This professional report is a study of urban housing market forces, housing opportunities of the critical workforce population, Austin’s housing market and an analysis of the apartment market in Austin between 2000 and 2010. The report analyzes the supply and demand of property, its influence on the costs of development and how cities intervene into the market to create housing opportunities for the critical workforce. The income levels of the critical workforce in Austin are related to the current market conditions of the apartment market. / text

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In Brazil, millions of families are excluded from access to decent housing. Besides the scarcity of social housing, the low quality of buildings shows the importance of reviewing standards for new projects that are being built. The objective of this study is to evaluate the thermal performance of buildings constructed under different policies of social housing in four and five story multi-family housing complexes in the city of Santa Maria - RS. Data collection and analysis of building and architectural characteristics of housing complex buildings was made through in loco visits and consultation of architectural projects as well as descriptive memorandums. The thermal capacity of buildings, as well as the occurrence of natural ventilation of autonomous units were factors considered in the selection of buildings that were monitered during a certain period in the summer and in the winter. The analysis of external and internal temperature together with the different building characteristics allowed us to conclude that high thermal capacity together with controlled ventilation and good sealing of the wrapping were determining factors in the thermal performance of the buildings. A good isolation of the roof as important or more important than solar orientation. The results present a realistic diagnosis, which may serve as a base for other studies aiming to improve thermal performance in future social housing programs in Santa Maria and the surrounding area. / No Brasil milhões de famílias estão excluídas do acesso à moradia digna. Além do déficit habitacional, a baixa qualidade das construções evidencia a importância de se rever o padrão dos novos empreendimentos que estão sendo construídos. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o desempenho térmico de edificações construídas por diferentes políticas de habitação popular em conjuntos habitacionais multifamiliares de quatro a cinco pavimentos na cidade de Santa Maria - RS. Foi realizado o levantamento e análise das características construtivas e arquitetônicas de edifícios localizados em Conjuntos Habitacionais, através de visitas in loco e consultas aos projetos arquitetônicos e memoriais descritivos. A capacidade térmica do edifício, juntamente com a possibilidade de ocorrência de ventilação natural das unidades autônomas foram as características determinantes na seleção dos edifícios que posteriormente foram monitorados durante um determinado período no verão e no inverno. A análise dos valores de temperatura externas e internas obtidos através do monitoramento relacionadas com as características construtivas dos diferentes edifícios permitiu concluir que a alta capacidade térmica aliada a uma ventilação controlada e uma boa vedação do envoltório foram determinantes no desempenho térmico dos edifícios. Um bom isolamento da cobertura se mostrou tão ou mais importante que uma boa orientação solar. Apresenta-se um diagnóstico da realidade, que poderá servir de subsídio para outros estudos visando à melhoria do desempenho térmico das habitações de interesse social dos futuros programas a serem implementados no município de Santa Maria e região.

