Ao longo de nossa trajetória como professora de língua espanhola, deparamo-nos com diversas dificuldades, entre elas a escolha de materiais didáticos adequados ao nosso público e contexto de ensino. Nesse sentido, uma de nossas maiores preocupações é a relação entre língua e cultura, visto que, muitas vezes, nesses materiais, elas se encontram dissociadas. Como os indivíduos se comunicam por meio dos gêneros discursivos e, assim, estabelecem uma interconexão da linguagem com a vida social (FIORIN, 2006, p. 61), entendemos que essas formas ou tipos de enunciados relativamente estáveis (BAKHTIN, 2003) são importantes para conhecer o contexto sociocultural da língua meta. Uma das formas por meio das quais os sujeitos estabelecem relações e expressam crenças e opiniões é a tira cômica, objeto de nosso estudo, pois, se por um lado ela aparenta simplicidade pela proximidade com a oralidade e pelo uso de imagens que facilitam o entendimento, por outro, ressalta a sua dificuldade pela interpretação da intersecção do verbal e do visual e que implicam, normalmente, a recorrência a referências como o contexto de produção e o conhecimento dos elementos que integram a linguagem dos quadrinhos, os quais podem compor-se não somente por uma sequência predominantemente narrativa, mas também pela conversacional-dialogal ou pela argumentativa (SILVEIRA, 2003). Dada a potencialidade que o estudo com esse gênero tem para estimular a reflexão crítica do alunado, pautada pelos multiletramentos, analisamos a presença de aspectos culturais nas propostas que fazem uso das tiras cômicas em dois livros didáticos de espanhol selecionados pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático de 2012 e 2015, a saber, Síntesis: curso de lengua española (MARTIN, 2011, 2011a, 2011b) e Cercanía Joven (COIMBRA; CHAVES; BARCIA, 2013, 2013a, 2013b). Para fundamentar este trabalho, estudamos o termo cultura (THOMPSON, 1995; CUCHE, 1999; EAGLETON, 2005; BOAS, 2010) a fim de evidenciar como esse conceito está presente no ensino e aprendizagem de línguas. Em seguida, aprofundamo-nos na concepção, características e papel das tiras cômicas (EGUTI, 2001; SILVA JUNIOR, 2004; RAMOS, 2007, 2011; CAGNIN, 2014) com o intuito de situá-las no contexto educacional e compreendê-las melhor para afastá-las de terminologias equivocadas. Nossa pesquisa, de cunho exploratório e bibliográfico, abarcou tanto dados quantitativos, coletados nos LD e organizados em gráficos e quadros, quanto qualitativos, os quais, com base na Análise de Conteúdo (FRANCO, 2012), possibilitaram a inferência de crenças, valores e ideologias dos autores das obras didáticas selecionadas. Concluímos que a maioria das atividades incluídas nos manuais se pauta em atividades de compreensão, que, em geral, buscam a exploração de informações explícitas dos textos e cujo principal objetivo é a ilustração de um item gramatical. Isso posto, confiamos que as discussões apresentadas servirão para estimular a reflexão crítica de autores e editores de livros didáticos, com vistas à exploração da potencialidade da tira cômica, principalmente no que concerne ao aspecto cultural, e também de professores e alunos para que ambos possam desenvolver maior criticidade em relação ao seu objeto de estudo. / Throughout our history as a Spanish language teacher, we are faced with several difficulties, among them the choice of teaching materials appropriate to our public and teaching context. In this sense, one of our major concerns is the relationship between language and culture, since in these materials they are often dissociated. As individuals communicate through discursive genres and thus establish an \"interconnection of language with social life\" (FIORIN, 2006, 61), we understand that these relatively stable forms or types of utterances (BAKHTIN, 2003) are important to know the socio-cultural context of the target language. One of the ways in which subjects establish relationships and express beliefs and opinions is the comic strip, object of our study, because, on the one hand, it seems simple by its proximity to orality and by the use of images that facilitate the understanding; on the other , emphasizes its difficulty in interpreting the intersection of verbal and visual and which usually imply the recurrence to references such as the context of production and knowledge of the elements that integrate the language of comics, which may be composed not only of a predominantly narrative sequence, but also by conversational-dialogal or argumentative sequence (SILVEIRA, 2003). Given the potential that the study with this genre has to stimulate the critical reflection of the student, guided by the multiliteracies, we analyze the presence of cultural aspects in the proposals that make use of the comic strips in two Spanish textbooks selected by the Programa Nacional do Livro Didático of 2012 and 2015, namely, Síntesis: curso de lengua española (MARTIN, 2011, 2011a, 2011b) and Cercanía Joven (COIMBRA, CHAVES, BARCIA, 2013, 2013a, 2013b). In order to substantiate this work, we study the term culture (THOMPSON, 1995; CUCHE, 1999; EAGLETON, 2005; BOAS, 2010) so