Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:20:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-10-09T00:00:00Z / Trata do reposicionamento empresarial de um fornecedor interno de componentes vitais de veículos automotivos, onde existem divergências entre as maiores montadoras do mundo quanto a sua posição estratégica. A partir de um cenário global e da identificação do mapa de competências do processo atual, o objetivo é elaborar algumas alternativas estratégicas e/ou táticas para o reposicionamento que permita atender as novas necessidades competitivas

Orientador: Caio Glauco Sanchez / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica. / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T06:34:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_AlexandreAmaralde_M.pdf: 1803116 bytes, checksum: 09df9f4fd3968f1e76a55f1642fcfa37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Os motores de combustão interna têm sido a principal fonte geradora de trabalho mecânico, especialmente em veículos automotores e sua quantidade tem se expandido de forma exponencial desde sua invenção, no século XIX. Os efeitos deste crescimento podem ser observados pelo aumento do consumo mundial de petróleo e da concentração de gases tóxicos na atmosfera, principalmente nas grandes cidades. Por este motivo, foi desenvolvido o presente trabalho, que tem por objetivo quantificar as melhorias no desempenho e economia de combustível obtidas em um motor automobilístico através do uso de um sistema de ignição dupla. Os ensaios foram realizados usando um motor VW refrigerado a ar e com dupla carburação (1.6 l de cilindrada e taxa de compressão 7,2:1) alimentado com álcool etílico hidratado. Foram feitas análises comparativas com ensaios em plena carga e em cargas parciais (0,8 e 0,9 atm de pressão absoluta no coletor de admissão) a 2000, 3000 and 4000 rpm de forma a evidenciar as vantagens e desvantagens do sistema com ignição dupla. O sistema de ignição dupla foi projetado de modo que as centelhas nas duas velas de cada cilindro ocorressem simultaneamente e que fosse possível o controle dos tempos de ignição. Os resultados obtidos indicam uma melhoria no desempenho para todas as condições de operação, com regimes de carga parcial em que os ganhos superaram os 20% em torque e potência e 15% no consumo específico de combustível / Abstract: Internal combustion engines have been the major source of mechanical work, especially in automotive vehicles, and their amount has expanded exponentially since their invention, in the 19th century. The effects of this growth can be observed in the increasing world petrol demand and concentration of toxic gases in the atmosphere, especially in major cities. For this reason, the present work was developed with the objective to quantify the performance and the specific fuel consumption improvement of an automotive engine operating with a dual ignition system. The tests were made using an air-cooled VW engine with two carburetors (1.6 l displacement and with a 7.2:1 compression ratio) using hidrated ethanol. Comparative analysis were made with data gathered in the tests at WOT (wide open throttle) and partial loads (admission pressures of 0,8 and 0,9 atm) at 2000, 3000 and 4000 rpm in order to evidence advantages and disadvantages of the dual ignition system. The ignition system was designed to generate two simultaneous sparks in each cylinder allowing its timing control. The results indicate a trend of improvement in the performance for all the conditions tested, with profits that surpassed 20% in torque and power and 15% in the specific fuel consumption in partial load operation conditions / Mestrado / Termica e Fluidos / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Orientador: Jose Antonio Siqueira Dias / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T10:27:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moraes_LucianoCamaraBuenode_M.pdf: 4566206 bytes, checksum: 004300417197b06c786d6cac40898584 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo propor um sistema de baixo custo para conversão de veículos urbanos convencionais para propulsão elétrica. Serão abordadas também, técnicas, de paralelismo de dispositivos semicondutores para altas demandas de potência, motores elétricos, baterias, e sistemas de recarga. De uma maneira geral o projeto apresenta a viabilização de uni kit prático de conversão que permite a Substituição do sistema de tração original (gasolina ou álcool) para o sistema de tração elétrica movido à bateria interna recarregável, para uso urbano que, futuramente, possa ser produzido em larga escala. Os resultados dos modelos teóricos são confrontados com os testes práticos. É apresentado, ao final, um veículo completo, que opera apenas com propulsão elétrica, bem como os íesíes realizados neste veículo / Abstract: The objective of the dissertation is to present a low cost system for the utilization of electric propulsion in urban vehicles powered with internal combustion engines, ft will be discussed semiconductor devices parallelism techniques for high demands of power, electric engines, batteries, and re-charge- systems. In a general way. the project has as objective the design of a conversion kit that allows the substitution of the of original traction of the vehicle by an electric traction system with rechargeable interna! batteries, and that can be produced in large scale. The results of the theoretical models are compared with the practical evaluation tests. The experimental results measured in a complete vehicle assembled using the developed kit are presented / Mestrado / Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Orientador: Luiz Felipe Mendes de Moura / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T06:23:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hildinger_Omar_M.pdf: 10658215 bytes, checksum: 96e20fb021b267ab748663b39b048e94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: medição de consumo de óleo lubrificante em motores de combustão interna tem a característica de ser impreciso e demorado quando se fala no procedimento tradicional de drenar e pesar, ainda muito utilizado pela maioria das empresas de autopeças no desenvolvimento de motores e componentes. Neste trabalho mapeamos os fatores que influenciam na medição e estudamos a possibilidade de mensurar o consumo pelo nível de óleo do motor. Tivemos ótimos resultados quando utilizamos um transdutor de pressão para inferir o nível de óleo no cárter, onde se mediu a altura manométrica que o óleo exerce obtendo boa repetibilidade nos resultados, quando trabalhamos com o amortecimento numérico das medições. O tempo de teste para medição de consumo pôde ser reduzido de 60 para 20 horas de teste com a mesma precisão e, o tempo total dos testes de durabilidade pôde ser reduzido de 6 a 13% em função das paradas para pesagem do óleo que não precisam mais ser realizadas. Com o controle correto dos parâmetros que influenciam a medição, podemos considerar que a complexidade do sistema de medição melhorou em relação ao método de drenar e pesar. Também se diminuiu o manuseio de grandes quantidades de óleo com ganhos em segurança e ergonomia para o operador, além de diminuir riscos para o meio ambiente / Abstract: The measurement of lubricant oil consumption in internal combustion engines is known as inaccurate and too time consuming when used the drain-and-weight method, which is still widely used by several auto-parts companies at engine development. During this research, we studied the parameters that have an effect on this kind of measurement and tested the oil consumption measurement technique, based on the oil level in the oil pan. Great results were achieved by using a pressure transducer to assess the engine-oil level and measuring the oil pressure at the bottom of the oil pan. A good repeatability when damping the measurements with numerical averages was observed. The test duration for oil consumption measurements could be reduced from 60 to 20 hours of testing, with the same accuracy, and the total time of durability tests could be reduced from 6 to 13% due to drain and weight pause that no longer need to be made. After this study, as long as the parameters that have strong influence in the oil measurement are properly controlled, we could consider that the proposed system has lower complexity with respect to the drain-and-weight method, We have also detected improvements regarding safety, ergonomics and environment issues due to the large quantities of oil that is no longer need to be handled with the system proposed / Mestrado / Motores / Mestre em Engenharia Automobilistica

