Este trabalho avaliou aspectos ambientais, culturais, econômicos, de segurança, sociais e tecnológicos da reciclagem de plástico pós-consumo na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RMPA). Os objetivos específicos são: (i) obter um panorama da reciclagem do plástico pós-consumo na RMPA; (ii) identificar benefícios e custos da cadeia de reciclagem do plástico pós-consumo; (iii) identificar problemas, causas e oportunidades relacionadas à triagem dos materiais recicláveis, à reciclagem e transformação de plástico pós-consumo na RMPA. Devido à falta de dados completos mais recentes, o panorama foi construído utilizando dados de 2010 (base de dados governamental e planos municipais de gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos). Entrevistas com atores da triagem de materiais recicláveis, comercialização de sucata plástica, reciclagem e transformação do plástico pós-consumo constituíram o segundo procedimento metodológico na coleta de dados. Foi apresentado um panorama considerando a coleta de resíduos recicláveis e sua triagem, a comercialização, reciclagem e processamento do plástico pós-consumo na RMPA. Não foram encontrados dados de RSU para seis cidades que compunham a RMPA, correspondentes a 9% de sua população. Desta forma estima-se que 91% da população geraram 255.712 toneladas de materiais recicláveis (41% de plásticos), que 22% dos plásticos foram reciclados e que 202.864 toneladas de materiais recicláveis foram enviadas para aterros. Além disto, foi verificado que existiam significativas diferenças de políticas ambientas e de eficiência na reciclagem entre as cidades avaliadas. Para o ano de 2010, cálculos econômicos demonstraram benefícios de R$ 32 milhões na reciclagem do plástico, descontados o custo da coleta seletiva e a manutenção dos centros de triagem. Adicionalmente, foi verificado existir capacidade ociosa nas recicladoras de plástico no Rio Grande do Sul. Considerando que dezoito cidades (81% da população) recuperaram somente 19% dos materiais recicláveis gerados na região através da triagem da coleta seletiva ou bruta, as prováveis causas do envio de grande quantidade de materiais recicláveis para o aterro são a baixa eficiência da população ao separar em casa os resíduos recicláveis dos demais resíduos e a baixa taxa de participação da população na coleta seletiva. Ainda faltava implantar coleta seletiva em dezesseis cidades da RMPA. Entretanto, o aumento na frequência da coleta seletiva poderia aumentar o índice de participação na maioria das cidades e o aumento do pessoal na triagem de coleta bruta poderia aumentar a recuperação de recicláveis. Além disto, R$ 150 milhões seria o benefício por reciclar 89.837 toneladas de materiais recicláveis enviados para o aterro em 2010. / This work aims to address environmental, cultural, economic, safe, social and technological aspects involved in the recycling scene of post-consumer plastics in the Porto Alegre Metropolitan Area (RMPA). The specific goals are to identify: (i) benefits and costs of sorting recyclable materials and recycling plastics; (ii) problems, causes and opportunities related to sorting of recyclable materials and post-consumer plastic recycling and processing in the RMPA. Owing to the lack of a more recent complete data base for the RMPA, the recycling scene was built from 2010 data (from integrated waste management plans and Brazilian government database). Interviews with actors involved in the post-consumer plastic recycling of the region were the second collection method used. The recycling scene in the region has been presented, considering collection, sorting, trading, transportation, mechanical recycling and re-processing. Municipal solid waste (MSW) data was not found for six cities, corresponding to 9% of the RMPA population. According to this study estimations, 91% of the RMPA population generated 255,712 tonnes of recyclable materials (41% of plastics), 22% of plastics were mechanically recycled and 202,864 tonnes of recyclable materials (44% of plastics) were sent to landfill sites. Furthermore, it was verified that there are significant differences of policies and recycling efficiency among the cities of the RMPA. For the year of 2010, economic calculations demonstrated benefits of R$32 million in plastic recycling, discounted the cost of the selective collection and sorting facilities maintenance. Additionally, it was verified that there is a surplus capacity in recycling companies of the region. Considering that 81% of the RMPA population (18 cities) recovered through selective collection only 19% of existing recyclable material in municipal solid waste, low efficiency in sorting recyclable waste at home and low participation rate of population in selective collection may be considered the primary causes of the problem related to the large amount of plastics arriving at the landfill in the RMPA. However, the increase in the selective collection frequency could also contribute to improve the participation rate in most cities of the region. Besides, R$150 million would be the benefit for recycling 89,837 tonnes of plastics, which were sent to landfill.