The purpose of this study was to describe perceived psychosocial work environment and musculoskeletal complaints among baggage handlers, and to evaluate whether there is any linear relationship between them. The study is a questionnaire based cross-sectional study, and part of an ongoing larger project. Therefore, the number of forms has been limited to those that were collected in the project by 2010-11-25 (N=117). The questions analyzed in the study come from the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire and “Nordiska Ministerrådets formulär om besvär i rörelseorganen”, respectively. In addition, ratings of pain intensity according to Borg CR-scale have been used. Linear correlations were assessed by Spearman’s rank correlation. The results showed that the baggage handlers rated good sense of Community and low Emotional demands, but poor Influence and Feedback at the workplace. Their ratings of pain frequency and intensity were relatively low, but the regions where they had most complaints were shoulders and low back. The highest correlation was -0.36 between Meaning and pain frequency in the Shoulders. No particular psychosocial factor or body region appeared highly correlated with all or most of the other variables. For the psychosocial environment factors investigated in this study no extremely good or extremely bad values were discovered. Musculoskeletal complaints were low. No strong correlations between baggage handlers ratings of psychosocial work environment and musculoskeletal complaints were found in this study.

O cirurgião dentista é constantemente exposto a um elevado número de doenças ocupacionais. Alterações no sistema musculoesquelético são freqüentes, principalmente nos membros superiores e coluna vertebral, que podem interferir negativamente, na capacidade funcional desses profissionais. O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para o entendimento das doenças ocupacionais associadas ao sistema musculoesquelético relacionado à coluna vertebral dos odontólogos, durante sua atividade laboral, bem como as questões psicossociais associadas. Este documento contempla uma sequência de dois artigos sobre as condições de trabalho e desordens musculoesqueléticas relacionadas à coluna vertebral em dentistas. O primeiro apresenta uma revisão teórica sobre a atividade laboral dos dentistas, evidenciando os problemas relacionados à coluna vertebral, à carga de trabalho, aos riscos biomecânicos, às principais patologias e fatores psicossociais associados. Desta maneira, se evidenciou que estes profissionais estão sujeitos a uma alta carga de trabalho e desenvolvendo posturas que comprometem a integridade da coluna vertebral gerando dor e incapacidade para o trabalho. O segundo apresenta um método de análise e um estudo aplicado para investigar as desordens musculoesqueléticas relacionadas à coluna vertebral e fatores associados às condições ocupacionais de dentistas. Este artigo explicita as regiões da coluna vertebral mais acometida por queixas musculoesqueléticas e fatores associados. O método investigativo proposto mostrou que os problemas concernentes ao trabalho dos dentistas estão provocando dores e alterações musculoesqueléticas na região da coluna vertebral e são devidos principalmente à postura de trabalho, o esforço físico, os movimentos repetitivos e carga horária de trabalho. / The dental surgeon is constantly exposed to a large number of occupational illnesses. Alterations in the musculoskeletal system are frequent, especially in the upper limbs and spine, which can interfere negatively in the functional capacity of these professionals. The aim of this study is to contribute to the understanding of occupational diseases associated to the musculoskeletal system. Mainly those related to the spine of dentists during their work activities as well as psychosocial issues. This document includes a sequence of two articles about the working conditions and musculoskeletal disorders related to the spine of dentists. The first one presents a theoretical review about labor activity of dentists, highlighting the problems related to the spine, the workload, the biomechanical risks, the major pathologies and psychosocial factors associated. In this way, it is evidenced that these professionals are subject to a high workload and developing postures that compromise the integrity of the spine causing pain and inability to work. The second presents a method of analysis and an applied study to investigate musculoskeletal disorders related to the spine and occupational factors associated with conditions of dentists. This article explains the spinal regions most affected by musculoskeletal complaints and associated factors. The investigative method proposed, showed that problems regarding to the work of dentists are causing pain and musculoskeletal alterations in the spinal region and are due mainly to the working posture, physical effort, repetitive movements and workload.

O cirurgião dentista é constantemente exposto a um elevado número de doenças ocupacionais. Alterações no sistema musculoesquelético são freqüentes, principalmente nos membros superiores e coluna vertebral, que podem interferir negativamente, na capacidade funcional desses profissionais. O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para o entendimento das doenças ocupacionais associadas ao sistema musculoesquelético relacionado à coluna vertebral dos odontólogos, durante sua atividade laboral, bem como as questões psicossociais associadas. Este documento contempla uma sequência de dois artigos sobre as condições de trabalho e desordens musculoesqueléticas relacionadas à coluna vertebral em dentistas. O primeiro apresenta uma revisão teórica sobre a atividade laboral dos dentistas, evidenciando os problemas relacionados à coluna vertebral, à carga de trabalho, aos riscos biomecânicos, às principais patologias e fatores psicossociais associados. Desta maneira, se evidenciou que estes profissionais estão sujeitos a uma alta carga de trabalho e desenvolvendo posturas que comprometem a integridade da coluna vertebral gerando dor e incapacidade para o trabalho. O segundo apresenta um método de análise e um estudo aplicado para investigar as desordens musculoesqueléticas relacionadas à coluna vertebral e fatores associados às condições ocupacionais de dentistas. Este artigo explicita as regiões da coluna vertebral mais acometida por queixas musculoesqueléticas e fatores associados. O método investigativo proposto mostrou que os problemas concernentes ao trabalho dos dentistas estão provocando dores e alterações musculoesqueléticas na região da coluna vertebral e são devidos principalmente à postura de trabalho, o esforço físico, os movimentos repetitivos e carga horária de trabalho. / The dental surgeon is constantly exposed to a large number of occupational illnesses. Alterations in the musculoskeletal system are frequent, especially in the upper limbs and spine, which can interfere negatively in the functional capacity of these professionals. The aim of this study is to contribute to the understanding of occupational diseases associated to the musculoskeletal system. Mainly those related to the spine of dentists during their work activities as well as psychosocial issues. This document includes a sequence of two articles about the working conditions and musculoskeletal disorders related to the spine of dentists. The first one presents a theoretical review about labor activity of dentists, highlighting the problems related to the spine, the workload, the biomechanical risks, the major pathologies and psychosocial factors associated. In this way, it is evidenced that these professionals are subject to a high workload and developing postures that compromise the integrity of the spine causing pain and inability to work. The second presents a method of analysis and an applied study to investigate musculoskeletal disorders related to the spine and occupational factors associated with conditions of dentists. This article explains the spinal regions most affected by musculoskeletal complaints and associated factors. The investigative method proposed, showed that problems regarding to the work of dentists are causing pain and musculoskeletal alterations in the spinal region and are due mainly to the working posture, physical effort, repetitive movements and workload.

