The purpose of the thesis is to deal with a writings of Vladimir Holan as a thematic unity, where the motifs are transformed. The metamorphosis depend on a time, when they have been written in. Our used method of his writings is in a chronological order. This thesis is focused on the motif of a movement and his metamorphosis in poetry of Vladimir Holan. The aim is to penetrate the problems of the movement as a physical activity and approached the movement as a confirmation of existence on a basis of Patočka's phenomenological phylosophy. Other chapters pay attention to analysis of motifs of movement, which are recognizable in Holan's poetry. Their feature change from lightness and freedom to heaviness and limitation. Afterwards the point of this work reaches the axis: a wind - a wave - a water flowed - a bird - a cloud - a stone - a snake - a wall. Due to the better understanding of Holan's work, we make a passing comment about the motifs which are connected with notised above. These connections will able to put our thoughts about Holan's conception in order.

(in English) The Master's Thesis surveys the origins of academic folkloristics in Finland characterised by the birth of so called Finnish school of folkloristics and historic- geographic method. It breaks downs the method's specifics, theoretical starting points and practical applications. The thesis is also concerned with the work of Finnish folklorist Satu Apo who uses emic units and her own structural classification for studying folk narrative.

Alternative splicing is one of the mechanisms how to regulate gene expression. Under different conditions, different mRNAs encoding proteins with different function, localization or stability can be made from one cellular transcript. The human hSlu7 protein affects the alternative splicing of some genes through alternative 3'splice site (3'SS) selection. Although it was thought that alternative splicing is absent from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, recent results argue against such conclusion. We therefore decided to characterize the function of the yeast Slu7 protein, which participates in the second step of splicing and is closely associated with the 3'SS selection. We focused on a highly conserved uncharacterized motif in the essential part of the Slu7 protein named the RED motif. Mutations in this motif caused second step splicing defects with some substrates and altered the alternative 3'SS usage ratio of some splicing constructs. Our results implicate a role for the RED motif in selecting proper 3'splice sites, especially the distal ones. Genetic interactions of slu7 mutations with PRP22 and PRP45 mutant alelles add to the intricate interaction network of splicing factors and suggest a possible role of Slu7p in facilitating the Prp22p association with the spliceosome.

The thesis traces emergence of chrysanthemum, a favourite symbol in Chinese poetry, and discusses its various uses within the context of the Song ci poets. The chapters of the thesis focus on precising connotations and their transformations related to the chrysanthemum as one of the most frequently appearing flower motifs in Chinese literature and specification of the literary-historical description of the Song ci and yongwu evolution process. The thesis also aims to present connotations reflecting the evolution of Song lyrics from non-serious tunes to the official poetry, shift in using the motif in shi and ci poems and the presence of Tao Yuanming's and Qu Yuan's chrysanthemum motif in Song ci. It describes the extent in which the genre of Song ci modifies the meaning of motif; how much of the traditional meaning referring to Qu Yuan and Tao Yuanming is preserved and how does the ci genre influence traditional meaning and the general cultural cognizance attached to the motif. Attention is also paid to the process in which the meaning empties itself and becomes an ornamental motif indicating occasion and season of the year and evoking certain mood. Key words: chrysanthemum, Tao Yuanming 陶淵明, Song dynasty, ci 詞 poem, yongwu 詠物, flower motif