Cette thèse a pour objectif d'évaluer l'efficacité des dispositifs publics qui visent à inciter les agents à rénover leur logement afin d'en réduire la consommation énergétique. Il s'agit de combiner les deux dimensions clés de l'évaluation ex-post de l'intervention : la dimension récapitulative qui revient à déterminer l'efficacité des mesures mises en œuvre et la dimension formative qui vise à comprendre les résultats obtenus et à identifier les voies d'amélioration. Cela nécessite dans un premier temps de réaliser une analyse détaillée des facteurs qui sont à l'origine du faible niveau d'investissements, qualifié de déficit d'efficacité énergétique (« energy efficiency gap »). Ce déficit est dû à la présence de défaillances de marchés, aux conséquences de la rationalité limitée des ménages, ainsi qu'aux difficultés de coordination entre agents en particulier dans le cadre de la copropriété. Dans un deuxième temps il convient d'analyser le déficit d'efficacité énergétique en comparant les prescriptions qui peuvent être issues des calculs utilisés en économie publique concernant les investissements à réaliser, avec les données issues des études de terrain sur les investissements effectifs. Cette analyse permet de bien identifier les critères de décisions des ménages et ainsi de comprendre comment les barrières à l'efficacité énergétique se manifestent. L'identification des différentes barrières permet alors, dans un troisième temps, de voir si les dispositifs d'incitations aujourd'hui en application en France permettent de lever tous les obstacles aux investissements d'amélioration énergétique. Il apparaît que la multitude de dispositifs mis en œuvre ne peut suffire à réduire fortement le déficit d'efficacité énergétique. D'une part, certaines barrières ne sont pas levées car aucun outil approprié n'existe. D'autre part, certains facteurs de blocages, ne sont que partiellement traités car l'utilisation pratique des outils diffèrent de leur conception théorique. Finalement, l'analyse des programmes de réhabilitation thermique des logements qui ont été engagés sur le territoire grenoblois permet de déterminer l'efficacité des dispositifs additionnels c'est à dire d'évaluer dans quelle mesure ces interventions «renforcées» permettent de lever les barrières qui n'ont pu l'être avec les dispositifs nationaux. La mise en perspective de ces quatre analyses successives – des causes du déficit ; de sa manifestation ; des instruments nationaux ; des programmes mis en œuvre à l'échelle locale – aboutit à la conclusion d'un nécessaire renforcement des mesures non financières pour l'accompagnement des agents afin d'amorcer la dynamique d'investissement et ainsi créer les conditions de l'efficacité des instruments économiques plus généraux. / This PhD dissertation focuses on energy efficiency policies in housing. It aims at evaluating the effectiveness of public incentives designed to increase household's investment in energy efficiency of their dwelling. To reach this objective this research combines the two key dimensions of ex-post evaluation, i.e. summary and formative dimensions. The first one aims at knowing the effectiveness of public policies whereas the other one targets to understand what the public policies' consequences are and to identify ways for improvement. To reach this purpose, the research follows four steps. Firstly, it requires a detailed analysis to understand the origins of the energy efficiency gap. This gap can be explained by markets failures, consequences of bounded rationality and coordination problem between stakeholders, especially in multi-family dwellings. Secondly, the argument progresses by drawing a parallel between results from normative analysis and from observations of actual level of investments in thermal retrofit actions. It aims at identifying investment households' criteria and then at understanding how barriers to energy efficiency raise. Thirdly, thanks to the inventory of these various energy efficiency barriers it becomes possible to examine if the incentives currently implemented in France can remove them all. It appears that the national policy does not significantly reduce the energy efficiency gap. On the one hand, some barriers remain because no tool has been proposed to overcome them. On the other hand, some barriers are only partially eliminated because the practical use of tools differs from their theoretical design. Finally, using the analysis of retrofitting programs implemented on the Grenoble area this research assesses the effectiveness of additional incentives. The objective is to know to what extent these “reinforced” policies remove barriers still existing after national tools implementation. From these four successive analyses – causes, appearance of the energy efficiency gap, national tools, programs implemented at the local level – we conclude to a necessary strengthening of non-financial measures which support agents to initiate an investment dynamic and in the meanwhile to an increase of the reliability of economic tools, such as taxes or subventions