as to show how this concept is present in language teaching and learning. Afterwards, we delve into the concept, characteristics and role of comic strips (EGUTI, 2001; SILVA JUNIOR, 2004; RAMOS, 2007, 2011; CAGNIN, 2014) in order to situate them in the educational context and better understand them away from the wrong terminology. Our exploratory and bibliographical research encompassed both quantitative data, collected and organized in graphs and charts, as well as qualitative ones, which, based on the Content Analysis (FRANCO, 2012), enabled the inference of the beliefs, values and ideologies of authors of the selected textbooks. We conclude that most of the activities included in the manuals are based on comprehension exercises, which, in general, seek the exploration of explicit information of the texts and whose main objective is the illustration of a grammatical item. In light of this, we understand that the discussions presented will serve to stimulate the critical reflection of authors and editors of textbooks, in view of exploring the potentiality of the comic strip, especially in what concerns the cultural aspect, as well as teachers and students so both may become more critical to their object of study.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-10-21T15:03:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LEILA AMUM ALLES BARBOSA_.pdf: 7182794 bytes, checksum: 17d1b68ae65ba4c3effe4df5e87376aa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-21T15:03:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LEILA AMUM ALLES BARBOSA_.pdf: 7182794 bytes, checksum: 17d1b68ae65ba4c3effe4df5e87376aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-13 / Nenhuma / Este estudo analisa se os eventos de multiletramentos caracterizados interativos, colaborativos, mestiços (de linguagens, modos, mídias e culturas) (ROJO, 2012) podem minorar dificuldades de ler e escrever, buscando na tecnologia uma aliada. Assim sendo, discutiu-se o conceito de letramento e sua extensão. O objetivo mais amplo foi compreender e analisar como os alunos graduandos do Curso de Filosofia a distância da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA) foram se apropriando da tecnologia e das linguagens. Os multiletramentos focam a multiplicidade cultural das populações e a multiplicidade semiótica de constituição dos textos por meio dos quais ela se informa e comunica (ROJO, 2012). Ao abordá-los, verificou-se como estes ocorrem e se desenvolvem com um grupo de alunos, como constituem e/ou ampliam seus repertórios (linguísticos e filosóficos) pela participação nestes eventos. Nesse sentido, discutiram-se questões filosóficas através da música, as quais possibilitaram múltiplas manifestações e linguagens (poética, musical, imagética, teatral) observadas, também, a partir da performance discursiva e retórica dos alunos, mesmo em ambientes e condições desfavoráveis para estudo. Os principais autores, nos quais se baseia a fundamentação teórica do trabalho são Rojo (2012), Kleiman (2009) e Street (2014). A metodologia adotada neste trabalho respaldou-se em uma abordagem qualitativa, interpretativa e de caráter exploratório. Este procedimento permitiu averiguar o desenvolvimento das ações dos alunos revelando fluência na escrita e contextualização do conhecimento teórico-filosófico com a realidade, a apreensão de novos termos e desenvolvimento da linguagem para mudança de atitude frente à tecnologia. / This study examines whether the multiliteracies event featured interactive, collaborative, mestizos (languages, modes, media and culture) (ROJO, 2012) can alleviate difficulties in reading and writing, seeking an ally in technology. Therefore, it was discussed the concept of literacy and its extension. The wider objective was to understand and examine how the undergraduate students of the Philosophy Course at distance of State University of Maranhão (UEMA) were appropriating of technology and languages. The multiliteracies focus the cultural diversity of populations and semiotic multiplicity of constitution of the texts by which it informs and communicates (ROJO, 2012). In approach them, it was found how they occur and develop with a group of students, how are constituted and/or expand their repertoires (linguistics and philosophicals) by participation in such events. In this sense, it were discussed philosophical issues through music, which allowed multiple manifestations and languages (Poetic, musical, imagery, theatrical) observed, also, from the discursive performance and rhetoric of the students, even in unfavorable environments and conditions to study. The main authors, in which the theoretical substantiation of this work is based are Rojo (2012), Kleiman (2009) and Street (2014). The methodology adopted in this work was backed into a qualitative, interpretative and exploratory approach. This procedure allowed investigate the development of actions of students revealing fluency in writing and contextualization of theoretical and philosophical knowledge with reality, the learning of new terms and development of the language for change of attitude before the technology.