Research is a investigation work, a relationship between teaching and practice, resulting in the final product of knowledge production. The research exercise is important to guide the actions of the teacher, because the experiences that he will have through this, since his initial formation, will development a reflexive posture that aims to welcome the diversity and value the individuality of the subjects. This study aimed to analyze the representation of the researcher-teacher by teachers of the elementary school of the public school system in the State of Sergipe who working in Multifuncional Feature Rooms, as well as to analyze the construction of the knowledge produced in their practice through action of the research. As methodological procedure for obtaining data, we carried out a qualitative investigation based on Discourse Analysis, where we used as instrument a semi-structured interview. The results were organized according to the following categories: teacher training, researcher-teacher and research in inclusive education. We conclude that there is a gap between the majority of the research practices developed by the teachers in the classroom, which result in the students' learning, when compared to the training received by the teachers in the undergraduate course.We highlight the research as a vehicle for the development of the knowledge, contributing to the change in behavior and the transformation of the teaching practice itself. In this way, the research extends beyond simply the action of studying, because it is an action inherent to teaching practice that add the organization of knowledge and necessary rigor to the investigative process which is the teaching activity itself. / A pesquisa é um trabalho de investigação, uma relação que vincula o ensino e a prática tendo como produto final a produção do conhecimento. O exercício da pesquisa é importante para orientar as ações do professor, pois as experiências que o mesmo terá lhe constituirão, desde a sua formação inicial, uma postura reflexiva, voltada para o acolhimento da diversidade e da valorização da individualidade do sujeito. A pesquisa teve como objetivo a analisar a representação sobre o professor-pesquisador por docentes da rede básica de ensino no Estado de Sergipe que atuam em SRM, bem como analisar a construção do conhecimento produzido em sua prática, através da ação da pesquisa. Como procedimento metodológico para obtenção dos dados realizamos uma investigação de natureza qualitativa, buscando fundamento na Análise do Discurso, onde utilizamos como instrumento de coleta a entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados foram organizados de acordo com as categorias: formação de professores, professor-pesquisador e pesquisa em educação inclusiva. Concluímos que há um distanciamento da maioria das pesquisas da sala de aula e da aprendizagem dos alunos e a relação com a formação recebida no curso de graduação. A pesquisa é um veículo de desenvolvimento do conhecimento, de mudança de comportamento e transformação da própria prática; pesquisa vai além da mera ação de estudar; a pesquisa é uma ação exigida pela própria prática docente. Pesquisar, portanto, agregará a esse contexto uma organização do conhecimento e um rigor necessário ao processo investigativo que é a própria atividade docente. / São Cristóvão, SE

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-10-30T11:12:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Camila Rocha Cardoso - 2013.pdf: 3925273 bytes, checksum: 9c82703459afc8e9b495ed4d604e3c65 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-10-30T14:32:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Camila Rocha Cardoso - 2013.pdf: 3925273 bytes, checksum: 9c82703459afc8e9b495ed4d604e3c65 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-30T14:32:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Camila Rocha Cardoso - 2013.pdf: 3925273 bytes, checksum: 9c82703459afc8e9b495ed4d604e3c65 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The legislation that deals with Specialized Educational Service provides that it must be based on respect for individual differences and for diversity, with a focus on the ways and conditions of student learning and always maintaining a flexible character. Although this service has as function the support to regular education, we assume that it has not been in line with the educational process of students with special educational needs due to several factors, including the difficulty of implementing the Multifunctional Resource Rooms program and the pedagogical unpreparedness in the action of the teachers who work in these rooms. Thus, we question: how to organize the pedagogical work of the specialized educational services in the Multifunctional Resource Rooms? And how does the planning, development and evaluation of this service work? We aim, in the proposed research study, to analyze the ways of organization of educational work in the Multifunctional Resource Rooms. This research is part of the Catalano Special Education Observatory, which is linked to the National Special Education Observatory and focuses on collaborative research, which has a focus on intervention procedures that aim to change certain reality, emancipating the individuals who belong to it and bringing the two dimensions of educational research together: the