Purpose: Today the amount of Eco labelled multi-family houses are increasing. The Nordic Swan is a well-known certification that has grown a lot when it’s comes to certifying multi-family houses in Sweden. Unlike other well-known ecolabels there are not many studies done on the Nordic Swan. By studying the certification, and its establishment, in two large projects the goal of this study is to pinpoint weaknesses in the process of attaining the Nordic Swan and then make improvement proposals.Method: In order to provide improvement proposals, a qualitative study was chosen. A study of literature and a document analysis is the foundation of the study by taking theoretical aspects into account, within the Nordic Swan and multi-family housing. The chosen qualitative method is also based on semi structured interviews. The interview respondents were selected as: two production supervisors, a site manager, a quality and environmental coordinator, a project manager and a project developer. All respondents are working daily with the projects, characterized by the Nordic Swan. The different persons were chosen to obtain a high validity of the study. To further increase the validity and its reliability, respondents were given back the empirical data so that they could make further comments and revisions. Reliability was assured by providing well-designed questions.Findings: The goal refers to improvements with the certification, propelling to new knowledge, within the area of the subject. The empirical investigation shows recurring problems with the product database within the certification, seen from the respondent’s experiences of working with the Nordic Swan in projects. They’ve informed about challenges that comes with respective working process. The certification is solid and gives a qualitative product, but has a time-consuming learning process. Overall, the respondent’s focused on the way of working with the ecolabel and the organisations way of managing the product database, both for an older and a new version.The improvement proposals that results from an analyzation of interviews concerns the communication between the Nordic Swan and its customers, how the Nordic Swan’s product database can improve when future versions releases and how the ecolabel could accomplish a greater eco-impact to the projects by promoting “green innovations”.Limitations: The study is limited to the application of the Nordic Swan in multi-family housing in two large projects. As the guidelines in the process do not differ between companies, the result can be considered general. Retrieving information from even more companies on the other hand could have resulted in a more accurate overall result.Implications: The drawn conclusion from the thesis is that the result creates opportunities for improving the certification process. It can also be used to get more companies to use the Nordic Swan. It provides an opportunity for both companies and individuals to farm an understanding regarding the certification. / Kvarteret Mars, Kolla Parkstad.

El presente proyecto de tesis plantea busca optimizar el proceso de gestión de interesados mediante herramienta de mejora continua para una empresa constructora mediana en el distrito de Santiago de Surco. Las empresas constructoras medianas cuentan con potencial de crecimiento económico y organización, lo cual facilitaría su adaptación y estandarización en torno a la gestión de sus interesados, también llamaos Stakeholders para ello se plantea desarrollar una metodología que integre la gestión de interesados y la mejora continua con la finalidad de lograr diferenciar la empresa constructora en relación a las demás. La metodología de investigación del presente proyecto se basa en recolección de información mediante encuestas realizadas a directores de proyectos, data de tres proyectos multifamiliares desarrollados en este distrito e información recomendada por el Project Managment Institute (PMI). Se procesó 61 encuestas realizadas a directores de proyectos multifamiliares del distrito, asimismo se obtuvo información de tres proyectos multifamiliares, de ello se pudo obtener el organigrama del proyecto, identificación de stakeholders, problemas al gestionar a los stakeholders, acciones para gestionar a los interesados, etc. Esta información será analizada mediante herramientas recomendadas por el PMI y el cuadro integrado para la gestión de stakeholders. En base al análisis de los datos obtenidos en las encuestas y los tres proyectos multifamiliares se plantea la propuesta de metodología, la cual está compuesta de 04 componentes: identificación, planificación, desarrollo – gestión y monitoreo, interactuando entre sí con la finalidad de optimizar los procesos de gestión de interesados y comunicaciones, desarrollando la mejora continua. / This thesis project seeks to optimize the stakeholder management process through a continuous improvement tool for a medium sized construction company in the district of Santiago de Surco. The medium-sized construction companies have potential for economic growth and organization, which would facilitate their adaptation and standardization around the management of their stakeholders, also called Stakeholders for this is proposed to develop a methodology that integrates the management of stakeholders and continuous improvement in order to differentiate the construction company in relation to others. The research methodology of this project is based on the collection of information through surveys of project directors, data from three multi-family projects developed in this district and information recommended by the Project Management Institute (PMI). Sixty-one surveys carried out with directors of multi-family projects in the district were processed. Information was also obtained from three multi-family projects, from which it was possible to obtain the organization chart of the project, identification of stakeholders, problems in managing the stakeholders, actions to manage the interested parties, and so on. This information will be analysed using tools recommended by the PMI and the integrated table for stakeholder management. Based on the analysis of the data obtained in the surveys and the three multi-family projects, the proposed methodology is proposed, which is composed of 04 components: identification, planning, development - management and monitoring, interacting with each other in order to optimize the management processes of stakeholders and communications, developing continuous improvement. / Tesis