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-04-04T13:23:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Shirley Adriana de Sousa Silva.pdf: 2256356 bytes, checksum: c0d6536a1f69970ff2a88e4fec70cfd8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-04T13:23:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Shirley Adriana de Sousa Silva.pdf: 2256356 bytes, checksum: c0d6536a1f69970ff2a88e4fec70cfd8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research investigates how the emphasis in multiliteracies, from Social Activity, fosters the non-encapsulated learning of concepts worked in the school context, establishing a relation between learning in school and acting in society. In order to reach this objective, the data were collected during the workshops of "DIGIT-M-ED hyperconnecting Brazil: transforming teaching-learning" project, hereafter "DIGIT-M-ED hyperconnecting”, an Educators´ Education Project, involving teachers, researchers, directors, coordinators and students - in the role of educators - from public and private schools, private universities and members of the Language Activities in the School Context Group (LACE) , from Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP). The data produced refer to the meetings held in April, May and June and aim to understand: a) how teaching was organized to deal with the non-encapsulated learning of the concept in focus, as well as the importance of this organization. b) how the pedagogy of multiliteracies contributes to the expansion and transformation of the concept in focus, in specific contexts, from social activity. The guiding questions for this investigation were: (I) how did the teaching-learning organization for the non-encapsulated learning of the concept take place? How important is this organization for the concept appropriation? (II) How does the pedagogy of multiliteracies, from social activity, contribute to the advancement of the understanding of the concept in focus, enabling a non-encapsulated appropriation? This research is inserted in the Critical Applied Linguistics field (LAC), following the line of researchers such as Moita Lopes (2006) and Fabrício (2006) who defend the view of LA "as a problematizing practice". It is based on the Socio-Historical-Cultural Activity Theory, as in the discussions of Vygotsky, ([1934] 2000) and Engeström (2011), as well as in the discussions that advance both, developed in the Language Activities in the School Context Research Group -LACE. The theoretical-methodological framework is supported by the Critical Collaborative Research (PCCol), based on Magalhães (1994/2007, 1998a, 2007, 2011, 2012, 2016), Magalhães and Liberali (2007) and Liberali (2011, 2012, 2016) ),which investigates the transformation of ways of acting in education school contexts. The data produced through video-recordings, planning and e-mail exchanges were transcribed, described and analyzed based on the dialogic-enunciative perspective of language. The results showed that multimodally materialized argumentation related to social activity amplifies living in a way that it makes it possible for the individual to establish a link between the inside and outside of school, in a theoretical-practical relationship. Throughout the work process - interventional, critical and collaborative - it was possible to understand the construction of the object of the activity in focus –the learning of concepts - as an established process that is processed in socio-history, through critical-collaborative relationships among all participants. Moreover, this work made it possible to focus on the subject making history in a critical-creative collaborative relationship in dialectical connection with the social world, as the principles of Marxist dialectical materialism advocate, Vygotsky's veins. This perception provided the understanding of human development from its social and cultural reality not determined by "nature" and / or displaced from its context regulated by teacher stimuli and / or textbook commands / Esta pesquisa investiga como a ênfase em multiletramentos, a partir de Atividade Social, possibilita a aprendizagem não encapsulada de conceitos trabalhados no contexto escolar, estabelecendo uma relação entre a aprendizagem na escola e o agir na sociedade. Para atingirmos tal objetivo, os dados foram coletados durante os worshops vivenciados no projeto “DIGIT-M-ED hiperconectando Brasil: transformando o ensino-aprendizagem”, doravante “DIGIT-M-ED hiperconectando”, um contexto de Projeto de Formação de formadores, envolvendo professores, pesquisadores, diretores, coordenadores e alunos - no papel de formadores - provenientes de escolas públicas e privadas, de Universidades particulares e participantes do Grupo de Pesquisa Linguagem e Atividade em Contexto Escolar (LACE), da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP). Os dados produzidos referem-se aos encontros ocorridos, nos meses de abril e maio do ano de 2015, para compreender: a) como o ensino foi organizado para a aprendizagem não encapsulada do conceito trabalhado e a que se deve a importância