Information regarding spawning site fidelity and movement patterns of the American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) is crucial for developing effective conservation and management strategies on the correct spatial scale. To investigate the spatial ecology of American horseshoe crabs, 75 adult animals were tracked off the coast of Chatham, Cape Cod, MA from June 2010 to November 2011 using acoustic telemetry. Two groups of horseshoe crabs were tagged in spawning habitats (separated by ~2.0 km) with differing commercial harvesting pressure: one group inside Stage Harbor, where harvesting is permitted and the other within a Marine Protected Area (MPA) where harvesting is prohibited. Network analysis revealed that horseshoe crabs exhibited fidelity to spawning habitat, but not necessarily to the habitat where they were initially tagged. Fifty-nine percent of horseshoe crabs tagged inside Stage Harbor were detected in the MPA and 13% of horseshoe crabs tagged in the MPA were detected inside Stage Harbor. Although horseshoe crabs were utilizing both spawning habitats, predictive modeling revealed little temporal overlap, suggesting that horseshoe crabs from the two spawning habitats represent local populations. Isolated and local populations are more susceptible to overexploitation than are larger populations with many migrants. To protect against overharvest and extinction of isolated and local populations, the correct identification of management units (MUs) must be a priority of fisheries managers. Horseshoe crab populations around Cape Cod, Massachusetts and New England behave differently, requiring the collection of more information so that conservation tools such as MUs or MPAs can be used most effectively.

No description available.

I radiotracked 31 bog turtles (<i>Clemmys muhlenbergii</i>) from May 1995 to December 1996 at 4 study areas in southwestern Virginia. Radio location data were used to provide measures of annual activity, spatial distributions of animals, and habitat selection. The techniques I used in this study were as follows: distance measurements between consecutive locations, home range estimators (Minimum Convex Polygon [MCP] and cluster analysis), compositional analysis of habitat selection, and measurement of microhabitat variables. Results suggest a random pattern of movement by bog turtles within habitats. Average net movements recorded between consecutive locations (separated by < 7 days) during 1995 and 1996 measured 15 m and 20 m for females and 14 m and 23 m for males respectively. Eighty-six percent of all net movements (n = 824) were less than 30 m, whereas only 2% were greater than 100 m. In 1996, average home range sizes (95% MCP, 95% cluster) were 0.47 ha and 0.17 ha for females and were 0.57 ha and 0.13 ha for males. Bog turtles selected wet meadow areas and bulrush (<i>Scirpus</i> spp.) patches more than expected randomly and avoided dry meadow areas and streams. Turtles were located more frequently in mud (x = 24.3 cm) and water (x = 5.2 cm) than expected by random selection (P < 0.001). I found no differences between sexes in movement, home range, or habitat selection by bog turtles. Bog turtles select specialized habitat types and microhabitats within wetlands. Large-scale movements are infrequent and the risk of site isolation may be high if wetland habitat loss continues at historic rates. Future management should protect spatially-close sites which contain multiple habitat types, soft substrate, and pockets of water. / Master of Science