La presente investigación contempla el diseño de 2 estructuras de 10 pisos, una hecha de concreto convencional y otra de un concreto ligero de arcilla expandida, cabe mencionar que para el diseño y análisis de la estructura de concreto ligero se han considerado criterios del ACI 213R para posteriormente ser verificados con las normativa peruana (norma E030 y E060); sin embargo, analizar una edificación hecha con un material que no ha sido usado con objetivo sismo resistente en nuestra nación, tiene la necesidad de ser evaluado con un método más preciso que el análisis lineal estipulado en nuestra normativa E030. Para este caso, el método de evaluación sísmico está en base al diseño por desempeño que contempla un análisis estático no lineal, el cual permite ver a mejor detalle las diferencias en el comportamiento estructural de ambas edificaciones luego de superar su estado lineal. El objetivo de evaluar ambas estructuras es el de evidenciar la influencia que tiene el uso del concreto ligero en el diseño estructural, comportamiento no lineal, desempeño sísmico y costos en comparación de una estructura de concreto convencional. Tras la evaluación por desempeño sísmico se determinó que, para este caso en específico, las edificaciones convencional y de concreto ligero no cumplen con todos los objetivos de desempeño planteados para una vivienda multifamiliar; sin embargo, la estructura de concreto ligero presenta una mejor respuesta dinámica en comparación de la estructura convencional debido a su principal propiedad, el de presentar un menor peso, que dio como resultados valores de pseudoaceleración mayores al de la estructura de concreto convencional. Finalmente se hace una comparación de costos, donde no se vio mucho ahorro al usar un concreto ligero, pero que este resultado se podría optimizar si se usara el concreto convencional y ligero de forma mixta en una edificación, teniendo en cuenta que el concreto ligero si se puede usar en elementos estructurales que resistan fuerzas sísmicas. / The present investigation contemplates the design of 2 structures of 10 floors, one made of conventional concrete and another of a lightweight concrete of expanded clay, it is worth mentioning that for the design and analysis of the structure of light concrete, criteria of the ACI 213R have been considered for subsequently be verified with Peruvian regulations (E030 and E060); However, to analyze a building made with a material that has not been used with a resistant earthquake objective in our nation, needs to be evaluated with a more precise method than the linear analysis stipulated in our E030 regulations. For this case, the seismic evaluation method is based on the performance design that contemplates a non-linear static analysis, which allows us to see in greater detail the differences in the structural behavior of both buildings after overcoming their linear state. The objective of evaluating both structures is to demonstrate the influence of the use of lightweight concrete in structural design, non-linear behavior, seismic performance and costs in comparison to a conventional concrete structure. After the evaluation for seismic performance, it was determined that, for this specific case, conventional and light concrete buildings do not meet all the performance objectives set for a multi-family home; however, the lightweight concrete structure has a better dynamic response compared to the conventional structure due to its main property, that of presenting a lower weight, which resulted in pseudo-acceleration values greater than that of the conventional concrete structure. Finally, a cost comparison is made, where there was not much savings when using a lightweight concrete, but that this result could be optimized if conventional and lightweight concrete is used mixed in a building, taking into account that the lightweight concrete does It can be used in structural elements that resist seismic forces. / Tesis

Current Federal, State, and local San Francisco housing policy advocates mixed-income housing as a positive approach to creating living environments for low-income families. Strategies for creating mixed-income housing environments include large-scale public housing re-development efforts, inclusionary housing policies, and the use of discretionary funding for mixed-income development projects. Researchers agree that there is not yet enough evidence to support that mixed-income strategies are achieving positive results and have noted that the expected outcomes for mixed-income strategies are founded upon a number of assumptions. It is assumed that a mix of households at varying income levels will result in greater stability, improved access to services and resources, opportunities for social networking, and greater social control leading. This study addresses the root of these assumptions and presents findings regarding the perceived success of mixed-income development in realizing desired outcomes. Results are presented based on in-depth interviews with housing industry experts. This study aims to provide a clearer picture of why mixed-income development has gained popularity and how the strategy may be better understood and utilized in future housing development.

