Thesis (M.S.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Psychology. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2018-01-31T14:58:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2870522 bytes, checksum: 9a66acf4e1e01494613efb41e9fea8bf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-31T14:58:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2870522 bytes, checksum: 9a66acf4e1e01494613efb41e9fea8bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-28 / The theme of urban violence in Brazil is increasingly becoming the subject of national concern; and the city of João Pessoa, in recent years, presented its highest rates of intentional homicide lethal. The different ways in which everyday violence manifests itself in the national, regional and local levels, is a major challenge for research seeking to interpret the phenomenon from its multifarious forms that interact with analysis of more general factors, such as the crime and diversion. However, in the social sciences and particularly in sociology, there is a lack of literature about the killings for trivial, clumsy or banal reasons, in Brazil. This study aims to evaluate the lethal outcomes among individuals marked by neighborly ties with rational actions for particular solution of interpersonal conflicts. the criminal proceedings related to cases of intentional murder were futile used for trivial reasons, practiced in the metropolitan region of João Pessoa, selected from the notoriety that cases reached through the media. Was analyzed as social actors announce in court proceedings, the modus operandi of violent acts, without the mediation - conscious or unconscious - of the state for the resolution of disputes under the canopy of the management of internal mechanisms of control of emotions and the effects the furious conduct of an (in)dividual on the Other produces the imaginary and social life. / O tema da violência urbana no Brasil é, cada vez, mais objeto da preocupação nacional; e a cidade de João Pessoa, nos últimos anos, apresentou suas maiores taxas de homicídio letal intencional. As diferentes formas como a violência cotidiana se manifesta, nas esferas nacional, regional e local, constituem um dos grandes desafios para as pesquisas que procuram interpretar o fenômeno a partir das suas formas multifacetadas que interagem com análises de fatores mais gerais, a exemplo do crime e do desvio. Entretanto, nas ciências sociais, e especialmente na sociologia, há falta de literatura especializada quanto aos homicídios praticados por razões fúteis, torpes ou banais, no Brasil. O presente estudo propõe avaliar os desfechos letais entre indivíduos marcados por vínculos de vizinhança, com ações racionais para a solução particular de conflitos interpessoais. Foram utilizados os processos-crime referentes aos casos de homicídio fútil intencional, por razões fúteis, praticados na região metropolitana de João Pessoa, selecionados a partir da notoriedade que os casos alcançaram nos meios de comunicação. Foi analisado como os atores sociais anunciam nos processos judiciais o modus operandi das ações violentas, sem a mediação – consciente ou inconsciente – do Estado para a resolução das desavenças, sob o pálio da gestão dos mecanismos internos de controle das emoções e os efeitos que a conduta furiosa de um (in)divíduo sobre o Outro produz no imaginário e na vida social.

abstract: Filicide, the killing of a child by a parent, is the focus of this meta-study. In the United States, the total number of nonaccidental deaths of children at the hands of a parent is unknown. Five children a day under the age of five die from fatal abuse and neglect (U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect, 1995). This number is a conservative estimate and does not include children kill by means other than abuse and neglect. Regardless of the number, this author views each filicide as a sentinel event for the United States and the world. A sentinel event is an unexpected occurrence involving death and signals the need for immediate investigation and response. The perspectives of social constructionism and role theory frame this meta-study. The author explored six questions of the extant filicide research: What is the research knowledge on filicide? How is filicide constructed in the research discourse and what is the context of this research? Is filicide constructed as a social problem? Can the use of role theory advance our understanding of filicide? Are there common themes in the filicide research findings? Is there disagreement in the research? What is missing, assumed, or overlooked in the research? The sample consisted of 66 international studies of parents (i.e., genetic, step, foster, person in role of parent) who killed their child(ren) from 1969 to 2009. Major findings include "meta-categories" of filicide research, risk factors, salient themes, and new conceptualization of filicide based on role theory. Individual, social, and structural variables to identify and prevent filicide are presented. An outline for educating practitioners and a tool for screening families for filicide risk are offered / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Social Work 2011

This essay aims to investigate how female murder victims are portrayed in Swedish newspapers. By analyzing how the murder of the two Swedish women, Tova Moberg and Kim Wall, are portrayed in four of Sweden’s biggest newspapers; Aftonbladet, Expressen, Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet we aim to understand if, and how, they differ. Four research questions have therefore been conducted: 1) What are the similarities and differences between Aftonbladet, Expressen, Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet’s way of portraying female murder victims? 2) What meaning does the genre, for example type of newspaper, the editorial department and type of article have in the depiction of female murder victims? 3) What meaning does the production of the male suspects (in these two specific cases) have for the portrait of the female murder victims? And lastly 4) How can our results be connected to previous research, in terms of media representations of women as crime victims? The theoretical framework was used to answer these four questions, and involves the social constructionism perspective, genre theory, gender theory and a combined chapter of media rethorics, media logic and media dramaturgy. The material consists of articles from the four newspapers, and the chosen method is textual analysis. The results show, that there are explicit examples, and implicit tendencies of victim blaming in both murder cases, but not in all four papers. In conclusion, the tabloids tend to write in a way to intrigue and interest, while the daily newspapers seem to write in more of an objective and neutral manner. This essay is partly built upon previous studies on victim blaming in british newspapers. Previous research about the phenomena of victim blaming or ideal victim has not been conducted in swedish press and this essay can therefore serve as a contribution to the scientific field of media and communication and journalism in Sweden.