Titel: Se, hör &amp; shoppa! En undersökning kring hur det med visuell och auditiv stimuli går att påverka kundens rörelsemönster och köpbeteende i butik. Författare: Klara Johansson, Marina Johansson Handledare: Professor Bertil Hultén Examinator: Universitetslektor Leif V Rytting Kurs: Företagsekonomi III – Examensarbete inriktning detaljhandel och service management (kandidat) 15hp Problemformulering: Hur påverkas kundens rörelsemönster och köpbeteende i en butiksmiljö med hjälp av visuella stimuli samt auditivt stimuli? Syfte: Syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka, analysera och klargöra huruvida kundens rörelsemönster och köpbeteende kan påverkas med hjälp av sensoriska stimuli. Vi vill med hjälp av en multisensorisk upplevelse, vita pilar samt ljudet av fågelkvitter, försöka påverka kundens vägval i butiken för att bidra till att denne ska uppmärksamma större del av butiksytan. Metod: Examensarbetet har utformats med ett deduktivt angreppssätt. Vi har gjort en kvantitativ analys med en experimentell ansats. En omfattande litteraturstudie har legat till grund för de hypoteser som formulerats, i syfte att svara på forskningsfrågan. Primärdata har samlats in genom sammanlagt 1347 observationer på Plantagen i Kalmar. Slutsats: En slutsats av arbetet är att kunderna påverkas till att följa visuella stimuli i form av pilar. Det är därmed möjligt att påverka kunden att se mer av butikens yta med hjälp av visuella stimuli. Vi kan även visa att tillsättning av auditivt stimuli och visuella stimuli påverkar köpbeteendet i form av tid spenderad i experimentzonen, men det behövs vidare forskning för att utreda i vilken grad påverkan sker. Nyckelord: Sinnesmarknadsföring, visuell stimuli, auditiv stimuli, butiker, rörelsemönster, multisensorik, kongruens / Title: See, hear &amp; shop! A Study of how visual and auditory stimuli can influence the customer's movement patterns and buying behaviour in store. Authors: Klara Johansson, Marina Johansson Supervisor: Professor Bertil Hultén Ph.D. Examiner: Senior Lecturer Leif V Rytting Ph.D. Course: Business economies III – Retail and service management (C level) Issues: How are the customer's movement patterns and buying behaviour affected in store with the help of visual and auditory stimuli? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate, analyse and clarify whether the customer's movement patterns and buying behaviour can be affected by means of sensory stimuli. With the help of sensory marketing, white arrows and bird song, we want to influence the customer's choice of direction in the store with the purpose of making the customer notice a wider part of the store. Methodology: The thesis has been designed with a deductive approach. We have done a quantitative analysis with an experimental approach. An extensive search for literature has been the basis of the hypotheses formulated, in order to answer the research question. Primary data were collected through a total of 1347 observations at Plantagen in Kalmar. Findings: A finding of this thesis is that customers are influenced to follow the visual stimuli by the means of white arrows. It is thereby possible to affect customers to notice a wider part of the store by the means of visual stimuli. We can also show that adding auditory stimuli and visual stimuli can affect the buying behaviour in the matter of time spent in the experimental zone, although further research is required to exam to which extent the impact occurs. Keywords: Sensory marketing, visual stimuli, auditory stimuli, in stores, movement patterns, multisensory, congruence

The town square is an important public space and is often described as the city´s living room. By creating a lively city center a sense of security is developed among the citizens which makes them wanting to use the town square regardless the time of the day. One important meeting point in Gävle is the centrally located Stortorget, sited between Drottninggatan and Nygatan. The town square went through an extensive renovation followed by both positive and negative reactions among the City´s inhabitants.  The aim with the study was to investigate the main walking paths and meeting points as a planning support to Gävle Municipality in their work with a new city plan.   By studying the pedestrian movement patterns at Stortorget, Nygatan and Drottninggatan, the main walking paths and meeting points during all hours of the day was obtained. The study included camera observations at Stortorget which was complemented by space syntax analysis in Geographical Information Systems (GIS). These methods have, together with interviews of the visitors at Stortorget and earlier studies, ended in different development suggestions. The developments suggestions aim to create a more pleasant place with more movement throughout the day. This is achieved through the construction of more secondary seats, increase the plant growth, improve the street lighting, entend the cycle parking and improve the playground and market trade.   Conclusions drawn from this study shows that there are a number of factors that affect pedestrian movement patterns, including distance, weekday, money, security, opening times, weather, layout and design. It has also been found that the main routes are along Drottninggatan, Nygatan, the square edges and diagonally across the square. The pattern was found regardless of time of day or day of week. However, the flow varied depending on the day of week and time of day. / Torg är en viktig allmän plats för stadens invånare och beskrivs ofta som stadens vardagsrum. Genom att skapa en aktiv stadskärna framkallas en trygghet hos invånarna som gör att de vågar använda torget oavsett tid på dygnet. En viktig mötesplats i Gävle är det centralt belägna Stortorget som är lokaliserat mellan Drottninggatan och Nygatan. Torget genomgick mellan 2009 och 2010 en omfattande renovering vilket har resulterat i både positiva och negativa reaktioner hos invånarna. Syftet med arbetet var att undersöka de huvudsakliga gångstråken och mötesplatserna som stöd för Gävle Kommun i deras arbete vid upprättandet av en ny centrumplan.   Genom studier av gåendes rörelsemönster på Stortorget, Nygatan och Drottninggatan erhölls de huvudsakliga gångstråken och mötesplatserna under dygnets alla timmar. Studierna innefattade kameraobservationer över torget som kompletterades med en space syntax analys i GIS (geografiska informationssystem). Dessa metoder har tillsammans med intervjuer av torgets besökare samt tidigare studier, resulterat i olika utvecklingsförslag för Stortorget, Nygatan och Drottninggatan. Utvecklingsförslagen syftade till att skapa en trivsammare plats med mer rörelse under hela dygnet. En trivsam plats med mer rörelse skulle uppnås genom att uppföra fler sekundära sittplatser, öka växtligheten, förbättra belysningen, utöka cykelparkeringen, samt förbättra lekplatsen och torghandeln.   Slutsatser som kan dras utifrån studien är att det finns en rad faktorer som påverkar gåendes rörelsemönster, bland annat avstånd, veckodag, ekonomi, trygghet, öppettider, väder, torgets utformning och design. Det har även konstaterats att de huvudsakliga stråken är längs med Drottninggatan, Nygatan, torgets kanter, samt diagonalt över torget, och återfanns oavsett tid på dygnet eller veckodag. Däremot varierade flödet beroende på veckodag och tid på dygnet.