Orientador: Ricardo Luiz Coltro Antunes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T19:46:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Praun_LucieneidaDovao_D.pdf: 2161036 bytes, checksum: 6a1a55be7e47b28738b6c7b0d1e11f44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A pesquisa ora apresentada trata do impacto da reorganização do trabalho e da produção fundada nos pressupostos do toyotismo, em curso no Brasil a partir dos anos 1990, sobre a saúde dos trabalhadores. Tem como pressuposto a análise teórica que articula as alterações ocorridas no interior dos locais de trabalho, em escala global, a um processo mais amplo de reorganização do padrão de acumulação capitalista. Para desenvolvimento da pesquisa tomou-se como objeto de estudo a General Motors do Brasil (GMB), particularmente a planta produtiva instalada no município de São José dos Campos/SP. Especificamente sobre a planta localizada no interior paulista foram analisadas 1.517 Comunicações de Acidentes de Trabalho (CAT), sendo 579 emitidas pela GM e as restantes, 938, pelo Sindicato dos Metalúrgicos de São José dos Campos. A análise destes documentos, da pesquisa bibliográfica, do acesso a outras fontes documentais, assim como a realização de entrevistas focalizadas com os trabalhadores da General Motors do Brasil, possibilitaram a construção de um panorama das condições de trabalho presentes na respectiva planta e seu impacto sobre os trabalhadores. Buscou-se ainda, por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, a relação do fenômeno estudado a partir de um local específico com processos mais amplos, em andamento, que articulam precarização, aceleração do ritmo e intensidade do trabalho, ao aumento expressivo, no mundo inteiro, da incidência de acidentes e doenças profissionais e do trabalho / Abstract: The present research reveals the significant impact upon labor reorganization and production oriented towards the so-called Toyotism, which is in progress in Brazil since the 1980¿s and closely related to workplace health. The research theoretically focuses on the changes detected in the work environment, influenced by a lengthy process of capitalist accumulation. In order to carry out the study, a General Motors Brazil (GMB) plant located in São José dos Campos was selected. More specifically, 1517 work accident claims were analyzed, of which 579 were filed by GM and 938 by the Labor Union in São José dos Campos. Based on the critical analysis of documents and interviews with GM workers a framework for the working conditions in the aforementioned plant and the impact on workers was developed. The research also sheds light on the process which brings about precarious work, rhythm acceleration and labor intensity in view of the considerable growth of workplace injury and illness / Doutorado / Sociologia / Doutora em Sociologia