dessa organização à apropriação do conceito. b) de que forma a pedagogia dos multiletramentos, a partir de atividade social, contribui para o avanço da compreensão do conceito em foco possibilitando uma apropriação desencapsulada. Foram perguntas guia: (I) como se deu a organização do ensino para a aprendizagem não encapsulada do conceito trabalhado? Qual a importância dessa organização à apropriação do conceito? II) de que forma a pedagogia dos multiletramentos, a partir de atividade social, contribui para o avanço da compreensão do conceito em foco possibilitando uma apropriação desencapsulada? Esta pesquisa está inserida no campo da Linguística Aplicada Crítica (LAC), seguindo a linha de pesquisadores como Moita Lopes (2006) e Fabrício (2006) que defendem uma LA “como prática problematizadora”. Tem como base a Teoria da Atividade Sócio-Histórico-Cultural, como foco nas discussões de Vygotsky, (1934/2000) e de Engeström (2011), bem como nas discussões que avançam ambas, desenvolvidas no Grupo de Pesquisa Linguagem em Atividades no Contexto Escolar- LACE. O quadro teórico-metodológico está apoiado na Pesquisa Crítica de Colaboração (PCCol), com base em Magalhães (1994/2007, 1998a, 2007, 2011, 2012, 2016), Magalhães e Liberali (2007) e Liberali (2011, 2012, 2016), que investiga a transformação de modos de agir em contextos escolares de formação. Os dados produzidos por meio de vídeo-gravações, planejamentos e trocas de e-mail foram transcritos, descritos e analisados com base na perspectiva dialógico-enunciativa da linguagem. Os resultados evidenciaram que a argumentação materializada multimodalmente relacionada à atividade social amplia o viver de modo tal que torna possível ao indivíduo estabelecer um elo entre o dentro e o fora da escola, numa relação prático-teórica. Ao longo do processo de trabalho – interventivo, crítico e colaborativo - foi possível compreender a construção do objeto da atividade em foco – a aprendizagem de conceitos - como um processo instituído que se processa na sócio-história, por meio de relações colaborativo-críticas entre todos os participantes. Ademais, esse trabalho possibilitou enfocar o sujeito fazendo história numa relação criativo-crítico-colaborativa em conexão dialética com o mundo social, tal como preconizam os princípios do materialismo dialético marxista, veios de Vygotsky. Essa percepção proporcionou a compreensão do desenvolvimento humano a partir de sua realidade social e cultural não determinado pela “natureza” e/ou deslocado de seu contexto regulado pelos estímulos do professor e/ou pelas comandas do livro didático

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Este estudo consiste em uma investigaÃÃo sobre a inserÃÃo do letramento digital, envolvendo o uso do computador e da Internet, no Ãmbito das prÃticas de linguagens em uma escola pÃblica de Ensino MÃdio. Partiu-se, assim, do pressuposto de que e a linguagem veiculada na Internet, por ser predominantemente hipertextual e multissemiÃtica, e, ainda, por ter redimensionado os processos de comunicaÃÃo e de construÃÃo do conhecimento requer um letramento especÃfico. Desse modo, tal letramento precisa ser contemplado nos currÃculos e nas prÃticas de linguagens escolares, objetivando o desenvolvimento de um letramento que permita aos alunos agirem e interagirem, no universo cibercultural, de forma eficiente, eficaz, crÃtica e Ãtica. A pesquisa se embasa, principalmente, nos Novos Estudos do Letramento (PAHL & ROWSELL, 2012) e, dentro destes, nas ideias de multiletramentos (CAZDEN et al., 1996; ROJO, 2009, 2012), letramento como prÃtica social (STREET, 1984, 2003; LANKSHEAR & KNOBEL, 2006, 2011), e de letramento digital (MARTIN, 2008). No Ãmbito metodolÃgico, a pesquisa consiste em um estudo de caso, de carÃter qualitativo interpretativista, no qual sÃo analisados diversos contextos: inicialmente o prescritivo/orientativo, a partir de cujas informaÃÃes se procedeu ao exame dos demais contextos, a saber, o das condiÃÃes fÃsicas, o da formaÃÃo docente e o das prÃticas. A inclusÃo de todos esses contextos justifica-se por se considerar que a compreensÃo da inserÃÃo dos letramentos no contexto escolar està condicionada por diversas dimensÃes. Os resultados do estudo indicam: (1) falta de sintonia entre os diversos contextos analisados, tendo como consequÃncia uma inserÃÃo mÃnima do letramento digital, no currÃculo escolar; (2) pouca afinidade dos docentes com as condiÃÃes fÃsicas disponÃveis; (3) formaÃÃo docente insuficiente para o desenvolvimento do letramento digital; (4) as prÃticas letradas digitais ainda sÃo bastante incipientes e pontuais, e consideram pouco as prÃticas sociodiscursivas dos alunos exteriores à escola. Portanto, as prÃticas de linguagens precisam ser redimensionadas, no Ãmbito da escola, para contemplarem o letramento digital. / This study consists of an investigation on the inclusion of digital literacy involving the use of computers and the Internet within the scope of language practices in a public secondary school. It is based on the assumption that the language disseminated on the Internet requires specific literacy not only for