Studying the reintroduction of hand-raised wolves may embrace several interests such as deepening knowledge on wolf biology and allowing a controlled release in isolated populations in need of genetic influx. Studies on hand-raised wild animals, showing successful reintroduction, suggested that young released wolves might be able to survive in the wild without previous fastidious training. Most of their survival behaviours would be instinctive. In this study, nine young wolves were reintroduced in Tver region (Russia) and followed in order to evaluate their fear of humans, their movement patterns, thanks to GPS-Argos collars fitted to three of the animals, and assess their diet via four methods of scats analysis. We analyzed 46 wolf scats collected from August 2010 to January 2011. We determined the frequency of occurrences of items per scats and per items, and used the Relative Estimated Bulk to estimate the biomass of prey species consumed. Statistics were conducted to test for significance of method comparisons. The results showed that half of the wolves remained near the enclosure weeks to months after release, occasionally leaving the vicinity. The individual wolves behaved differently, they adopted various movement patterns and had diverse home ranges (from 15 km2 to 40 km2). Released wolves preyed more on ungulates, especially moose and on other wild mammals such as mountain hare. They also sporadically hunted domestic animals and regularly consumed vegetal matter along with smaller animals as alternative prey. Finally, all scat-analysis methods significantly assessed (p &lt; 0.01) the relative importance of the main food types.

abstract: Head movement is a natural orienting behavior for sensing environmental events around us. Head movement is particularly important for identifying through the sense of hearing the location of an out-of-sight, rear-approaching target to avoid danger or threat. This research aims to design a portable device for detecting the head movement patterns of common marmoset monkeys in laboratory environments. Marmoset is a new-world primate species and has become increasingly popular for neuroscience research. Understanding the unique patterns of their head movements will improve its values as a new primate model for uncovering the neurobiology of natural orienting behavior. Due to their relatively small head size (5 cm in diameter) and body weight (300-500 g), the device has to meet several unique design requirements with respect to accuracy and workability. A head-mount wireless tracking system was implemented based on inertial sensors that are capable of detecting motion in the Yaw, Pitch and Roll axes. The sensors were connected to the encoding station, which transmits wirelessly the 3-axis movement data to the decoding station at the sampling rate of ~175 Hz. The decoding station relays this information to the computer for real-time display and analysis. Different tracking systems, based on the accelerometer and Inertial Measurement Unit is implemented to track the head movement pattern of the marmoset head. Using these systems, translational and rotational information of head movement are collected, and the data analysis focuses on the rotational head movement in body-constrained marmosets. Three stimulus conditions were tested: 1) Alert, 2) Idle 3) Sound only. The head movement patterns were examined when the house light was turned on and off for each stimulus. Angular velocity, angular displacement and angular acceleration were analyzed in all three axes. Fast and large head turns were observed in the Yaw axis in response to the alert stimuli and not much in the idle and sound-only stimulus conditions. Contrasting changes in speed and range of head movement were found between light-on and light-off situations. The mean peak angular displacement was 95 degrees (light on) and 55 (light off) and the mean peak angular velocity was 650 degrees/ second (light on) and 400 degrees/second (light off), respectively, in response to the alert stimuli. These results suggest that the marmoset monkeys may engage in different modes of orienting behaviors with respect to the availability of visual cues and thus the necessity of head movement. This study provides a useful tool for future studies in understanding the interplay among visual, auditory and vestibular systems during nature behavior. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Bioengineering 2015