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:02:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JaisaMSM_DISSERT.pdf: 1990887 bytes, checksum: 688b72060b2aca02d1c2d1bb1e83cfa0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Leachates are effluent produced by decomposition of solid waste, they have complex composition and can be highly toxic. Therefore such percolated liquid should be collected and treated properly to avoid environmental contamination of soil and of water bodies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity through ecotoxicological tests with Ceriodaphnia dubia (Cladocera - Crustacea) of percolated liquids generated in two different systems of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal in the city of Natal/ RN: A Sanitary Landfill in the Metropolitan Region of Natal/ RN, and in a dump off area. Furthermore, it was evaluated the possible contamination of the underground water of the dump off area. Two monthly samples were taken at four points between the months of May/2009 and January/2010. The Point "A" corresponds to the end of the pond leachate treatment in ASRMN; The Point "B" corresponds to a containment pond at the dump. The Point "C" is an area near one of the cells of the dump off area where the leachate outcrops; The Point "D" stands for an underground water well at the area. The last point, called "E" was sampled only once and corresponds to the slurry produced by temporary accumulation of solid waste in the open area of the dump. The ecotoxicological tests, acute and chronic, followed the ABNT 13373/2005 rules, with some modifications. The samples were characterized by measuring the pH number, the dissolved oxygen (DO), the salinity, BOD5, COD, Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Fe, Mg, Ni, and Zn. At Point A, the average number of EC50-48h ranged between 1.0% and 2.77% (v/v), showing a high toxicity of the leachate to C.dubia in all months. To this point, positive correlations were found between the EC50- 48 with precipitation. Negative correlations were found between the EC50- 48h with salinity. At point B there was no response of the acute exposure of organisms to the test samples. At point C the EC50-48h ranged from 17.68% to 35.36% in just two months of the five ones analyzed, not correlated meaning. Point D, the EC50-48h level ranged between 12.31% and 71.27%, showed a negative correlation with, only, precipitation. Although it was observed toxicity of underground water in the Landfill Area, there was no evidence of water contamination by leachate, however, due to the toxic character of this water, additional tests should be conducted to confirm the quality of water that is used for human supply. At point E there was no acute toxicity. These results support the dangers of inappropriate disposal of MSW to water bodies due to the high toxicity of the leachate produced highlighting the necessity of places of safe confinement and a treatment system more effective to it / chorume produzido pela decomposi??o de res?duos s?lidos ? um l?quido de forma??o complexa e altamente t?xico, que deve ser coletado e tratado adequadamente para evitar contamina??o ambiental de solos e corpos aqu?ticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ecotoxicidade de efluentes gerados em dois diferentes sistemas de disposi??o de res?duos s?lidos do munic?pio de Natal/RN, bem como verificar a poss?vel contamina??o de um po?o de abastecimento de ?gua localizado em um desses sistemas, atrav?s de testes de toxicidade com Ceriodaphnia dubia (Cladocera - Crustacea). Duas coletas mensais foram realizadas em quatro pontos entre os meses de Maio/2009 e Janeiro/2010, sendo o ponto A o chorume tratado no Aterro Sanit?rio da Regi?o Metropolitana de Natal (ASRMN), o B uma lagoa de conten??o no lix?o, o C chorume que brota em uma c?lula do lix?o, o D o po?o subterr?neo no lix?o. Um ac?mulo de lixo tempor?rio a c?u aberto gerou produ??o de chorume, que foi coletado uma ?nica vez, sendo denominado ponto E. Os testes ecotoxicol?gicos agudos seguiram a norma da ABNT 13373/2005, com algumas modifica??es. As amostras foram caracterizadas medindo pH, OD, salinidade, DBO5, DQO, Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Fe, Mg, Ni, e Zn. No ponto A, a m?dia da EC50-48h variou entre 1,0% e 2,77% (v/v), mostrando uma alta toxicidade do percolado para a C.dubia em todos os meses. Uma correla??o positiva foi encontrada entre o EC50-48h com a precipita??o, uma negativa com a salinidade. No ponto B n?o houve resposta aguda. No ponto C a CE50-48h variou de 17,68% a 35,36% em apenas dois meses dos cinco analisados e n?o apresentou correla??o significativa. No ponto D a CE50-48h variou entre 12,31% e 71,27% e mostrou uma correla??o negativa apenas com a precipita??o. Os valores dos par?metros f?sico-qu?micos do ponto D n?o indicam contamina??o da ?gua pelo chorume produzido no lix?o, por?m, devido ao car?ter t?xico dessa ?gua, testes complementares devem ser feitos para confirmar a qualidade da ?gua que ? usada para abastecimento humano. No ponto E n?o houve toxicidade aguda. Os resultados afirmam o perigo do descarte inadequado de RSU para os corpos aqu?ticos devido sua alta toxicidade e a necessidade de um sistema de tratamento mais eficaz no ASRMN

