado como controle. O grau de conversão foi obtido por FTIR e DSC-PCA. As análises de RMN confirmaram a obtenção dos produtos com 75, 87 e 55% de rendimento. Além disso, a presença de 1,2 etanodiol aumentou o grau de conversão dos monômeros siloxano-oxiranos. Este estudo demonstrou um método simples e eficaz para sintetizar monômeros siloxano-oxiranos com grande potencial para aplicação em materiais dentários

La valorisation du carbone renouvelable joue un rôle croissant dans l'industrie chimique. Ces travaux rapportent l'utilisation d'huiles végétales comme matières premières en substitution de celles d'origine fossiles pour la synthèse de monomères bio-sourcés destinés à la production de polyesters ou de polyamides.La production du 9 oxononanoate de méthyle, comme molécule plateforme, à partir d'esters méthyliques d'huile de colza a été réalisée par coupure oxydante (ozonolyse) sans solvant à température ambiante, suivie d'une réduction des intermédiaires par hydrogénation catalytique sous pression de H2 et de Pd(5)/C. Ainsi, le rendement en aldéhyde-ester est de 92%. Ce procédé a été appliqué à la synthèse de molécules plateformes avec des longueurs de chaînes de 9 à 13 atomes de carbone. Une matière première renouvelable, des conditions de réaction douces, le recyclage du catalyseur et des co-produits non toxiques et valorisables ont permis de développer un procédé durable plus respectueux de l'environnement. La réduction de la fonction aldéhyde a été menée par hydrogénation catalytique, à 50°C dans le méthanol, pour former l'alcool-ester correspondant. Le nickel de Raney ainsi que le Pd(5)/C offrent des rendements en 9-hydroxynonanoate de méthyle supérieurs à 90 %, mais le premier catalyseur conduit à un temps de réaction plus court. L'amination réductrice de la fonction aldéhyde a été menée avec succès à partir de NH3 gazeux et de Pd(5)/C, à 50°C dans le méthanol, pour conduire majoritairement à la synthèse de l'amino-ester primaire. La quantité de NH3(g) influence la sélectivité et au moins trois équivalents sont nécessaires pour limiter la formation d'amino-ester. / A high interest has been devoted to the use of renewable carbon in the chemical industry. The goal of this work is the substitution of fossil oils by vegetable oils to synthesize bio sourced monomers for polyesters and polyamides production. The synthesis of methyl 9-oxononanoate as a platform molecule from fatty acid methyl esters of rapeseed oil was carried out in solvent free ozonolysis at room temperature. Intermediary ozonides was reduced to aldehydes by catalytic hydrogenation under H2 pressure and in the presence of Pd(5)/C catalyst giving a 92% carbonyl yield. This process was applied to a wide range of unsaturated esters with a chain length within 9 and 13 carbon atoms. This process allows the selective conversion of renewable materials to value added chemicals, in mild conditions and in the presence of a recyclable catalyst. Moreover, the co products are non toxic and valuable. Hydrogenation of aldehyde group was performed in the presence of methanol at 50°C under hydrogen pressure. Raney Nickel and Pd(5)/C exhibit a yield to methyl 9 hydroxynonanoate higher than 90%. Reductive amination of the aldehyde functional group was investigated with success in the presence of NH3(g) and Pd(5)/C at 50°C in methanol to produce primary amino ester. The amount of ammoniac is directly correlated to the selectivity of the reaction. As a consequence a minimum amount of 3 eq. of ammoniac is required to avoid the formation of secondary amino-ester.