being predominantly hypertextual and multisemiotic, but also for having resized the processes of communication and knowledge construction. Thus, this literacy needs to be contemplated in school language practices and curricula, aiming at the development of a literacy that enables students to act and interact in the cybercultural universe in an efficient, effective, critical and ethical way. The research was grounded primarily in the new literacy studies (PAHL & ROWSELL, 2012), especially in the ideas of multiliteracies (CAZDEN et al, 1996; ROJO, 2009, 2012), literacy as a social practice (STREET, 1984, 2003; KNOBEL & LANKSHEAR, 2006, 2011) and digital literacy (MARTIN, 2008). At the methodological level, as a case study, this qualitative and interpretative investigation analyzes several contexts: the first one is the prescriptive/guiding context, which provides the necessary information for the examination of the other contexts, namely physical conditions, teacher education and practices. The inclusion of all these contexts is justified on the grounds that the understanding of literacies insertion in the school context is conditioned by several aspects. The results of this study indicate: (1) lack of harmony between the various contexts analyzed, resulting in a minimal insertion of digital literacy in the school curriculum; (2) low affinity of teachers with the physical conditions available; (3) inadequate teacher training for the development of digital literacy; (4) digital literacy practices which are still very incipient and punctual, and consider only those student social and discursive practices outside school. Therefore, language practices need to be resized within the school sphere in order to encompass digital literacy.

Ao longo de nossa trajetória como professora de língua espanhola, deparamo-nos com diversas dificuldades, entre elas a escolha de materiais didáticos adequados ao nosso público e contexto de ensino. Nesse sentido, uma de nossas maiores preocupações é a relação entre língua e cultura, visto que, muitas vezes, nesses materiais, elas se encontram dissociadas. Como os indivíduos se comunicam por meio dos gêneros discursivos e, assim, estabelecem uma interconexão da linguagem com a vida social (FIORIN, 2006, p. 61), entendemos que essas formas ou tipos de enunciados relativamente estáveis (BAKHTIN, 2003) são importantes para conhecer o contexto sociocultural da língua meta. Uma das formas por meio das quais os sujeitos estabelecem relações e expressam crenças e opiniões é a tira cômica, objeto de nosso estudo, pois, se por um lado ela aparenta simplicidade pela proximidade com a oralidade e pelo uso de imagens que facilitam o entendimento, por outro, ressalta a sua dificuldade pela interpretação da intersecção do verbal e do visual e que implicam, normalmente, a recorrência a referências como o contexto de produção e o conhecimento dos elementos que integram a linguagem dos quadrinhos, os quais podem compor-se não somente por uma sequência predominantemente narrativa, mas também pela conversacional-dialogal ou pela argumentativa (SILVEIRA, 2003). Dada a potencialidade que o estudo com esse gênero tem para estimular a reflexão crítica do alunado, pautada pelos multiletramentos, analisamos a presença de aspectos culturais nas propostas que fazem uso das tiras cômicas em dois livros didáticos de espanhol selecionados pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático de 2012 e 2015, a saber, Síntesis: curso de lengua española (MARTIN, 2011, 2011a, 2011b) e Cercanía Joven (COIMBRA; CHAVES; BARCIA, 2013, 2013a, 2013b). Para fundamentar este trabalho, estudamos o termo cultura (THOMPSON, 1995; CUCHE, 1999; EAGLETON, 2005; BOAS, 2010) a fim de evidenciar como esse conceito está presente no ensino e aprendizagem de línguas. Em seguida, aprofundamo-nos na concepção, características e papel das tiras cômicas (EGUTI, 2001; SILVA JUNIOR, 2004; RAMOS, 2007, 2011; CAGNIN, 2014) com o intuito de situá-las no contexto educacional e compreendê-las melhor para afastá-las de terminologias equivocadas. Nossa pesquisa, de cunho exploratório e bibliográfico, abarcou tanto dados quantitativos, coletados nos LD e organizados em gráficos e quadros, quanto qualitativos, os quais, com base na Análise de Conteúdo (FRANCO, 2012), possibilitaram a inferência de crenças, valores e ideologias dos autores das obras didáticas selecionadas. Concluímos que a maioria das atividades incluídas nos manuais se pauta em atividades de compreensão, que, em geral, buscam a exploração de informações explícitas dos textos e cujo principal objetivo é a ilustração de um item gramatical. Isso posto, confiamos que as discussões apresentadas servirão para estimular a reflexão crítica de autores e editores de livros didáticos, com vistas à exploração da potencialidade da tira cômica, principalmente no que concerne ao aspecto cultural, e também de professores e alunos para que ambos possam desenvolver maior criticidade em relação ao seu objeto de estudo. / Throughout our history as a Spanish language teacher, we are faced with several difficulties, among them the choice of teaching