Este trabalho avaliou aspectos ambientais, culturais, econômicos, de segurança, sociais e tecnológicos da reciclagem de plástico pós-consumo na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RMPA). Os objetivos específicos são: (i) obter um panorama da reciclagem do plástico pós-consumo na RMPA; (ii) identificar benefícios e custos da cadeia de reciclagem do plástico pós-consumo; (iii) identificar problemas, causas e oportunidades relacionadas à triagem dos materiais recicláveis, à reciclagem e transformação de plástico pós-consumo na RMPA. Devido à falta de dados completos mais recentes, o panorama foi construído utilizando dados de 2010 (base de dados governamental e planos municipais de gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos). Entrevistas com atores da triagem de materiais recicláveis, comercialização de sucata plástica, reciclagem e transformação do plástico pós-consumo constituíram o segundo procedimento metodológico na coleta de dados. Foi apresentado um panorama considerando a coleta de resíduos recicláveis e sua triagem, a comercialização, reciclagem e processamento do plástico pós-consumo na RMPA. Não foram encontrados dados de RSU para seis cidades que compunham a RMPA, correspondentes a 9% de sua população. Desta forma estima-se que 91% da população geraram 255.712 toneladas de materiais recicláveis (41% de plásticos), que 22% dos plásticos foram reciclados e que 202.864 toneladas de materiais recicláveis foram enviadas para aterros. Além disto, foi verificado que existiam significativas diferenças de políticas ambientas e de eficiência na reciclagem entre as cidades avaliadas. Para o ano de 2010, cálculos econômicos demonstraram benefícios de R$ 32 milhões na reciclagem do plástico, descontados o custo da coleta seletiva e a manutenção dos centros de triagem. Adicionalmente, foi verificado existir capacidade ociosa nas recicladoras de plástico no Rio Grande do Sul. Considerando que dezoito cidades (81% da população) recuperaram somente 19% dos materiais recicláveis gerados na região através da triagem da coleta seletiva ou bruta, as prováveis causas do envio de grande quantidade de materiais recicláveis para o aterro são a baixa eficiência da população ao separar em casa os resíduos recicláveis dos demais resíduos e a baixa taxa de participação da população na coleta seletiva. Ainda faltava implantar coleta seletiva em dezesseis cidades da RMPA. Entretanto, o aumento na frequência da coleta seletiva poderia aumentar o índice de participação na maioria das cidades e o aumento do pessoal na triagem de coleta bruta poderia aumentar a recuperação de recicláveis. Além disto, R$ 150 milhões seria o benefício por reciclar 89.837 toneladas de materiais recicláveis enviados para o aterro em 2010. / This work aims to address environmental, cultural, economic, safe, social and technological aspects involved in the recycling scene of post-consumer plastics in the Porto Alegre Metropolitan Area (RMPA). The specific goals are to identify: (i) benefits and costs of sorting recyclable materials and recycling plastics; (ii) problems, causes and opportunities related to sorting of recyclable materials and post-consumer plastic recycling and processing in the RMPA. Owing to the lack of a more recent complete data base for the RMPA, the recycling scene was built from 2010 data (from integrated waste management plans and Brazilian government database). Interviews with actors involved in the post-consumer plastic recycling of the region were the second collection method used. The recycling scene in the region has been presented, considering collection, sorting, trading, transportation, mechanical recycling and re-processing. Municipal solid waste (MSW) data was not found for six cities, corresponding to 9% of the RMPA population. According to this study estimations, 91% of the RMPA population generated 255,712 tonnes of recyclable materials (41% of plastics), 22% of plastics were mechanically recycled and 202,864 tonnes of recyclable materials (44% of plastics) were sent to landfill sites. Furthermore, it was verified that there are significant differences of policies and recycling efficiency among the cities of the RMPA. For the year of 2010, economic calculations demonstrated benefits of R$32 million in plastic recycling, discounted the cost of the selective collection and sorting facilities maintenance. Additionally, it was verified that there is a surplus capacity in recycling companies of the region. Considering that 81% of the RMPA population (18 cities) recovered through selective collection only 19% of existing recyclable material in municipal solid waste, low efficiency in sorting recyclable waste at home and low participation rate of population in selective collection may be considered the primary causes of the problem related to the large amount of plastics arriving at the landfill in the RMPA. However, the increase in the selective collection frequency could also contribute to improve the participation rate in most cities of the region. Besides, R$150 million would be the benefit for recycling 89,837 tonnes of plastics, which were sent to landfill.