production of knowledge and continuous teacher training. The research was conducted with teachers of the Multifunctional Resource Rooms related to Education Secretariat of the region of Catalão. Data collection was made through interviews, all meetings were filmed, and the audio files were, Afterwards, transcribed. Seventeen teachers participated in the study in 2011, and, thirteen of these, in 2012, totaling eight meetings. Interview data were analyzed in a joint work with participants and, then, categories were established, covering discussions on planning, contents worked in the multifunctional resource rooms and assessment processes of students with special educational needs. The results show a lack of understanding from teachers in relation to their pedagogical role in the multifunctional resource room, which has consequences in the construction of an inclusive education. It was also noted that the kinds of teacher training and the conditions of implementation of these rooms create constraints for the work of this teacher. An alternative used to overcome the problems faced by these teachers daily was the collaborative research, which provided them an experience exchange, very rich discussions and reflections that certainly may contribute to their performance in the multifunctional resource rooms. / A legislação que trata do atendimento educacional especializado dispõe que este deve ser baseado no respeito às diferenças individuais e à diversidade, focando as formas e condições de aprendizagem do aluno e sempre mantendo um caráter flexível. Apesar de esse atendimento possuir como função o apoio ao ensino regular, partimos do pressuposto de que ele não tem se articulado ao processo de escolarização dos estudantes público alvo da Educação Especial, devido a diversos fatores, entre eles, à dificuldade de implementação do programa da sala de recursos multifuncionais e ao distanciamento da natureza pedagógica na ação dos professores que atuam nessas salas. Desse modo, problematizamos: como se organiza o trabalho pedagógico do atendimento educacional especializado em salas de recursos multifuncionais? E Como ocorre o planejamento, o desenvolvimento e a avaliação deste atendimento? Objetivamos, no estudo proposto, analisar os modos de organização do trabalho pedagógico nas salas de recursos multifuncionais. Esta pesquisa faz parte do Observatório Catalano de Educação Especial, que se vincula ao Observatório Nacional de Educação Especial e se centra na pesquisa colaborativa, que privilegia processos de intervenções que visam transformar determinada realidade, emancipando os indivíduos que dela participam e aproximando as duas dimensões de pesquisa em educação: a produção de saberes e a formação continuada de professores. A pesquisa foi realizada com professores de salas de recursos multifuncionais ligados a Subsecretaria de Educação da microrregião de Catalão e a coleta de dados aconteceu por meio de entrevistas coletivas, sendo todos os encontros filmados e gravados em áudio e, posteriormente, transcritos. Participaram dezessete professores no ano de 2011 e, treze destes em 2012, totalizando oito encontros. Os dados das entrevistas foram analisados num trabalho conjunto com os participantes e, a partir disso, foram estabelecidas categorias que abrangeram as discussões sobre planejamento, conteúdos trabalhados nas salas de recursos multifuncionais e os processos avaliativos dos estudantes com necessidades educacionais especiais. Os resultados demonstram a falta de compreensão dos professores quanto a sua ação pedagógica dentro da sala de recursos multifuncionais, o que traz consequências na construção da educação inclusiva. Nota-se também que os tipos de formação docente e as condições de implementação dessas salas geram limitações para o trabalho desse professor, e, uma alternativa utilizada a fim de superar os problemas enfrentados nas práticas cotidianas desses docentes foi a pesquisa colaborativa, que proporcionou a eles uma experiência de troca, de discussões e reflexões muito ricas que, certamente, poderão contribuir na atuação desse professor da sala de recursos multifuncionais.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2017-06-14T18:04:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Elizangela Vilela de Almeida Souza - 2017.pdf: 4405205 bytes, checksum: f6e38fab9b50ce840ccb3ee4fbbf3e24 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2017-06-29T18:26:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Elizangela Vilela de Almeida Souza - 2017.pdf: 4405205 bytes, checksum: f6e38fab9b50ce840ccb3ee4fbbf3e24 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-29T18:26:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Elizangela Vilela de Almeida Souza - 2017.pdf: 4405205 bytes, checksum: f6e38fab9b50ce840ccb3ee4fbbf3e24 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The scenario of Special Education and school inclusion policies: the Multifunctional Resource Classes in Goiás led us to problematize the process of implementing Special Education policies in the southeastern micro-region of the state. Thus, our general objective was to analyze the policies Goiás Government, in the statements of the MRR teachers in the collection of the Observatory of Special Education from 2011 to 2012. This way, we sought the collection of OGEESP, whose objective was the collection