On 6 May 1966 the ‘Trial of the Century’ came to an end. Chester Assizes court convicted Ian Brady and Myra Hindley for the murders of 12-year-old John Kilbride, 10-year-old Lesley Ann Downey, and 17-year-old Edward Evans. The court found Brady guilty on all three murder charges and sentenced him to three concurrent life sentences. Hindley received two life sentences for the murders of Downey and Evans, and a further seven years for being an after-the-fact accomplice in Brady’s murder of Kilbride. Following the description already given to the police investigation and trial, the newspapers gave Brady and Hindley the infamous label of the ‘Moors Murderers’ straight after the trial. The Moors murders have become a part of British folklore since the 1960s, but the case itself has hitherto received surprisingly little attention from academic historians. Following Martin Wiener’s injunction for historians to pay closer attention to murder stories, this doctoral thesis presents a cultural history of the Moors murders case. My study analyses the courtroom arguments, media coverage and post-trial books about the case, to interrogate broader themes of moral and cultural change in 1960s Britain. My thesis emphasises the multi-vocal nature of representations of both the case and the murderers in order to challenge the linear and progressive historiographies of the 1960s, associated in particular with Arthur Marwick. The thesis examines four major facets of the Moors murders story, dedicating a chapter to each. The first chapter explores how the news media (primarily the press, but also broadcast media) negotiated the story. The first detailed empirical analysis of newspaper coverage of the case reveals the limitations of studies structured primarily around social class. The thesis follows Stuart Hall and A.C.H. Smith in arguing that analyses of the press should not be reduced to a simple differentiation between popular, middle-brow and high-brow but should instead consider the ‘personalities’ of each publication and the moral relationships constructed with readers. Furthermore, the chapter engages with Adrian Bingham’s recent argument about the moral politics of the press, exploring his assertion that the popular press balanced commercial profits alongside a commitment to maintain their reputation as ‘family newspapers’. The chapter argues that content of the press coverage of the Moors murders case generated far greater concerns than the suspect practices of journalists. Chapters two and three focus in turn on the diverse representations of Ian Brady and Myra Hindley. Commentators debated the origins of the evil behind the murders, with some highlighting his illegitimacy, others his reading of ‘dangerous’ books, the writings of the Marquis de Sade especially. Hindley’s role was hotly contested: most commentators emphasised how she had changed under Brady’s influence, but disagreed over the extent of her own involvement in the murders. The thesis reveals for the first time how images of Nazi Germany shadowed the case. The thesis thus contributes to historical investigations of permissiveness in post-war England, engaging with debates about censorship, child-rearing, the changing role of women, and the popular memory of the holocaust. The fourth and final chapter analyses the tensions generated around a murder story which took place in urban settings, but which became indelibly associated with the rural locations of the moors. The story mobilised a distinctive combination of gothic imagery with a long literary heritage, and the more recent language of social realism.

Many mass-shooters commit suicide. Both mass shooting and suicide has been linked to Strain Theory. Studies have shown that workplace shootings often occur after the shooter has been fired. Studies have found that school shooters often have been exposed to bullying and social exclusion. Research on mass shooters who are terrorists has yielded conflicting results. The purpose of this study was to examine which types of mass shootings that end with the perpetrator committing suicide. The sample consisted of 345 cases from the United States, as well as some high profile cases from other countries. The results showed that there is an association between the perpetrator's relationship to both the victim and the type of target, and that the perpetrator committing suicide. This has potential implications for the link between the mass shootings and Strain theory. Increased knowledge about this may contribute to more effective crime prevention strategies.