nÃo hà / A taxa da geraÃÃo dos resÃduos sÃlidos urbanos (RSU) cresce muito mais do que a da populaÃÃo urbana, atà mesmo em regiÃes onde o percentual de natalidade à elevado. Os motivos deste crescimento podem ser vÃrios, todavia os fatores culturais e econÃmicos sÃo os mais relevantes. Os impactos ambientais decorrentes deste crescimento podem ser notados, principalmente nas grandes cidades, como Fortaleza-CE, com caracterÃsticas de cidade comercial e turÃstica. Esta pesquisa procurou analisar as razÃes do crescimento dos resÃduos urbanos, mais particularmente no Brasil e na cidade de Fortaleza. Procurou-se como hipÃtese principal a correlaÃÃo da geraÃÃo dos resÃduos sÃlidos urbanos com o crescimento econÃmico, ocasionado pelo consumismo. Foram estudados os indicadores de sustentabilidade influentes para o crescimento da geraÃÃo dos resÃduos. Por meio da ferramenta estatÃstica SPSS, foram selecionados os indicadores correlatos, e daà aplicou-se uma regressÃo mÃltipla para encontrar a equaÃÃo-resposta que quantifica o total gerado dos resÃduos urbanos para Fortaleza, no perÃodo entre 2001 a 2011. Os resultados obtidos representam bem os indicadores, pois a confiabilidade foi de 80,9% do valor previsto. Os restantes 19,1% sÃo explicados por outros indicadores que nÃo estÃo no modelo. Os indicadores de sustentabilidade escolhidos foram: INPC, IPCA, Ãndice de GINI, consumo de energia elÃtrica, PIB, consumo de Ãgua tratada, tempo, IDH e a populaÃÃo urbana. Dentre todos os indicadores analisados, por ordem, os que expressaram maior correlaÃÃo para a equaÃÃo resposta foram o consumo de energia elÃtrica, PIB, consumo de Ãgua tratada, tempo, IDH e a populaÃÃo urbana. De acordo com a equaÃÃo-resposta, validada para o MunicÃpio de Fortaleza, permitiu-se concluir sobre a necessidade de associar o modelo de produÃÃo e consumo moderno com a geraÃÃo de resÃduos sÃlidos urbanos. / The rate of generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) has increased much more than the urban population, even in regions where the birth rate is high. The reasons for this growth can be various, yet the cultural and economic factors are the most relevant. The environmental impacts of this growth can be noticed especially in large cities such as Fortaleza, CE, with characteristics of commercial and tourist city. This research sought to examine the reasons for the growth of the urban waste, particularly in Brazil and in the city of Fortaleza. It was sought as the main hypothesis the correlation of MSW generation and the economic growth, caused by consumerism. We studied the influential sustainability indicators for the growth of waste generation. Through the SPSS statistical tool, we selected the related indicators, and then we applied a multiple regression to find the response equation that quantifies the total of waste to Fortaleza, in the period between 2001 and 2011. The results obtained represent the indicators well because the reliability was 80.9% of the predicted value. The remaining 19.1% is explained by other indicators that are not in the model. Sustainability indicators chosen were: INPC, IPCA, GINI Indicator, power consumption, GDP, consumption of treated water, time, HDI and the urban population. Among all the indicators analyzed, those ones that showed the highest correlation to the response equation were, in order, the electricity consumption, GDP, consumption of treated water, time, HDI and the urban population. According to the equation-response, validated for the city of Fortaleza, allowed to conclude on the need to involve the model of production and consumption with the modern generation of municipal solid waste.