And the systematization of municipal information that would subsidize policies for school inclusion, identifying demands for teacher training. Project linked to ONEESP, which the objective, in the external context, was to create a national network of researchers to produce studies with the purpose of advancing knowledge in the area of Special Education in the country. At this point of view, it was specifically aimed at contextualizing the historical social, political-economic processes undertaken in the reformist policies of Basic Education that implemented Special Education in the perspective of Inclusive Education. The methodology used was qualitative, associated with the techniques and methods of content analysis. We use “Atlas.Ti 7.5.12” to support the categories. The subjects of the research were the statements of 21 MRR teachers in 2011 and 13 in 2012, who participated in the 8 meetings held by NEPPEin / UFG / Catalão. Thus, we analyze two big categories: teacher training for AEE and evaluation systems. The results indicated that there were no policies designed for MRR in Goiás in the last 17 years. He pointed out that, in the first years of the 21st century, the Special Education for Diversity Program in the Inclusive Perspective (2002-2004) was launched as a homogenizing trend of the specificities of students. The courses offered for teacher training for AEE in the inclusive school, mediated by multiplier policies with transfer of methodologies and resources. With the end of PEEDI as a project, courses have become increasingly scarce. It was pointed out that the difficulties faced by the teachers ranged from lack of space to attend to insecurity due to lack of training. This has shown that it can be disastrous to prepare teachers for AEE by focusing only on reflection with peers or on lightening courses. In the evaluation category, the evidence indicated that the clinical diagnosis has been a requirement for MRR care, and may be the same delivered by the family or referred by the school. The statements indicated that the clinical report defines the access and who is the PAEE student. In this sense, it may be functioning as a double-using tool that justifies access or exclusion in MRR. In the pedagogical plan the award represents the instrument that defines the resources used in the planning of the AEE Plan and the PEI. / O cenário das políticas de Educação Especial e inclusão escolar: as Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais em Goiás nos levou a problematizar o processo de implementação das políticas de Educação Especial na microrregião sudeste do estado. Desse modo, nosso objetivo geral foi analisar as políticas do Governo de Goiás, nas falas das professoras das SRM no acervo do Observatório Goiano de Educação Especial de 2011 a 2012. Para tanto, buscamos o acervo do OGEESP, que teve como objetivo, a coleta e a sistematização das informações municipais que subsidiassem as políticas de inclusão escolar, identificando demandas para a formação de professores.Projeto vinculado ao ONEESP, cujo objetivo, no contexto externo, foi criar uma rede nacional de pesquisadores para produção de estudos com o intuito de avançar o conhecimento na área de Educação Especial no país. Diante disso, objetivou-se especificamente, contextualizar os processos históricos sociais, político-econômicos empreendidos nas políticas reformistas da Educação Básica que implementaram a Educação Especial na perspectiva da Educação inclusiva. A metodologia utilizada foi a qualitativa, associada as técnicas e métodos da análise de conteúdo. Utilizamos como suporte para levantamento de categorias o Atlas.Ti 7.5.12.Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram as falas de 21 professoras das SRM no ano de 2011 e 13 em 2012, que participaram dos 8 encontros realizados pelo NEPPEin/UFG/Catalão. Assim, analisamos duas grandes categorias, a saber: formação do professor para o AEE e sistema de avaliação. Os resultados apontaram que não houve políticas pensadas para as SRM em Goiás, nos últimos 17 anos, que nos primeiros anos do século XXI, foi lançado o Programa de Educação Especial para a Diversidade na Perspectiva Inclusiva (2002-2004), como projeto de tendência homogeneizadora de atendimentos as especificidades de alunos PAEE. Os cursos ofertados de formação de professores para o AEE na escola inclusiva, foram mediados por políticas de multiplicadores com transferência de metodologias e recursos. Com o encerramento do PEEDI, como projeto, os cursos de formação continuada tornaram cada vez mais escassos. Foi levantado que as dificuldades enfrentadas pelas professoras iam desde a falta de espaço para atendimento a insegurança por falta de formação. O que demonstrou que pode ser desastroso preparar professores para o AEE focalizando apenas a reflexão com os pares ou em cursos aligeirados. Na categoria avaliação, as evidências apontaram que o diagnóstico clínico tem sido requisito para o atendimento na SRM, podendo ser o mesmo entregue pela família ou encaminhado pela escola. Os depoimentos apontaram, que o laudo clínico define o acesso e quem é o aluno PAEE. Nesse sentido, pode estar funcionando como ferramenta de mão dupla que justifica o acesso ou a exclusão na SRM. No plano pedagógico o laudo representa o instrumento que define os recursos utilizados no planejamento do Plano de AEE e do PEI.