materials appropriate to our public and teaching context. In this sense, one of our major concerns is the relationship between language and culture, since in these materials they are often dissociated. As individuals communicate through discursive genres and thus establish an \"interconnection of language with social life\" (FIORIN, 2006, 61), we understand that these relatively stable forms or types of utterances (BAKHTIN, 2003) are important to know the socio-cultural context of the target language. One of the ways in which subjects establish relationships and express beliefs and opinions is the comic strip, object of our study, because, on the one hand, it seems simple by its proximity to orality and by the use of images that facilitate the understanding; on the other , emphasizes its difficulty in interpreting the intersection of verbal and visual and which usually imply the recurrence to references such as the context of production and knowledge of the elements that integrate the language of comics, which may be composed not only of a predominantly narrative sequence, but also by conversational-dialogal or argumentative sequence (SILVEIRA, 2003). Given the potential that the study with this genre has to stimulate the critical reflection of the student, guided by the multiliteracies, we analyze the presence of cultural aspects in the proposals that make use of the comic strips in two Spanish textbooks selected by the Programa Nacional do Livro Didático of 2012 and 2015, namely, Síntesis: curso de lengua española (MARTIN, 2011, 2011a, 2011b) and Cercanía Joven (COIMBRA, CHAVES, BARCIA, 2013, 2013a, 2013b). In order to substantiate this work, we study the term culture (THOMPSON, 1995; CUCHE, 1999; EAGLETON, 2005; BOAS, 2010) so as to show how this concept is present in language teaching and learning. Afterwards, we delve into the concept, characteristics and role of comic strips (EGUTI, 2001; SILVA JUNIOR, 2004; RAMOS, 2007, 2011; CAGNIN, 2014) in order to situate them in the educational context and better understand them away from the wrong terminology. Our exploratory and bibliographical research encompassed both quantitative data, collected and organized in graphs and charts, as well as qualitative ones, which, based on the Content Analysis (FRANCO, 2012), enabled the inference of the beliefs, values and ideologies of authors of the selected textbooks. We conclude that most of the activities included in the manuals are based on comprehension exercises, which, in general, seek the exploration of explicit information of the texts and whose main objective is the illustration of a grammatical item. In light of this, we understand that the discussions presented will serve to stimulate the critical reflection of authors and editors of textbooks, in view of exploring the potentiality of the comic strip, especially in what concerns the cultural aspect, as well as teachers and students so both may become more critical to their object of study.

Muitos pesquisadores têm discutido os impactos da globalização (HALL 2006, SUÁREZ-OROZCO E QIN-HILLIARD 2004; MANSILLA E GARDNER 2007; SÜSSMUTH 2007; HUGONNIER 2007) e das novas tecnologias da informação e da comunicação (LANKSHEAR, KNOBEL 2003; SNYDER 2002; KELLNER 2002; CASTELLS 1999) nos diferentes aspectos das sociedades político, econômico, social, cultural e educacional. Segundo esses autores, a globalização reflete no jeito de pensar, de se comportar, e de viver das pessoas. No entanto, é importante destacar também que essas interferências acontecem, mas não provocam uma homogeneização, já que cada grupo assimilará as informações de acordo com suas características histórico-político-ideológicoculturais locais (BHABHA 1994, 1998, 2007; CANAGARAJAH 2005; PENNYCOOK 2007, 2010). Diante dessas questões, o objetivo desta tese é investigar a organização e a proposta dos cursos de Letras-Inglês de duas Instituições Particulares de Ensino Superior para identificar a adequação desses cursos à formação de professores que possam atuar nessas novas sociedades globalizadas, multiculturais, influenciadas pelas novas tecnologias da informação. Ao mesmo tempo, tive como proposta reconhecer nessas instituições as realidades locais, culturais, ideológicas das comunidades desses professores em formação. Esta pesquisa envolveu a professora-pesquisadora e os professores em formação que frequentam o Curso de Letras de duas Instituições Particulares de Ensino Superior localizadas em cidades próximas a São Paulo. Os procedimentos de coleta de dados incluíram a análise de documentos Diretrizes Curriculares para os Cursos de Letras; Planos de Curso e Planos de Ensino de Língua Inglesa de ambas as instituições ; observação-participante; atividades reflexivas. A partir da análise dos dados constatei que a estrutura dos cursos de Letras e das disciplinas de Língua Inglesa de ambas as instituições está organizada com base em pressupostos parecidos com os dos professores em formação participantes desta pesquisa. Tal proposta pode não criar oportunidades para que os professores em formação ampliem e/ou (re)construam os sentidos relacionados às