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:54:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Wanderlei Pires da Silva.pdf: 2987112 bytes, checksum: 949d7d9c015542bede48e81ae311af9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Since the Manaus Free Trade Zone creation in 1967 the solid wastes become serious problem in whole urban Manaus City. In 2002, the generation of per capita Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Manaus was 1 kg/inhabit./day in average, representing a production of 1,300 t/day. The objectives this present work were i) evaluating the Manaus inhabitant perception on the MSW and the recycling, ii) characterizing the current form of MSW management applied, and iii) proposing a alternative program for MSW managing for town hall of the Manaus. Structured questionnaires were applied in six Manaus geographical zones in which the inhabitants answered on socioeconomic, MSW problems, recycling several aspects, separate collection questions. Findings showed that the Manaus town hall public politics have been completely deficient for solving the MSW problems. However, the results also revealed Manaus inhabitants having a good perception on MSW problems. The respondents were agreed with the implantation of an alternative MSW management including separate collection. / A partir da criação da Zona Franca de Manaus, em 1967, os resíduos sólidos urbanos se tornaram um sério problema em toda a área urbana da cidade de Manaus. Em 2002, a geração de RSU per capita em Manaus era de 1 kg/hab./dia, em média, o que significava uma produção de 1.300 t/dia. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram: i) avaliar a percepção sobre RSU e reciclagem dos habitantes de Manaus, ii) caracterizar a forma atual de manejo dos RSU praticada e iii) propor um programa alternativo para o gerenciamento de RSU no município de Manaus. Questionários estruturados foram aplicados em seis zonas geográficas de Manaus, nos quais os habitantes responderam sobre questões sócio-economicas, problemas de RSU, vários aspectos da reciclagem e coleta seletiva. Os resultados mostraram que as políticas públicas do município de Manaus tem sido completamente deficientes para resolver o problema dos RSU. Entretanto, os resultados reveleram também que os habitants de Manaus têm boa percepção sobre os problemas de RSU. Os entrevistados se mostraram receptivos à implantação de um programa alternativo de gerenciamento de RSU, incluindo coleta seletiva.

Many modern products, especially electronic goods, are protected by brominated flame retardants (BFR). Some of the most common flame retardants are polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE), tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBP-A) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD). These compounds have been found in environmental samples and shown to have physiological effects on experimental animals. This thesis considers end-of-life aspects of brominated flame retardants. When spread in the environment, these compounds may be degraded into other forms. For example, if sludge contaminated with PBDE is used as an agricultural fertilizer, the PBDE could be degraded by sunlight to species of PBDE with lower degree of bromination and, to some extent, also form polybrominated dibenzofurans (PBDF). In addition, PBDF and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDD) are formed during combustion of brominated flame retardants. When waste products with brominated flame retardants are co-combusted with household waste or other chlorinated fuel, polybrominated- chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBCDD) and polybrominated- chlorinated dibenzofurans (PBCDF)will be formed. The bromin/chlorine composition of dioxins and furans is dependent on the bromine/chlorine ratio in the fuel, but the types of brominated flame retardants that are being combusted is less important. In the studies reported here, bromine levels higher than "normal" for household waste has been used. The results show that there is a pronounced increase in total dioxin levels in fluegas when when bromine is present, implying that waste containing brominated flame retardants should only be incinerated at combustion plants with effecient air pollution control devices.