Current-Controlled Pulse Width Modulated (CC-PWM) Voltage Source Inverters (VSIs) are extensively employed in high performance drives (HPD) because of the considerable advantages offered by them, such as, excellent dynamic response and inherent over-current protection, as compared to the voltage-controlled PWM (VC-PWM) VSIs. Amongst the different types of CC-PWM techniques, hysteresis current controllers offer significant simplicity in implementation. However, conventional type of hysteresis controllers (with independent comparators) suffers from some well-known drawbacks, such as, limit cycle oscillations (especially at lower speeds of operation of machine), overshoot in current error, generation of sub-harmonic components in the current, and random (non-optimum) switching of inverter voltage vectors. Common problems associated with the conventional, as well as current error space phasor based hysteresis controllers with fixed bands (boundary), are the wide variation of switching frequency in the fundamental output cycle and variation of switching frequency with the change in speed of the load motor. These problems cause increased switching losses in the inverter, non-optimum current ripple, excess harmonics in the load current and subsequent additional machine heating. A continuously varying parabolic boundary for the current error space phasor is proposed previously to get the switching frequency variation pattern of the output voltage of the hysteresis controller based PWM inverter similar to that of voltage controlled space vector PWM (VC SVPWM) based VSI. But the major problem associated with this technique is the requirement of two outer parabolas outside the current error space phasor boundary for the identification of sector change which gives rise to some switching frequency variations in one fundamental cycle and over the entire operating speed range. It also introduces 5th and 7th harmonic components in the voltage causing 5th and 7th harmonic currents in the induction motor. These harmonic currents causes 6th harmonic torque pulsations in the machine. This thesis proposes a new technique which replaces the outer parabolas and uses current errors along orthogonal axes for detecting the sector change, so that a fast and accurate detection of sector change is possible. This makes the voltage harmonic spectrum of the proposed hysteresis controller based inverter exactly matching with that of a constant switching frequency SVPWM based inverter. This technique uses the property that the current error along one of the orthogonal axis changes its direction during sector change. So the current error never goes outside the parabolic boundary as in the case of outer parabolas based sector change technique. So the proposed new technique for sector change eliminates the 5th and 7th harmonic components from the applied voltage and thus eliminates the 5th and 7th harmonic currents in the motor. So there will be no introduction of 6th harmonic torque pulsations in the motor. Using the proposed scheme for sector change and parabolic boundary for current error space phasor, simulation study was carried out using Matlab-Simulink. Simulation study showed that the switching frequency variations in a fundamental cycle and over the entire speed range of the machine upto six step mode operation is similar to that of a VC-SVPWM based VSI. The proposed hysteresis controller is experimentally verified on a 3.7 kW IM drive fed with a two-level VSI using vector control. The proposed current error space phasor based hysteresis controller providing constant switching frequency is completely implemented on the TI TMS320LF2812 DSP controller platform. The three-phase reference currents are generated depending on the frequency command and the controller is tested with drive for the entire operating speed range of the machine in forward and reverse directions. Steady state and transient results of the proposed drive are presented in this thesis. This thesis also proposes a new hysteresis controller which eliminates parabolic boundary and replaces it with a simple online computation of the boundary. In this proposed new hysteresis controller the boundary computed in the present sampling interval is used for identifying next vector to be switched. This thesis gives a detailed mathematical explanation of how the boundary is computed and how it is used for selecting vector to be switched in a sector. It also explains how the sector in which stator voltage vector is present is determined. The most important part of this proposed hysteresis controller is the estimation of stator voltages along alpha and beta axes during active and zero vector periods. Estimation of stator voltages are carried out using current errors along alpha and beta axes and steady state equivalent circuit of induction motor. Using this estimated stator voltages along alpha and beta axes, instantaneous phase voltages are computed and used for finding individual voltage vector switching times. These switching times are used for the computation of hysteresis boundary for individual vectors. So the hysteresis boundary for individual vectors are exactly calculated and used for vector change detection, making phase voltage harmonic spectrum exactly similar to that of constant switching frequency VC SVPWM inverter. Sector change detection is very simple, since we have the estimated stator voltages along alpha and beta axes to give exact position of stator voltage vector. Simulation study to verify the steady state as well as transient performance of the proposed controller based VSI fed IM drive is carried out using Simulink tool box of Matlab Simulation Software. The proposed hysteresis controller is experimentally verified on a 3.7 kW IM drive fed with a two-level VSI using vector control. The proposed current error space phasor based hysteresis controller providing constant switching frequency profile for phase voltage is implemented on the TI TMS320LF2812 DSP controller platform. The three-phase reference currents are generated depending on the frequency command and the proposed hysteresis controller is tested with drive for the entire operating speed range of the machine in forward and reverse directions. Steady state and transient results of the proposed drive are presented for different operating conditions.