Abstract Lipids are necessary for living organisms and have various roles as, energy sources, hormone precursors and as components of membrane structures. Fatty acid β-oxidation is a pathway of energy metabolism, in which the fatty acyl-CoAs are degraded in several steps. Peroxisomal β-oxidation systems are found in all eukaryotes studied thus far, but the existence of a mitochondrial system is established in mammals only. Multifunctional enzyme type 2 (MFE-2) has been characterized from various species and is responsible for catalyzing the second and third steps in the R-specific peroxisomal β-oxidation pathway. MFE-2 accepts a wide range of substrates and displays great variation in domain organization and overall molecular mass. The crystal structures of individual domains of MFE-2 from several species have been determined previously. In this study, the structural knowledge of MFE-2 is further extended from the domain level to the assembly of the full-length enzyme. The crystal structure of Drosophila melanogaster MFE-2 (DmMFE-2) was solved at 2.15 Å resolution. The enzyme is a homodimer with 3R-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and 2E-enoyl-CoA hydratase 2 activities residing on each of the polypeptide subunits. Kinetic data combined with information from the structure, suggest that the catalytic domains of DmMFE-2 work as separate entities. It also appears that the enzyme does not assemble into dimers in vitro when the catalytic subunits are introduced in a solution as stand-alone proteins. The data were confirmed by two different methods, static light scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering. However, the primary use of SAXS was not to monitor the formation of dimers in solution, but instead it was used for structure determination of the human MFE-2. During the process, the structural information from DmMFE-2 was used as a scaffold for the human homolog. After collecting a wide range of SAXS data and numerous calculations, a plausible low resolution solution structure of human MFE-2 was obtained. The model reveals the overall assembly of the enzyme and the locations of the C-terminal SCP-2L domains (an unspecific lipid carrier), thus enabling further hypotheses regarding the possible role of the SCP-2L domain in the enzymatic reaction. / Tiivistelmä Lipidit eli rasva-aineet ovat välttämättömiä eliöille ja niillä on lukemattomia rooleja mm. energianlähteinä, kalvojen rakenteina ja hormonien esiasteina. Rasvahappoja hajotetaan monivaiheisella metaboliareitillä, jota kutsutaan β-oksidaatioksi. Peroksisomaalinen rasvojen hajotusreitti on löydetty kaikista tähän asti tutkituista aitotumallisista, mutta mitokondrioissa tapahtuva rasvojen β-oksidaatio on löydetty vain nisäkkäiltä. Peroksisomaalinen monitoiminen entsyymi tyyppi 2 (MFE-2) katalysoi toisen ja kolmannen reaktion R-spesifisellä rasvahappojen hajotusreitillä ja se on karakterisoitu useilta eri lajeilta. MFE-2 muodostaa lajista riippuen hyvin erilaisia ja molekyylimassaltaan erikokoisia alayksikköyhdistelmiä, jotka pystyvät katalysoimaan erityyppisten substraattien hapetuksen. Eri lajien MFE-2:n yksittäisten alayksiköiden kiderakenteet ovat olleet tunnettuja jo vuosia. Tässä tutkimuksessa rakennetietämys laajenee MFE-2:n osalta alayksikkötasolta kokopitkän entsyymin tasolle, sillä banaanikärpäsen MFE-2:n (DmMFE-2) kiderakenne selvitettiin 2.15 ångströmin erotuskyvyllä. Tämä homodimeerinen entsyymi kantaa samassa polypeptidissä sekä 3R-hydroksiasyyli-KoA-dehydrogenaasi, että 2E-enoyyli-KoA-hydrataasi 2 -aktiivisuuksia. Kiderakenteen ja reaktiokinetiikan perusteella tehtiin johtopäätös, jonka mukaan DmMFE-2:n alayksiköt toimivat itsenäisinä kokonaisuuksinaan. Staattisen valonsironnan (SLS) ja röntgenpienkulmasirontamittauksien (SAXS) perusteella MFE-2:n erillisinä tuotetut alayksiköt eivät muodosta liuoksessa spontaanisti kokopitkän MFE-2:n kaltaisia oligomeerejä. Ihmisen MFE-2:n alhaisen erotuskyvyn malli määritettiin röntgenpienkulmasirontatekniikan avulla. Tässä prosessissa käytettiin hyväksi banaanikärpäsen entsyymin tarjoamaa rakennetietoa, jonka perusteella rakennettiin ensin runko ihmisen MFE-2:lle. Monivaiheisen prosessin jälkeen saatiin lopulta laskettua vakuuttava malli, joka paljastaa ensimmäistä kertaa ihmisen kokopitkän MFE-2:n rakenteen ja antaa mahdollisuuden tehdä alustavia johtopäätöksiä karboksiterminaalisen lipidejä epäspesifisesti sitovan alayksikön (SCP-2L) biologisesta roolista osana tätä monitoimista entsyymiä.