questões globais e locais; à cultura; à língua; à formação de professores; ao papel da escola, do aluno, do professor. / Some researchers have been discussing the impacts of globalization (HALL 2006, SUÁREZ-OROZCO E QIN-HILLIARD 2004; MANSILLA E GARDNER 2007; SÜSSMUTH 2007; HUGONNIER 2007) and the new information and communication technologies (LANKSHEAR, KNOBEL 2003; SNYDER 2002; KELLNER 2002; CASTELLS 1999) in different aspects of societies political, economical, social, cultural and educational. According to these authors, globalization reflects the way people think, behave and live. However, it is also important to emphasize that such impacts affect groups, but do not cause homogenization, since each group assimilates the information according to its local historical-political-ideological-cultural characteristics (BHABHA 1994, 1998, 2007; CANAGARAJAH 2005; PENNYCOOK 2007, 2010). Considering these discussions, the aim of this research is to investigate two Private Institutions of Higher Education in São Paulo to investigate if the Undergraduation course there can prepare the future teachers to act in these new globalized, multicultural societies, influenced by the new information technologies. Besides that, my proposal is to recognize the local, cultural and ideological realities of the communities of the future teachers in the investigated institutions. This research involved the teacher-researcher and the investigated future teachers. The procedures for data collection included document analysis Curriculum Guidelines for Language Courses; the Course Plans and Teaching Plans of English of both colleges ; participant-observation; reflective activities. Considering these analysis, I got to the conclusion that the structure of the Language Courses and of the English disciplines of both colleges is organized based on some assumptions that are similar to the future teachers assumptions who took part in this investigation. Such a proposal might not create opportunities for the future teachers to extend and/or (re)build the meanings related to global and local aspects; culture; language; teacher education; the role of school, student and teacher.

This study uses qualitative research methodologies to explore the ways in which the Learning by Design framework facilitated the introduction of Multiliteracies and multimodal learning into the classrooms of three Queensland middle schooling teachers as they participated in a professional learning project during the second half of 2004. Recent Queensland education policy initiatives recognise the need for students to espand their 'lilterate' repertoires in this increasingly diverse cultural, linguistic, techno, and global-economic based society; an outcome that has drawn attention to the crucial role of professional learning in giving teachers the skills to produce curriculum and pedagogical designs in line with such a goal. While the documentation of conscious pedagogical choices in teachers' approaches to teaching and learning about Multiliteracies and subsequent classroom practice in Queensland has varied according to teachers' individual preferences and conte xts, this study aimed to investigate what differences occurred when teachers deployed the Learning by Design pedagogy to produce a deliberate articulation of the micro teaching and learning conditions necessary for multimodal learning. From the cross-case analysis and interpretation of the research data, five propositions have emerged: the relationahip between the depth and breadth of teacher expertise in multimodality and its effect on instruction/design, learner engagement and performance; the alignment of pedagogical choices to learning goals, pedagogical alignment to learner goals; pedagogical alignment to learner needs and dispositions; consideration of flexibility in preparation of learners in transition points during the middle years of schooling; and the importance of quality multi-supportive professional learning environments to produce reflective practitioners with genuine and purposeful new knowledge. In this research the effectivity of the Learning by Design pedagogical framework was found to be directly related to the extent of professional learning and expertise that teachers had developed in both multimodality and the theory and principles informing the Learning by Design framework itself. The teaching of multimodal literacy creates an enormous pedagogical challenge for teachers as well as students. The research raises important considerations, therefore, not only about pedagogy but about the importance of developing professional learning initiatives to euip teachers to achieve the policy goals set out in recent initiatives. The highlights the need for the development of an in-depth and wide-ranging approach to the issue of professional learning. It is clear from this research that the Learning by Design framework can be used to transform classroom practice. However, it is equally clear that there must be a greater emphasis on professional learning and more resources channelled into building the groundwork for these new teaching initiatives.