L'isosorbide et ses dérivés sont des diols chiraux issus de l'amidon de maïs. L'utilisation de ce dernier en tant que monomère pour l'élaboration de polymères s'est révélée efficace, ces derniers égalant les propriétés des polymères conventionnels. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, ces diols sont employés pour synthétiser de nouvelles plateformes des monomères biosourcés AA et AB à partir des 1,4 :3,6- dianhydrohexitols. La synthèse d'intermédiaires à base de dinitriles ou de mononitriles et leurs dérivés à partir des trois isomères ainsi que les résultats d'essais de polymérisation de l'un de ces monomères prometteurs ont été décrits. Le polymère obtenu a révélé semi-cristallin grâce à l'agencement stéréorégulier des monomères AB. Ce travail est aussi le premier à décrire l'utilisation des réticulants chiraux à base de 1,4 :3,6-dianhydrohexitols participant à la formation du réseau tridimensionnel pour l'élaboration de polymères à empreintes (MIP) biosourcés pour la détéction de la Méthyltestostérone (MT). Les polymères synthétisés par polymérisation par précipitation ont été caractérisés. Les propriétés de rétention ont été évaluées en mode batch par HPLC-MS/MS. Ces MIPs présentent de bonnes propriétés d'adsorption vis-à-vis la MT avec des facteurs d'empreinte supérieurs à 1 montrant l'efficacité de l'impression. Ces matériaux présentent une bonne capacité d'adsorption comparée à la littérature. Les polymères non imprimés (NIP) ont même montré des capacités d'adsorption supérieure aux MIP classiques. La capacité d'adsorption la plus élevée a été observée pour cMIP-Is à base d'isosorbide, pour les concentrations importantes (500 mg L-1). Les données expérimentales ont été étudiées selon les modèles d'adsorption de Langmuir et Freundlich pour interpréter les phénomènes d'adsorption. Ces cMIP développés ont été adaptés pour l'extraction de la méthyltestotérone sur phase solide (SPE). Une procédure d'extraction a été développée en menant au travers d'une optimisation complète finalisée par une application aux eaux usées / The isosorbide and its derivatives are chiral diols obtained from cornstarch. The use of the latter as a monomer for the development of polymers has proved to be effective. The diols match the properties of conventional polymers. As part of this thesis, the diols are used to synthesize new platforms of bio based AA and AB from the 1,4: 3,6 - dianhydrohexitols monomers. The synthesis of intermediaries based on dinitriles or mononitrilies and their derivaties starting from the three isomers as well as the test results from one of these promising monomers polymerization which have been described. The resulting polymer revealed semi-cristallin through stereoregulier AB monomers layout. This work is also the first to describe the use of the reticulants chiral at base of 1.4: 3, 6-dianhydrohexitols participating in the formation of three-dimensional network for the development of polymers to footprints (MIP) Excelsior for detection of Methyltestosterone (MT). The polymers synthesized by polymerization have been characterized by precipitation. The properties of retention were evaluated in batch mode by HPLC-MS/MS. These MIPs present good properties of adsorption towards the MT with factors of footprint greater than 1 showing the effectiveness of printing. These materials have a good ability of adsorption compared to literature. Unprinted polymers (PIN) have shown even greater adsorption capacity than the conventional MIP. The high adsorption capacity was observed in cMIP-Is based on isosorbide for the concentrations (500 mg L-1). The experimental data have been studied according to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models to interpret the phenomena of adsorption these developed cMIP have been adapted for the methyltestoterone on the phase of extraction (SPE) solid. An extraction procedure has been developed leading through a full optimization finalized by an application in wastewater

No description available.

Les polyesters insaturés sont des résines thermodurcissables particulièrement appréciées pour leur facilité de mise en œuvre et leur coût modéré. Cependant, comme tous les polymères organiques ils ont une réaction au feu médiocre, ce qui est critique dans un certains nombres de d'applications. L'objectif de cette thèse était d'élaborer de nouvelles formulations de résines ayant un comportement au feu amélioré. La première stratégie développée a été le greffage de monomères phosponés dans la matrice polyester. Des monomères méthacryliques et styrénique ont été synthétisés et utilisés pour remplacer une partie du styrène dans la résine. La stabilité thermique des résines modifiées est diminuée, mais leur comportement au feu est globalement meilleur. Des effets du phosphore en phase gazeuse et en phase condensée ont pu être mis en évidence.Dans une seconde partie, une sélection de particules se distinguant par leur nature, leur taille et leur facteur de forme a été testée. Si l'impact des ces charges est assez limité lorsqu'elles sont utilisées individuellement, des tests calorimétriques ont révélé que certaines combinaisons de particules pouvaient améliorer significativement la réaction au feu des résines. Enfin, des associations d'additifs phosphorés et de particules submicroniques ont été investiguées. Le polyphosphate d'ammonium se distingue des autres additifs par un impact très important sur le comportement au feu et particulièrement par le charbonnement important qu'il engendre, cependant sa combinaison avec des charges inorganiques ne s'est pas révélée probante. / Unsaturated polyesters are thermoset resins particularly appreciated for their low cost and easy processing. Nevertheless one of their main drawbacks is their poor fire resistance. The aim of this PhD thesis was to prepare new resin formulations with an improved fire behaviour. The first part of this work was dedicated to the grafting of phosphorous monomers in the polyester matrix. Methacrylic and styrenic monomers were synthesized and used to replace of part of the styrene in the resin. Resin thermal stability was decreased, but on the whole their fire behaviour was improved. Condensed phase and gas phase effects of phosphorus were highlighted.In a second part, a screening of various kinds of particles with different sizes was performed. Calorimetric tests revealed that, while the effect of these particles used alone is limited, a decrease of resin flammability could be achieved with specific combinations. Finally, commercial phosphorous additives were associated with submicronic fillers. From all the additives tested, ammonium polyphosphate stands out, with a powerful impact on the resin fire reaction and especially a much increased charring. However, its combination with inorganic particles was not conclusive.