Le but de cette étude est d’étudier l’utilisation d’interactions fluide-structure (FSI) pour améliorer le transfert de chaleur et les performances de mélange dans des échangeurs-réacteurs multifonctionnels, et d’évaluer des configurations pour lesquelles l’objectif est de produire et de maintenir un régime dynamique auto-entretenu d’oscillations des générateurs de tourbillons flexibles. Dans un premier temps, deux études numériques ont été réalisées pour des écoulements laminaires bidimensionnels. Les résultats montrent qu’un minimum de trois générateurs de tourbillons alternés est nécessaire pour produire une instabilité qui engendre les oscillations de larges amplitudes. L’ajout de deux promoteurs coplanaires en amont déstabilise l’écoulement en créant des forces périodiques agissant sur les générateurs de tourbillons en aval. Il en résulte une augmentation de la vitesse réduite qui impose un blocage en fréquence des oscillations des générateurs de tourbillons en aval. Dans cette configuration, des oscillations de larges amplitudes sont obtenues pour uniquement deux générateurs de tourbillons en aval. Les oscillations des générateurs de tourbillons produisent une vorticité intense qui a une incidence positive que le transfert de chaleur et sur le mélange. Dans un second temps, une configuration tridimensionnelle HEV incluant des générateurs de tourbillons trapézoïdaux flexibles orientés a 45◦ vers l’amont est étudiée par simulations numériques. Une analyse FFT réalisée sur les coefficients issus d’une analyse POD montre un pic fréquentiel correspondant aux formations et lâchers tourbillonnaires périodiques. Cette fréquence dominante correspond bien au mode propre d’oscillation des générateurs de tourbillons et engendre ainsi de larges amplitudes d’oscillations. / The aim of this study is to investigate the use of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) to improve heat transfer and mixing performances in multi-functional heat exchangers/reactors, and to evaluate configuration designs where the main target is to produce and maintain self-sustained oscillations of flexible vortex generators. At first, two dimensional laminar flow studies are numerically investigated. The results show that a minimum of three alternating flaps is needed to produce an instability that leads to large displacement oscillations. However, the introduction of two co-planar flaps upstream destabilizes the flow by creating periodic forces that act on the alternating downstream flaps. Hence, this results in artificially increasing the reduced velocity that will induce the alternating flaps to be in a lock-in state. Thus in this case, large displacement amplitudes are created with two alternating flaps only. The free flaps oscillations produce vortices of higher strength which have a positive impact on heat transfer and mixing. Secondly, a three dimensional HEV configuration with flexible trapezoidal vortex generators inclined with an angle of 45◦ with respect to the wall and reversed opposite to the flow direction is numerically investigated. Fast Fourier Transformation is applied on the temporal variation of the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) coefficientswhich displays a dominant peak in the flow and corresponds to the vortices periodic formation and detachment. This dominant frequency synchronizes well with the structural oscillation frequency and the fundamental frequency of the tabs reaching a lock-in state and leading to large oscillation amplitudes.