L’objet de cette thèse est d’étudier les dispositifs de protection de l’emploi dans l’entreprise en difficulté. Elle met en exergue la difficile articulation entre les mécanismes du droit du travail et ceux du droit commercial, qui semble souvent mener à l’effacement du premier devant les impératifs du second. Le titre I est ainsi consacré à l’examen des prérogatives confiées aux représentants des salariés afin de défendre leur intérêt collectif, l’emploi, lorsque la situation de l’entreprise est compromise. L’accent est particulièrement mis sur l’absence de moyens d’action efficaces, plaçant les salariés dans le rôle de spectateurs, et non d’acteurs, du processus décisionnel relatif à la détermination du sort de l’entreprise. Le titre II s’intéresse, quant à lui, à la place octroyée à l’emploi au regard des objectifs que la loi a attribué au droit des entreprises en difficulté et qui doivent être poursuivis par le juge. Il constate que l’impératif de maintien de l’emploi s’efface devant l’objectif prioritaire que constitue la sauvegarde de l’activité économique. Ainsi, en dépit des réformes successives ayant touché le droit des entreprises en difficulté, la prise en considération de l’emploi demeure timide. L’implication apparente des salariés masque leur mise à distance des principales décisions relatives à la détermination du sort de l’entreprise. L’emploi, en particulier lorsqu’il est soumis à l’instrumentalisation des procédures collectives par des groupes désireux de se débarrasser, à moindre coût, de leurs filiales, est envisagé avant tout comme une variable ajustable de l’entreprise en difficulté. / The object of this thesis is to study the mechanisms of employment protection of firms in crisis. It highlights the difficult articulation between the mechanisms of the labor law and those of the commercial law, which often seems to lead to the disappearance of the first in front of the imperatives of the second. Title I is dedicated to the examination of the resources assigned to the staff representatives to defend their collective interest, employment, when the situation of the company is compromised. The emphasis is particularly put on the absence of effective means of action, which places the employees in a spectators’ role, instead of an actors’ role, in the decision-making concerning the determination of the future of the company. Title II is interested in the place granted to the employment with regards to the objectives that law attribute to the crisis firms law and which must be pursued by the judge. He notices that the imperative of preservation of employment disappear in front of the priority objective constituted by the protection of the economic activity. So, in spite of the successive reforms having affected the commercial law, the consideration of employment remains shy. The visible implication of the employees masks their removal from the main decisions relative to the determination of the future of the company. Employment, in particular when it’s subject to the instrumentalization of the collective procedures by groups avid to get rid, at a lower cost, of their subsidiaries, is above all considered as an adjustable parameter of the firm in crisis.

M. Mus. (Composition) by Coursework and Research, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, 2011 / The aim of this Research Report is to highlight the overt and more subtle roles that contemporary film music plays in the final presentation of a film. An analysis of selected examples by the renowned film music composer, Hans Zimmer, illustrates the techniques and musical tools that he uses to achieve certain effects which influence the way different scenes are perceived by the viewer/listener. Much of the debate revolves around the degree to which the music plays either an obvious or less obvious role in the multi-media modality of film and the techniques that the composer applies to achieve his/her desired dramatic result. I have drawn on the writings of current film music theorists in order to interrogate the interaction between music and some of the other art-forms that coalesce in the creation of the final film product.

v angličtině (English abstract) Tobacco male gametophyte has a strongly dehydrated cytoplasm and represents a metabolically inactive stage. Upon cytoplasm rehydration, pollen grain becomes metabolically active and after the activation is finished, the pollen tube growth through a selected pollen aperture starts. The rehydration together with metabolic activation are accompanied by the regulation of translation and post-translational modifications (mainly phosphorylation) of the existing proteins. In this Ph.D. thesis, there were identified phosphopeptides from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) mature pollen, pollen activated in vitro 5 min and pollen activated in vitro 30 min. The total proteins from the above male gametophyte stages were extracted. The protein extract was trypsinized and the acquired peptide mixture was enriched by MOAC (metal oxide/hydroxide affinity chromatography) with titanium dioxide matrix. The enriched fraction was subjected to liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC- MS/MS). Totally, there were identified 471 phosphopeptides, carrying 432 exactly localized phosphorylation sites. The acquired peptide identifications were mapped to 301 phosphoproteins that were placed into 13 functional categories, dominant of which were transcription, protein synthesis,...

Pratiqués depuis les années 1970, les accords de gestion connaissent une fulgurante ascension. Devenus un instrument de promotion d’une gestion pacifiée des relations sociales, leurs conclusions sont évoquées par la presse généraliste. « Le nouveau contrat social » ou « l’accord de compétitivité », respectivement conclus au sein des groupes PSA et Renault, illustrent bien la diffusion de ces pratiques. Pourtant, l’analyse juridique dominante bute devant la très grande originalité de ces accords. Rarement identifiés pour leurs propriétés intrinsèques, guère plus définis par des critères précis, les accords de gestion constituent au mieux une figure juridique évanescente. Les consécrations du plan de sauvegarde de l’emploi conventionnel, de l’accord de méthode, de « l’accord social d’accompagnement », de l’accord de gestion des emplois et des parcours professionnels, de l’accord de performance collective, des « plans de départs provoqués » et de l’accord portant rupture conventionnelle collective invitent pourtant à caractériser l’existence d’un objet d’étude particulier. / Practiced since the 1970s, management agreements are experiencing a meteoric rise. Become an instrument for promoting a peaceful management of social relations, their conclusions are evoked by the mainstream press. "The new social contract" or "the competitiveness agreement", respectively concluded within the PSA and Renault groups, illustrate the diffusion of these practices. However, the dominant legal analysis stumbles against the very originality of these agreements. Rarely identified for their intrinsic properties, hardly defined by specific criteria, management agreements are at best an evanescent legal figure. Consecrations of the plan of safeguarding the conventional employment, the agreement of method, the "social agreement of accompaniment", the agreement of management of the jobs and the professional paths, the agreement of collective performance However, "plans of induced departures" and the agreement of collective collective rupture invite us to characterize the existence of a particular object of study.