With the current demand for more products, our natural resources will not last for long. Eachyear we consume about 120-130 billion tons of natural resources, which has a high probability ofincreasing as the human population is estimated to be more than nine billion people by the endof 2050. It is necessary to adapt to a circular economy and prioritize material recycling so thatone may stop this depletion of natural resources. The main purpose of this study was to examinehow material recycling works in multi-family housing and whether it differs between real estatecompanies within Umeå municipality. In addition, the amount of incorrectly sorted waste wascompared between the companies. Two surveys were constructed to get the necessary answers,one for tenants and one for property managers. Results from the two surveys showed nosignificant connection between how property managers work regarding recycling and tenants’satisfaction with their current recycling conditions. There were significant differences in howmany fractions the real estate companies offered to collect and how satisfied their tenants werewith the recycling rooms. The tenants wished for cleaner recycling rooms, more informationregarding how to recycle and what happens with the waste as well as sorting equipmentincluded in their apartments. To further improve material recycling in multi-family housing it isnecessary to offer smart recycling solutions in the apartments, regular cleaning of all therecycling rooms and distribute recurring multi-language information regarding recycling.

El tema de la presente tesis busca implementar la gestión BIM en una empresa constructora. La investigación busca conocer el impacto que hubiese generado el implementar al inicio de la ejecución una gestión BIM, nuestro proyecto en estudio no implementó esta herramienta, con esto se quiere conocer el impacto positivo que se hubiese generado en el tiempo del proyecto de haberse implementado esta herramienta. Para nuestra investigación se empleará el análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo. El primer capítulo corresponde al planteamiento metodológico el cual está conformado por la formulación del problema, objetivos, justificación del problema, delimitación y la metodología de estudio. El segundo capítulo corresponde al marco teórico el cual está conformado por los antecedentes de investigación, marco para la implementación de Gestión BIM, Last Planner System y contratos colaborativos. El tercer capítulo corresponde al desarrollo de la investigación el cual está conformado por antecedentes del proyecto, evaluación de los entregables, cronología de la obra, cronogramas, RFI’s y conclusiones. El cuarto capítulo corresponde a la propuesta de solución el cual está conformado por la Implementación PEB, análisis de RFI’s en sesiones ICE, modelamiento de RFI’s, modelamiento BIM, desarrollo 4D con naviswork, cronogramas finales con uso BIM, Análisis Impacto Costo y Análisis impacto pandemia covid-19. El quinto capítulo corresponde a las conclusiones. El sexto capítulo corresponde a las recomendaciones. / The subject of this thesis seeks to implement BIM MANAGEMENT in a construction company. The research seeks to know the impact that was generated by implementing the BIM MANAGEMENT at the beginning of the execution of our project, our project under study did not implement these tools, with this we want to know the positive impact that had been generated in the time of perform implemented these tools. Part of our research, quantitative and qualitative analysis will be used. The first chapter corresponding to the methodological approach which is made up of the formulation of the problem, objectives, justification of the problem, delimitation and the study methodology. The second chapter corresponding to the theoretical framework which is made up of the research background, framework for the implementation of BIM Management and collaborative contracts. The third chapter corresponds to the development of the research which is made up of the executive summary of the project, evaluation of the deliverables, chronology of the work, schedules and RFIs. The fourth chapter corresponds to the solution proposal which is made up of the PEB Implementation, RFI's analysis, RFI's modeling, 4D development, and final schedule. The fifth chapter corresponds to the conclusions. The sixth chapter corresponds to the recommendations. / Trabajo de investigación