No description available.

On-road remote sensing has the ability to operate in real-time, and under real world conditions, making it an ideal candidate for detecting gross polluters on major freeways and thoroughfares. In this study, remote sensing was employed to detect carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NO). On-road remote sensing data taken from measurements performed in six states, (Arizona, California, Colorado, Illinois, Texas, and Utah) were cleaned and analyzed. Data mining and exploration were first undertaken in order to search for relationships among variables such as make, year, engine type, vehicle weight, and location. Descriptive statistics were obtained for the three pollutants of interest. The data were found to have non-normal distributions. Applied transformations were ineffective, and nonparametric tests were applied. Due to the extremely large sample size of the dataset (508,617 records), nonparametric tests resulted in "p" values that demonstrated "significance." The general linear model was selected due to its ability to handle data with non-normal distributions. The general linear model was run on each pollutant with output producing descriptive statistics, profile plots, between-subjects effects, and estimated marginal means. Due to insufficient data within certain cells, results were not obtained for gross vehicle weight and engine type. The "year" variable was not directly analyzed in the GLM because "year" was employed in a weighted least squares transformation. "Year" was found to be a source of heteroscedasticity; and therefore, the basis of a least-squares transformation. Grouped-years were analyzed using medians, and the results were displayed graphically. Based on the GLM results and descriptives, Japanese vehicles typically had the lowest CO, HC, and NO emissions, while American vehicles ranked high for the three. Illinois, ranked lowest for CO, while Texas ranked highest. Illinois and Colorado were lowest for HC emissions, while Utah and California were highest. For NO, Colorado ranked highest with Texas and Arizona, lowest.

No description available.

In this thesis, after a comprehensive literature review on different conventional and predictive torque control strategies for switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives, two online methods and one offline multi-objective optimization-based method are proposed to extend the operating speed range of finite control set model predictive torque control (FCS-MPTC) for SRM by adaptively controlling the commutation angles in the entire speed range. Furthermore, a method is proposed to minimize the steady state torque tracking error of FCS-MPTC for SRM drives. The incapability of the conventional FCS-MPTC in controlling the commutation angles, which is considered as one of the main drawbacks of the conventional FCS-MPTC, limits its application for high-speed torque control of SRM drives. The phase turn-off angle is always selected to be close to the aligned position with the conventional FCS-MPTC regardless of the operating speed. However, commutation angle advancement is required for high-speed torque control of SRM drives to limit the negative phase torque resulting from the current tail after the turn-off angle in the generating region. Excessive negative torque with the conventional FCS-MPTC at higher speeds can result in a degraded performance with high rms current, low average torque, high torque ripple, and reduced efficiency. The phase turn-off angle can be adaptively controlled as speed changes with the first online commutation angle control strategy proposed in this thesis. This method is based on predicting the free-wheeling phase current in an extended time interval which is much bigger than the prediction horizon of FCS-MPTC. The second online turn-off angle control method is also proposed by improving the optimality condition defined for determining the optimal turn-off angle. The optimality condition is determined by calculating the work done by the conducting phase after the phase is turned off. The weighting factor of the objective function of FCS-MPTC is kept constant with both proposed online methods. An offline multi-objective optimization-based strategy is proposed to determine the globally optimal turn-off angle and the weighting factor in the entire operating torque and speed ranges. The effectiveness of both proposed online methods and the offline commutation angle control strategy is verified using simulations and experimental results. The results are also compared to the conventional FCS-MPTC and the indirect average torque control with optimized conduction angles which is considered as one of the main conventional torque control strategies for SRM drives. In order to minimize the torque tracking error as a result of either parameter uncertainties or tracking multiple objectives with a single objective function with weighting factors, a method is proposed which is based on updating the reference torque at each sample time by calculating the average torque tracking error in the previous sample times. The validity of the proposed method is verified using simulations. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)