En France, la réalité des crimes en série et plus particulièrement des meurtres en série a trop longtemps été minorée, voire niée. Même si elle est quantitativement peu élevée, la commission de meurtres sériels sur notre territoire est pourtant indéniable. Il serait donc logique que le droit pénal français, qui commence à s'intéresser à ces actes, en donne enfin une véritable qualification pénale. En sa qualité de tueur à victimes multiples criminologiquement singulier, le tueur en série mérite une appréhension juridique adaptée. Tout d'abord, l'acte de donner la mort doit recevoir une qualification pénale adéquate. Puis, la répétition de cet acte doit être prise en compte. Or, la série va apparaître comme un mode particulier de commission de plusieurs infractions. En effet, la série représente un nouveau cas de pluralité d'infractions. Dès lors, une définition juridique en sera proposée dans cette étude. De plus, les éventuelles répercussions d'une telle définition sur la procédure et la sanction pénales seront envisagées. / In France, the reality of serial crimes and more specifically serial murders has been minimized and even denied for a very long time. Even if serial crimes represent quite a small proportion, they do undeniably occur in our country. It should be logical that French criminal law starts to pay attention to these acts and finally gives them a real legal definition. As a singular criminal in criminology, a murderer of multiple victims deserves an appropriate apprehension. First of all, the act of giving someone death has to be correctly characterized. Then, the repetition of this act has to be taken into account. The series will appear as a new particular way of committing multiple crimes. Indeed, it actually represents a new category in plurality of offences. Thus, we propose in this essay to give it a legal definition. Moreover, the potential repercussions of such definition on criminal procedure and penalty will be envisaged.

Research has consistently shown that intimate partner homicide (IPH) rates have been on a steady downward decline over the past two decades. A relatively recent movement in IPH research, however, has emphasized the need for further dissecting the aggregate trends by factors such as gender, race, and victim-offender relationship. In response to these issues, this study looks at the relationship between IPHs and factors such as gender, race, and age. The present study explores officially reported IPH cases in Dallas, Texas between the years 1990-1997. Specific attention will be paid to the victim's and suspect's age, race, and gender. The findings of the study will assist in identifying significant characteristics of these IPH incidents which may lead to a greater understanding of the types of relationships in which IPH is more likely to occur. Studying the relationship between IPHs and these factors, as this research aims to do, is important to understanding what IPH incident characteristics need more attention to help prevent future incidents from occurring. As a result of this research, a better understanding of whether IPH may occur in certain types of relationships will be reached and then can be further utilized to educate.

Inledning: Syftet med denna studie är att få en bredare kunskap om ett outforskat område; psykodynamiska psykoterapeuters upplevelse av att arbeta med personer dömda för mord eller allvarliga våldsbrott. Frågeställning: Hur upplever psykodynamiska psykoterapeuter det är att arbeta med personer dömda för mord eller allvarliga våldsbrott? Metod: Studien bygger på den halvstrukturerade livsvärldsintervjun med fem terapeuter med erfarenhet av att bedriva psykoterapi med brottsdömda för allvarliga våldsbrott eller mord. Intervjuerna spelades in och bearbetades med tematisk analys. Resultat: Terapeuterna har svårt att känna empati och upplever också ångest och rädsla i terapierna. Terapeuterna försöker att förstå personen och brottet för att kunna arbeta för egen del men också för att kunna behandla patienten. Terapeuten uttrycker behov av stöd genom riskbedömning, utbildning och handledning för denna patienttyp. Diskussion: Terapeuternas upplevelse bekräftade det forskningen visat på; att det är stora känslomässiga påfrestningar i det terapeutiska arbetet med brottsdömda för mord och allvarliga våldsbrott. Terapeuterna hade svårt att erbjuda en empatisk förståelse och bearbetande psykoterapi. Terapeuterna efterfrågade en mer genomtänkt behandlingside för denna patientgrupp från organisationens sida och egen handledning och utbildning för att kunna genomföra det psykoterapeutiska arbetet. / Introductions: The purpose of this study is to achieve a broader knowledge of an area not researched on; psychodynamic psychotherapists experience of working with people convicted of murder or serious violent crimes. Issues: How do psychodynamic psychotherapists experience working with people convicted of murder or serious violent crimes? Method: The study is based on the semi-structured interview with five therapist’s with experience of treatment with people convicted of murder or serious violent crimes. The interviews were recorded and processed using thematic analysis. Result: The therapists have difficulty feeling empathy and they also experience anxiety and fear in the therapies. The therapists try to understand the person and the crime in order to be able to work for their own part but also to be able to treat the patient. The therapists expresses the need for support through risk assessment, training and supervision for this kind of patient. Discussion: The therapist’s experience confirmed what research shows; that there are severe emotional strains in the therapeutic work with those convicted of murder and serious violent crimes. The therapists found it difficult to offer an empathetic understanding and processing psychotherapy. The therapists wished for a more elaborate treatment idea for this patient group on the part of the organization and their own supervision and training to be able to carry out the psychotherapeutic work.

Using the sixteenth-century theories of sympathies to examine the inter-character relationships in Hamlet, I argue for a period reading that offers insight into Hamlet’s delay and the basis for his problematic relationships with Gertrude and Ophelia. Asserting Hamlet’s character as an observer in the play with the ultimate goal of healing the infected state of Denmark, this examination of Hamlet explores how sympathetic healing would function between the characters of Hamlet, the Ghost, Gertrude, and Ophelia. Such a reading would present these characters as vulnerable bodies capable of directly affecting each other over a physical distance. Hamlet’s ultimate tragedy then would arise from his failures to engage with these sympathetic forces effectively, resulting in his inability to find the proper cure for his state.