Plus de la moitié de la population mondiale vit dans les villes et cette proportion ne cesse d’augmenter. Afin de rendre nos villes existantes plus durables, de générer de nouvelles formes d’installation et d'apporter des modifications en plus, l'utilisation des installations actuelles devraient être plus efficace ainsi. Un espace urbain, à différentes échelles –un immeuble, un îlot, un quartier ou une ville entière- a une fonction définie, qui est limitée à certaines heures de la journée, les jours du mois ou les mois de l'année. Par exemple, les places de stationnement d'un immeuble possèdent de nombreux espaces libres pendant les heures de travail, tandis que l'aire de stationnement d'un bureau a des zones libres en dehors des heures ouvrables et aussi les jours fériés. Ces espaces pourraient être ravivés avec d'autres fonctions pendant leurs heures de ralenti. D'autre part, les espaces avec des usages privés ou semi-privés pourraient également être attribués à une représentation publique. Par exemple, les cours des écoles peuvent être ouvertes au public pendant les vacances scolaires et temporairement utilisées comme un espace communal partagé. L'objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier les possibilités de faire revivre les espaces publics et semi-publics pour d'autres fonctions que leur fonction principale, pendant leurs heures creuses, afin d’en faire des espaces partagés multifonctionnels. Pour cet objectif, l’identification et la compréhension du fonctionnement de ces espaces, leurs fonctions actuelles et potentielles, et enfin leurs utilisations possibles sont d'une importance primordiale. Il est impératif de déterminer l’ensemble des possibilités d’usage, mais aussi les limites de tels espaces, d’envisager les restrictions juridiques, réglementaires et/ou culturelles, au regard des besoins des utilisateurs potentiels ou des acteurs locaux. Environ 80 cas ont été analysés qui sont spontanément utilisé comme un espace multifonctionnel ou qui ont le potentiel d'être l'un d'entre eux. 30 critères ont été sélectionnés pour l'étude et l'analyse des espaces urbains multifonctionnels. Le résultat final est un ensemble de critères recommandés à prendre en considération pour changer un espace monofonctionnel à l'un multifonctionnel. Ces critères nous conduisaient à l'information qui doit être recueillie dans le but de créer une base de données SIG. Nous concluons par une discussion sur les capacités des SIG pour atteindre les objectifs dans ce domaine et de la façon d'améliorer ses fonctions. / More than half of the world population lives in cities and this proportion is increasing. In order to welcome new populations avoiding urban sprawl, to make our existing cities more sustainable, besides generating new facilities and making changes, the use of current facilities should be more efficient as well. To satisfy these goals, new opportunities have to be found to strengthen the urban sustainability. The multifunctionality of urban spaces might be an efficient concept to (re)design cities and to propose new urban planning rules. The aim of our research is studying the possibilities of reviving public, semi-public and private spaces, for functions other than their main destination and during their idle hours, to consider them as multi-functional shared urban spaces. Different types of relation between function(s) of space and time have been studied. It has been tried to clarify the definition of “multifunctional space” in architecture and urban design based on definitions of the concepts in agriculture and landscape. About 80 cases have been analyzed which are spontaneously used as a multifunctional space or which have the potential to be one. 30 criteria have been selected for studying and analyzing multifunctional urban spaces. The final result is the criteria recommended to take into account while transforming a mono-functional space to a multifunctional one. These criteria would lead us to the information that must be gathered in order to create a GIS data-base customized for this purpose. This research is concluded with a discussion of the capacities of GIS software in the way to improve the operation of an urban space through the multifunctionality.