Body size is a fundamental structural characteristic of organisms, determining critical life history and physiological traits, and influencing population dynamics, community structure, and ecosystem function. For my dissertation, I focused on effects of body size on habitat use and diet of important coastal fish predators, as well as their influence on faunal communities in Bahamian wetlands. First, using acoustic telemetry and stable isotope analysis, I identified high variability in movement patterns and habitat use among individuals within a gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) and schoolmaster snapper (L. apodus) population. This intrapopulation variation was not explained by body size, but by individual behavior in habitat use. Isotope values differed between individuals that moved further distances and individuals that stayed close to their home sites, suggesting movement differences were related to specific patterns of foraging behavior. Subsequently, while investigating diet of schoolmaster snapper over a two-year period using stomach content and stable isotope analyses, I also found intrapopulation diet variation, mostly explained by differences in size class, individual behavior and temporal variability. I then developed a hypothesis-testing framework examining intrapopulation niche variation between size classes using stable isotopes. This framework can serve as baseline to categorize taxonomic or functional groupings into specific niche shift scenarios, as well as to help elucidate underlying mechanisms causing niche shifts in certain size classes. Finally, I examined the effect of different-sized fish predators on epifaunal community structure in shallow seagrass beds using exclusion experiments at two spatial scales. Overall, I found that predator effects were rather weak, with predator size and spatial scale having no impact on the community. Yet, I also found some evidence of strong interactions on particular common snapper prey. As Bahamian wetlands are increasingly threatened by human activities (e.g., overexploitation, habitat degradation), an enhanced knowledge of the ecology of organisms inhabiting these systems is crucial for developing appropriate conservation and management strategies. My dissertation research contributed to this effort by providing critical information about the resource use of important Bahamian fish predators, as well as their effect on faunal seagrass communities.

No description available.

År 2020 slog coronapandemin till i norden och ett av de områden som kom att bli drabbat var Greater Copenhagen vilket är ett samarbete mellan Sverige och Danmark med Öresundsbron som förbindelse. Restriktionerna som begränsade antalet människor som kunde vistas på en och samma plats var en av de primära åtgärderna för att minska smittspridningen av Covid-19 och till följd påverkades Greater Copenhagens rörelsemönster inklusive Öresundsbrons. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera rörelsemönstret över Öresundsbron under Covid-19-pandemin 2019 till 2021, samt föra en diskussion gällande Greater Copenhagens hantering av rörelsemönstret och restriktionerna under pandemin. Metod: För att få svar på frågeställningarna har det samlats in sekundärdata från olika institutioner och författare. Vidare kommer detta att jämföras och diskuteras med hjälp av teori och tidigare forskning. Resultat: Det framkom att coronapandemin haft en inverkan på Greater Copenhagens rörelsemönster och framförallt Öresundsbron. Med en minskning av cirka 3 000 000 fordon mellan åren 2019-2020 till följd av restriktioner och Danmarks gränsstängning. Det framkommer att under sommarmånaderna 2020 och 2021 var trafiken som allra högst. Vidare noteras att antalet fordon över Öresundsbron som mest var 5 496 bilpendlarresor per dag under 2019 medan motsvarande statistik för 2020 visar att siffran endast var 2 025 bilpendlarresor per dag. Detta visar att utvecklingen av rörelsemönstret drabbats av pandemin. / In 2020, the corona pandemic began spreading through the Nordic countries and one of the affected areas was Greater Copenhagen, which is a collaboration between Sweden and Denmark which are connected through the Öresund bridge. When restrictions were introduced, these became the primary measures to reduce the spread of Covid-19 and as a result, Greater Copenhagen's movement patterns, including the Öresund Bridge, were affected. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to analyze the movement pattern over the Öresund Bridge during the Covid-19 pandemic 2019 to 2021, and to have a discussion regarding Greater Copenhagen's handling of the movement pattern and the restrictions during the pandemic. Method: To answer the questions, secondary data was collected from various institutions and authors. Furthermore, this will be compared and discussed with the help of theories and previous research. Results: It emerged that the corona pandemic had an impact on Greater Copenhagen's movement patterns and, above all, the Öresund Bridge. With a reduction of approximately 3,000,000 vehicles between the years 2019-2020 as a result of restrictions and the border closure of Denmark. It appears that during the summer months of 2020 and 2021, traffic was at its highest. Furthermore, it is noted that the number of vehicles over the Öresund Bridge was 5,496 car commuter trips per day in 2019, while the corresponding statistics for 2020 show that the figure was only 2,025 car commuter trips per day. This shows that the development of the movement pattern was affected by the pandemic.