International Maritime Organisation (IMO) har under många år arbetat för att förenkla och harmonisera det administrativa arbetet för fartyg vid hamnanlöp från internationell resa. Syftet har varit att minimera data och förenkla deklarationer och dokument som skall rapporteras till myndigheter i det land som fartyget anlöper. Den senaste åtgärden som gjorts i Europa är EU direktivet 2010/65/EU så kallat Maritime Single Window (MSW). I studien undersöks effekterna av införandet MSW inom EU sett från operatörer knutna till svensk sjöfart. Detta har gjorts i form av en surveyundersökning bestående av ett frågeformulär med totalt 20 frågor. Det genomfördes även semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer för att styrka och jämföra respondenternas svar av frågeformuläret. Resultatet visar att införandet av MSW har medfört en generell ökad arbetsbörda för användarna. Studiens slutsats är att arbetsbördan har ökat till följd av införandet av direktivet, då syftet med direktivet att förenkla och harmonisera inrapportering av fartyg till myndigheter vid hamnanlöp från internationell resa inte helt uppnåtts. / International Maritime Organisation (IMO) have for many years worked to simplify and harmonise the reporting formalities for ships leaving and entering ports in international voyages. The purpose has been to minimize the amount of data and to simplify declarations and documents required port states. The latest action taken in Europe is the EU directive 2010/65/EU so called Maritime Single Window (MSW). This study examine the effects and change in work since Maritime Single Window was implemented in Europe for users connected to the Swedish maritime sector. A survey investigation form was used as method and presented as a questionnaire form with a total nr of 20 questions. Semi structured qualitative interviews were also conducted to compare and confirm the results from the questionnaire form. The study shows that the directive 2010/65/EU has resulted in general increased work for users of Maritime Single Window. The conclusion of the study shows that the increased work is generated by a not yet fulfilled purpose of the directive to harmonise and simplify reporting formalities for ships leaving and entering ports in international voyages.

The work reported involves the evaluation of technologies and management systems applied to Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The study focuses on Mexico City, which with a population of approximately 9 million inhabitants and an estimated daily generation of 13,000 tonnes of waste, is encountering extreme waste management issues. The structures and public policies designed to provide waste management services have proved inadequate in relation to high rates of population growth and intensive business activities. The significant increase in demand has led the government of Mexico City to base public services on rudimentary techniques using obsolete equipment. The research approaches the problem through the analysis of several different aspects: (1) a comprehensive literature review of waste management including technologies and legal frameworks; (2) a general overview of the main demographic, geographic and economic aspects of Mexico City; (3) an extensive analysis of historic and future waste generation profiles and composition of waste in Mexico City; (4) an evaluation of the current status of the waste management system, including programmes, plans, facilities and infrastructure; and (5) a comparative study of the waste management system of Mexico City and the systems of selected international cities. The evaluation resulted in the identification of the following significant issues: (1) limitations in legislation related to waste management and environmental laws; (2) high population growth and increasing business activity, which contribute escalating generation of MSW; (3) ineffective public policies focused on waste management; (4) significant gaps in low levels of recycling activities; (5) obsolescence of equipment, infrastructure and facilities; (6) lack of diversification in treatment methods for MSW; and (7) failure to exploit market opportunities in the waste management sector. In addition to the evaluation of the system in Mexico City, the analysis of waste management systems in selected international cities allowed the author to identify key factors in order to develop integrated proposals. The analysis highlighted significant aspects including: legal frameworks, the participation of the private sector, waste hierarchy, and guiding principles for plans and programmes. The information enabled the design of a proposed development plan of a comprehensive waste management system in Mexico City through two main proposals. Firstly, an integrated programme for waste management in Mexico City was developed to provide feasible long-term strategies in the field of waste management. The specific objectives, goals, actions, responsibilities and time scales were defined in order to provide concrete activities under specific fields of operation. Secondly, a project to obtain funding for technology transfer structured according to technical, market and economic studies, was elaborated. The guide is aimed to exemplify an investment project through the analysis of a feasibility study related to generation of energy from biogas in a controlled landfill in Mexico City. The process may be adapted to the acquisition of technology in different sectors of the waste management process.

This diploma thesis provides extensive research of municipal solid waste studies and methodologies from all over the world. Firstly, the studies are described in general and then divided into several groups depending on the principle of their working practices, including their advantages and disadvantages. Secondly, the studies are divided by geographic areas. The results of the individual studies are presented and compared. Based on the findings in the thesis, appropriate methodology for municipal solid waste analysis in the Czech Republic is proposed.

This diploma thesis describes construction design of a measuring steering wheel. This mechanism replaces the original steering wheel in the tested vehicle. Connection is made via steering shaft through an adapter. Measured parameters are steering torque and angular position of steering while driving. Measurements obtained during test-ride show some of the dynamic aspects of the tested vehicle.