Abstract Multifunctional enzyme type 1 (MFE-1) is a monomeric member of the hydratase/isomerase superfamily (H/I) involved in the β-oxidation of fatty acids. MFE-1 has 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase-1, Δ3-Δ2-enoyl-CoA isomerase, and several other enoyl-CoA isomerase activities at the N-terminus. The C-terminus has (3S)-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity. MFE-1 can also convert certain hydroxylated C27 bile acid synthesis intermediates. In these studies, a domain assignment of MFE-1 by sequence alignment with the H/I family (domains A and B in MFE-1) and mitochondrial monofunctional 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenases (HAD, domains C, D and E) was proposed. This was further improved with the structural information obtained from the crystal structure of the construct containing domains B, C, D and E (MFE1-DH). The structure of MFE1-DH resembles the bilobal structure of the α-subunit of the bacterial fatty acid metabolising complex and the mammalian HAD enzyme. The N-terminal linker helix of MFE1-DH (domain B) corresponds to helix-10 of the hydratase/isomerase enzymes having residues important for substrate contacts. Domain C adopts the classical Rossmann fold and forms the first lobe of the MFE1-DH structure. The C-terminal domains D and E form the second lobe and have local symmetry between each other. This local symmetry corresponds to the D domain-mediated dimerisation of the HAD dimer. The domain deletion studies showed that the presence of domains D and E, but not domain C, was essential to obtain a functional hydratase 1 enzyme; this can be understood from stabilising contacts from domain E to the linker helix, as seen in the MFE1-DH structure. The structure of human ACBP from liver was determined with and without a physiological ligand. This structure adopts the classical four-helix bundle of the ACBP family. The ligand binding mode seen in the presence of myristoyl-CoA shows that one ligand molecule is bound jointly by the two protein molecules of the asymmetric unit such that the fatty acid tail is bound by one protein molecule, and the 3'-phosphate AMP moiety of the CoA is bound by the other protein molecule, essentially as in known complexed ACBP structures in the monomeric binding mode. The observed ligand binding mode suggests a new model for the ACBP-mediated ligand transfer observed in biochemical in vitro studies. / Tiivistelmä Tyypin 1 monitoiminen entsyymi (MFE-1) on hydrataasi/isomeraasiperheen (H/I) jäsen ja se osallistuu rasvahappojen β-oksidaatioon. MFE-1:n N-päädyssä on 2-enoyyli-CoA-hydrataasi 1- ja Δ3-Δ2-enoyyli-CoA-isomeraasiaktiivisuus sekä useita muita enoyyli-CoA-isomeraasiaktiivisuuksia. C-päädyssä on (3S)-hydroksiasyyli-CoA-dehydrogenaasiaktiivisuus. MFE-1 voi myös katalysoida tiettyjen hydroksyloitujen C27-sappihapposynteesin välituotteiden reaktioita. Tässä tutkimuksessa määritettiin MFE-1:n domeenirakenne H/I-perheen (MFE-1:n domeenit A ja B) ja 3-hydroksiasyyli-CoA-dehydrogenaasiperheen (HAD, domeenit C, D ja E) sekvenssilinjausten perusteella. Rakennetta tarkennettiin domeenit B, C, D ja E sisältävän konstruktin (MFE1-DH) kiderakenteesta saadun tiedon avulla. MFE1-DH:n kiderakenne muistuttaa bakteerien rasvahappoja hajottavan kompleksin α-alayksikön sekä nisäkkäiden HAD-entsyymin kahdesta alayksiköstä muodostuvaa rakennetta. MFE1-DH:n N-päädyn α-kierre vastaa H/I-entsyymien kierre-10:tä, jossa sijaitsee substraattikontaktien kannalta tärkeitä aminohappotähteitä. C-domeeni muodostaa Rossmann-laskoksen ja se on MFE1-DH:n rakenteen ensimmäinen alayksikkö. C-päädyssä sijaitsevat D- ja E-domeenit muodostavat yhdessä toisen alayksikön ja niiden välillä on symmetria, joka vastaa D-domeenien välittämää HAD-entsyymien dimerisaatiota. Domeenitutkimukset osoittivat, että D- ja E-domeenien läsnä olo oli välttämätöntä hydrataasi 1:n toiminnalle, mutta C-domeeni voitiin poistaa ja säilyttää hydrataasi 1 -aktiivisuus. Havainto voitiin selittää MFE1-DH:n rakenteen avulla, jossa nähdään stabiloivia vuorovaikutuksia E-domeenin ja N-päädyn α-kierteen välillä. Ihmisen maksan ACBP:n kiderakenne määritettiin fysiologisen ligandin kanssa sekä ilman ligandia. Tämä rakenne laskostuu ACBP-perheelle tyypilliseksi neljän kierteen nipuksi. Myristoyyli-CoA:n läsnä ollessa havaitussa ligandin sitoutumistavassa yksi ligandimolekyyli on sitoutunut kahden proteiinimolekyylin välille siten, että rasvahappo-osa sitoutuu toiseen proteiinimolekyyliin ja CoA:n 3'-fosfaatti-AMP-osa sitoutuu toiseen proteiinimolekyyliin kuten tunnetuissa monomeerisissä ACBP:n sitomistavoissa. Havaitun sitoutumisen avulla voidaan ehdottaa uutta mallia ACBP:n välittämälle ligandinsiirrolle, joka on havaittu aikaisemmin biokemiallisissa in vitro -tutkimuksissa.