'Changing mindsets' is about how teachers are engaging with ‘visual literacy’ — the practices involved in understanding and creating visual texts. The concept of ‘visual literacy’, like other ‘new’ literacies, has arisen in response to changing communication practices in developed, capitalist societies like Australia. This study addresses the ways in which teachers in primary schools are engaging with the visual literacy initiative in the context of the new arts syllabus (Years 1-10) in Queensland. Using a broadly poststructural approach, this thesis explored the changing mindsets implied by this curriculum initiative from three perspectives. The concept of ‘preservation of self’ (Nias, 1987, 1993) was used to examine the personal dimension of change; the concept of ‘trendy theory’ (Goodson, 1988, 1994, 1997) addressed the social and political agendas that drive curriculum reform; while the concept of ‘multimodality’ (Kress, 2000a, 2000b, 2003a, 2003b) drew attention to the cultural values ascribed to different modes of communication. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 primary teachers from 11 government schools in a regional centre in 2002. The discourse analysis method was used to analyse the data resulting from these interviews. The data showed that the official discourses featured in the new arts syllabus did not match the discourses used by practising teachers. Although there was some recognition of the significance of the visual mode, most teachers in this study were not aware of ‘visual literacy’. Significantly, the agency exercised by teachers in curriculum reform was shaped not only by their personal identities, but also by the levels of support that they experienced in their working environments. These findings have crucial implications for policy-makers in implementing curriculum change, particularly in the context of the new arts syllabus.

This thesis explores ways evangelical Christian communicators remediate traditional ministry functions and community formation onto new media platforms. This exploration is framed by a discussion of literacy and digital composing reflecting Stuart Selber’s multiliteracy approach to teaching digital composition. The author positions evangelical churches’ approaches to texts, community, education, and communication as components of a distinct literacy that is often at odds with values, controls, and cultures found on the Internet and in new media. Discovering how church communicators use new media, how their education prepares them for effective digital communication, and how external sources, such as expert authors, aid the transition from print to new media helps us understand the gap between Selber’s ideal multiliteracy and the reality of new media literacy for this group. This also expands our understanding of digital composition, and the role it plays in both the classroom and in all students’ greater lives.

Τα τελευταία χρόνια η ραγδαία ανάπτυξη και διάδοση των τεχνολογιών της πληροφορίας και της επικοινωνίας και η συνακόλουθη συσσώρευση μεγάλου όγκου πληροφοριών δημιούργησαν ένα νέο επικοινωνιακό τοπίο. Στην καθημερινότητά του ο σύγχρονος άνθρωπος έρχεται σε επαφή με κείμενα που συνδυάζουν λέξεις, κίνηση, ήχο, κινούμενες ή στατικές εικόνες και σύμβολα, και με νέες μορφές τυπογραφίας και ψηφιακής τεχνολογίας (π.χ. εφημερίδες, εικονογραφημένα έντυπα, τηλεοπτικές και ραδιοφωνικές εκπομπές, σελίδες διαδικτύου κτλ.). Η νέα αυτή πραγματικότητα απαιτεί νέους τρόπους προσέγγισης του γραμματισμού και την ανάπτυξη νέων δεξιοτήτων απαραίτητων για την προσέγγιση και κατανόησή της. Η εξέλιξη αυτή δεν πρέπει να αγνοηθεί από το γλωσσικό μάθημα στο σχολείο, αν αυτό θέλει να ανταποκρίνεται στις πραγματικές επικοινωνιακές ανάγκες του σύγχρονου ατόμου. Σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας είναι να εξετάσει σε ποιο βαθμό η πολυτροπικότητα γίνεται αντικείμενο διδασκαλίας στο εκπαιδευτικό λογισμικό για το γλωσσικό μάθημα στην υποχρεωτική εκπαίδευση. Ειδικότερα, γίνεται προσπάθεια να διαπιστωθεί κατά πόσο η επιλογή κειμένων, δραστηριοτήτων κατανόησης-επεξεργασίας και παραγωγής γραπτού λόγου εντάσσονται στην πολυτροπική λογική των πολυγραμματισμών. Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματα, η επιλογή κειμένων και δραστηριοτήτων παραγωγής πολυτροπικού λόγου εντάσσονται ως ένα βαθμό μόνο στην πολυτροπική λογική των πολυγραμματισμών. Διαπιστώθηκε ότι δεν αξιοποιήθηκαν αρκετά οι δυνατότητες που παρέχει ένα τόσο σύγχρονο μέσο, όπως είναι ο ηλεκτρονικός υπολογιστής, ώστε οι μαθητές να αναπτύξουν δεξιότητες πολυτροπικής επικοινωνίας που θα τους διευκολύνουν στην αποκωδικοποίηση των επικοινωνιακών μηνυμάτων που εκπέμπονται καθημερινά. / The purpose of this research is to examine to what extent multimodality becomes a subject of teaching in educational software for language teaching, in compulsory education. In particular, an attempt is made to determine whether the selection of texts, activities of understanding- processing and writing are included in the multimodal logic of Multiliteracies.