Cette étude répond à l’intitulé suivant : La fiction romanesque de la postmodernité et ses labyrinthes. L’exemple des textes d’Alain Robbe-Grillet (France, 1922-2008), de Juan José Saer (Argentine, 1937-2005) et de Boubacar Boris Diop (Sénégal, 1947-). Elle se propose de cerner, sous l’autorité méthodologique de la poétique textuelle, les diverses modalités par lesquelles le motif du labyrinthe s’impose comme substrat privilégié de la poétique du récit chez trois écrivains appartenant à des aires linguistiques et culturelles différentes. Le choix et l’examen des textes de ces trois écrivains reposent sur la volonté de montrer le déploiement de ce motif dans l’organisation interne de la fiction romanesque postmoderne. En effet, intégré dans la dynamique interne de l’oeuvre de manière très diversifiée, le motif du labyrinthe surgit dans toutes les problématiques qui traversent l’écriture romanesque postmoderne. Par commodité méthodologique et rigueur scientifique, cette étude se déploie suivant trois axes complémentaires. Tandis que le premier qui s’intitule « Le labyrinthe comme invariant obsessionnel de la fiction romanesque de la postmodernité » s’attache à faire ressortir les diverses facettes sous lesquelles ce motif se déploie dans la dynamique textuelle du récit fictionnel postmoderne ; le deuxième qui a pour titre « Le labyrinthe comme modalité constitutive de la narrativité du récit : la fiction romanesque de la postmodernité à l’épreuve de la discontinuité », s’attèle quant à lui, à examiner en quoi ce motif participe d’un projet d’écriture qui revendique la discontinuité comme principe narratif ; enfin, le troisième qui a pour intitulé « Le labyrinthe comme modalité caractéristique de l’interdiscursivité et de l’intergénéricité de la dynamique textuelle : la fiction romanesque de la postmodernité à l’épreuve de la polyphonie », entreprend pour sa part de démontrer en quoi ce motif est constitutif de la polyphonie qui gouverne la dynamique textuelle du récit fictionnel postmoderne. / This study answers the following title: Romantic fiction of postmodernity and its mazes. The example of the texts of Alain Robbe-Grillet (France, 1922-2008), of Juan José Saer (Argentina, 1937-2005) and of Boubacar Boris Diop (Senegal, 1947-). It intends to identify, under authority methodological of poetic text the various modalities by which the pattern of the labyrinth becomes established as privileged substrate of the poetic narrative in three writers belonging to different linguistic and cultural areas. The choice and examination of the texts of these three writers rest on the will to show the deployment of this pattern in the internal organization of the postmodern romantic fiction. Indeed, integrated in the internal dynamic of writing in a very diversified way, the pattern of the maze appears in all the problems which cross the romantic writing. For methodological convenience and scientific rigour, this study deploys according to three complementary axes. While the first is entitled "The labyrinth as obsessive invariant of the romantic fiction of postmodernity" sets out to bring out the different aspects in which this pattern unfolds in dynamic textual postmodern fictional narrative, the second which is entitled "The labyrinth as constitutive modality of the narrativity of the story : romantic fiction of postmodernity to the test of discontinuity", gets down to examine how this pattern is part of a writing project that claims the discontinuity principle as narrative, and the third which is entitled "The labyrinth as a characteristic modality of interdiscursivity and intergenericity textual dynamic : romantic fiction of postmodernity to the test of polyphony" undertakes to show how this pattern is constitutive of polyphony which governs the dynamic of textual postmodern fictional narrative.