The industrial area Larsfrid-Vilhelmsfält in Halmstad will be transformed into a residential-, service- and educational area. Heavy cloudbursts in the future are more than today's stormwater- and sewer pipes can handle. There is a possibility to supplement the drainage system with blue-green solutions for planned management, retention and storage of stormwater from daily rain and pluvial flooding. The solutions also do other ecosystem services as reducing heat and support biodiversity and their multifunctionality make them suitable on valuable land. This work has studied opportunities for blue-green solutions, especially green roofs, permeable surfaces and multifunctional spaces in Larsfrid-Vilhelmsfält. The study questions have been How can Halmstad municipality work with blue-green solutions as a resource in Larsfrid-Vilhelmsfält? and Is it possible to point out spaces in the Larsfrid-Vilhelmsfält area for blue-green stormwater management? The method consists of a literature study, questions to municipal officials, study of downpour maps and visual inspections. The first study question has been answered trough advantages and disadvantages according to different blue-green solutions, different laws, the planning process, costs and benefits and examples from Malmö and Göteborg amongst others. The second question has been answered trough suggestions of blue-green solutions pointed out on an image of Larsfrid-Vilhelmsfält. The image is created from a map overlay of an orthophoto and information from a downpour map, information from aerial photos from Internet and visual inspections on site. The municipality of Halmstad has a chance to start early with sustainable urban drainage systems in Larsfrid-Vilhelmsfält. There are ways to calculate costs and maintenance. It is easier and more inexpensive to construct blue-green solutions before the area is finished, than after. Without it, it will be much more expensive to take care of the suffering and the physical costs caused by pluvial flooding.

Diploma thesis suggests a new functional use of former vocational boarding school near town center of Rousínov and deals with its reconstruction and modification to serve the new purpose. Current conditions of communication routes and public welfare are being analyzed in order to select proper urban model, that would be applied. Two buildings of former dormitories are to be replaced by leisure time activity center and multifunctional house with commercial space and retirement house respectively. The purpose of former canteen will be left as it this, although it is meant to be enhanced by adding cafeteria with roof garden. In the given context, an architectural design was elaborated while using former structures and layout but with new inner structure. Vertical wooden structures with dynamically spaced elements are used as a common feature. Apart from design of the buildings themselves a special care was also taken while creating the environment. Parks are laid out in a polygon grid, shaped by the straight lines of communication routes.

This final thesis deals with a project documentation of a new multifunctional building. The building is located in Žďár nad Sázavou, in the Neumannova street. The building is divided into residential units and areas for a small company and a shop. The house is projected as a detached building with a partial basement and three floors. The residential part has 8 apartments in total – four apartments with three bedrooms, one with two bedrooms and three with one bedroom. It includes also cellars belonging to the apartments. The non-residential part includes space for a shop and an administrative part consisting of a reception, a meeting room, offices, stores and sanitary facilities. The main entrance in to the residential part is located on the level of staircase half landing. Main entrances into the non-residential parts are on the level of the ground floor. The house dispose with 24 parking places, two of them are dedicated for drivers with disabled parking permit. The building is based on concrete strip foundations. The external load-bearing structures are walled with clay masonry in the floors and with permanent formwork in the basement. The ceiling structure is formed with prestressed floor slabs. The house is covered with a warm flat roof. The staircase is pre-fabricated. In the thesis, there was put a stress on the appropriate dispositional, structural, technical and architectural design and on the safety in the use of the building. The drawing documentation is processed in the AutoCAD.