Rhodopsin, der Rezeptor der visuellen Kaskade, gehört zu größten Klasse A der G-Protein-koppelnden Rezeptoren (GPCRs) und gilt als Modell-Rezeptor in der GPCR-Forschung. Über 3 % des humanen Genoms kodieren für GPCRs, doch trotz der physiologischen Bedeutung dieser Proteinfamilie sind die fundamentalen Mechanismen, mit denen diese Rezeptoren extrazelluläre Signale in das Zellinnere weiterleiten noch nicht verstanden. In der vorliegenden Dissertation werden Aspekte des Aktivierungsmechanismus von Rhodopsin sowie der Kopplung und Aktivierung des G-Proteins Transduzin untersucht. Die Arbeit ist in drei Schwerpunkte unterteilt: I. Es wurde ein in GPCR’s hochkonserviertes NPxxYx(5,6)F Motiv (Aminosäuresequenz Asn-Pro-x-x-Tyr-x(5,6)-Phe) in der siebten und achten Helix charakterisiert. In diesem konservierten Motiv sind mehrere für die Ausbildung der aktiven Rezeptorkonformation wichtige Funktionen vereint: Verknüpfung zu einem Wasserstoffbrückennetzwerk, Helixflexibilität sowie die exakte Positionierung der achten Helix. Letzteres hat nicht nur bei der Rezeptoraktivierung sondern auch bei der nachfolgenden Interaktion mit dem G-Protein eine Bedeutung. II. Anhand von chimären Rezeptoren, bei denen Teile der achten Helix durch homologe Sequenzen des beta2-adrenergen Rezeptors ausgetauscht wurden, wurde die Rolle der achten Helix bei der Rezeptor-Aktivierung und Bindung des G-Proteins untersucht. Auch bei dieser Studie wurde gezeigt, dass die exakte Positionierung der achten Helix essentiell für die Interaktion mit dem G-Protein ist. Zudem wurde ein bezüglich der G-Protein-Aktivierung funktionsfähiger chimärer Rezeptor gefunden, was auf einen übergeordneten Mechanismus bei der Aktivierung von G-Proteinen durch GPCRs hindeutet. III. Die Funktion des ß-Ionon-Rings des Retinals beim Aktivierungsmechanismus von Rhodopsin wurde an einem Retinal studiert, bei welchem Teile des Retinal-Rings fehlten (azyklisches Retinal). Auch diesem azyklischen Retinal können Eigenschaften eines partiellen Agonisten zugeschrieben werden. Beim Vergleich zu Pigmenten mit dem nativen 11-cis-Retinal wurden starke Analogien bei der initialen Energieaufnahme durch die Retinal-Isomerisierung sowie bei der Weiterleitung der Lichtenergie ins Protein gefunden. Allerdings wird die Energie schlechter auf das Protein übertragen, wodurch wesentlich weniger der aktiven G-Protein bindenden Rezeptorkonformation gebildet wird. Als wichtigste Funktion des Retinal-Rings wurde die Aufrechterhaltung der aktiven Meta-II-Konformation identifiziert. / Rhodopsin, the receptor of the visual cascade, belongs to the largest group A of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and can be seen as a model receptor in GPCR research. More than 3 % of the human genome code for GPCRs. But despite their physiological relevance, the detailed mechanism of signal transduction from extra cellular signal to different cellular pathways remains to be fully understood. Different aspects of receptor activation and the coupling and activation of the G-protein transducin are investigated in this dissertation. The thesis focuses on the following three subjects: I. A NPxxYx(5,6)F motif (amino acid sequence Asn-Pro-x-x-Tyr-x(5,6)-Phe) has been characterized for rhodopsin. It is localized in helix VII and VIII and is highly conserved throughout the GPCR family. Various roles for rhodopsin activation are combined in this motif: linkage to a hydrogen-bond network, helix flexibility and the exact positioning of helix VIII. The latter is not only relevant for the activation of the receptor but also for interaction with its G-protein. II. The role of helix VIII for receptor activation and G-protein coupling was studied on chimeric receptors, in which parts of helix VIII were exchanged against homologous sequences of the beta2 adrenergic receptor. This study confirmed the importance of helix VIII’s position for G-protein coupling. Furthermore, a chimeric receptor was found, which was fully functional concerning G-protein activation. This indicates that GPCRs might use a single, generic mechanism for G-protein activation. III. The role of the ß-ionone-ring for the activation mechanism of rhodopsin was studied by means of an acyclic retinal, which lacks four carbon atoms of the ß-ionone-ring. This modified retinal could be classified as a partial agonist for rhodopsin. Energy input by retinal isomerization and formation of the G-protein binding Meta-II conformation were found to be very similar to rhodopsin when bound to its native 11-cis-retinal. However, the lack of the ring structure resulted in a lower amount of Meta-II and a fast decay of activity. It was concluded that the main role of the ring structure is to maintain the active state of rhodopsin.