O cirurgião dentista é constantemente exposto a um elevado número de doenças ocupacionais. Alterações no sistema musculoesquelético são freqüentes, principalmente nos membros superiores e coluna vertebral, que podem interferir negativamente, na capacidade funcional desses profissionais. O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para o entendimento das doenças ocupacionais associadas ao sistema musculoesquelético relacionado à coluna vertebral dos odontólogos, durante sua atividade laboral, bem como as questões psicossociais associadas. Este documento contempla uma sequência de dois artigos sobre as condições de trabalho e desordens musculoesqueléticas relacionadas à coluna vertebral em dentistas. O primeiro apresenta uma revisão teórica sobre a atividade laboral dos dentistas, evidenciando os problemas relacionados à coluna vertebral, à carga de trabalho, aos riscos biomecânicos, às principais patologias e fatores psicossociais associados. Desta maneira, se evidenciou que estes profissionais estão sujeitos a uma alta carga de trabalho e desenvolvendo posturas que comprometem a integridade da coluna vertebral gerando dor e incapacidade para o trabalho. O segundo apresenta um método de análise e um estudo aplicado para investigar as desordens musculoesqueléticas relacionadas à coluna vertebral e fatores associados às condições ocupacionais de dentistas. Este artigo explicita as regiões da coluna vertebral mais acometida por queixas musculoesqueléticas e fatores associados. O método investigativo proposto mostrou que os problemas concernentes ao trabalho dos dentistas estão provocando dores e alterações musculoesqueléticas na região da coluna vertebral e são devidos principalmente à postura de trabalho, o esforço físico, os movimentos repetitivos e carga horária de trabalho. / The dental surgeon is constantly exposed to a large number of occupational illnesses. Alterations in the musculoskeletal system are frequent, especially in the upper limbs and spine, which can interfere negatively in the functional capacity of these professionals. The aim of this study is to contribute to the understanding of occupational diseases associated to the musculoskeletal system. Mainly those related to the spine of dentists during their work activities as well as psychosocial issues. This document includes a sequence of two articles about the working conditions and musculoskeletal disorders related to the spine of dentists. The first one presents a theoretical review about labor activity of dentists, highlighting the problems related to the spine, the workload, the biomechanical risks, the major pathologies and psychosocial factors associated. In this way, it is evidenced that these professionals are subject to a high workload and developing postures that compromise the integrity of the spine causing pain and inability to work. The second presents a method of analysis and an applied study to investigate musculoskeletal disorders related to the spine and occupational factors associated with conditions of dentists. This article explains the spinal regions most affected by musculoskeletal complaints and associated factors. The investigative method proposed, showed that problems regarding to the work of dentists are causing pain and musculoskeletal alterations in the spinal region and are due mainly to the working posture, physical effort, repetitive movements and workload.

<p>The main purpose of this thesis was to evaluate and test the Job Stress Survey (JSS, Spielberger, 1991; Spielberger & Vagg, 1999), a self-report instrument which assesses workplace stress. In the thesis a thorough evaluation is made of JSS scales and items, and the relations to health, particularly musculoskeletal complaints. The aim of Study I was to evaluate the factor structure and the psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the JSS. The instrument was distributed to medical service personal and metal industry workers (n=1186). Factor analyses demonstrated a good resemblance between the present version and the American original version. The results also showed that the internal consistencies, as well as the test-retest reliabilities of the scales are high, and the concurrent validity are good. Study II examined work-related stress measured by JSS for the subgroups of gender, industry workers and medical service personnel, and special attention was given to the problem of differential item functioning (DIF) on these subgroups. The main findings were that both gender and occupation has a substantial impact on specific sources of work-related stress assessed by JSS scales and individual items. The result of the DIF analyses showed no item bias in the gender subgroup, but for the occupational subgroups there where items showing DIF in two of the scales. These items do not jeopardize the conclusions made on scale level since the number of items showing DIF are too few to make an impact on the overall result on the different scales. In Study III the relation between self-reported stress and health, particularly musculoskeletal problems were examined longitudinally in two metal industry factories. Results showed high levels of stress and musculoskeletal complaints in these factories and significant and strong relationships between the JSS scales and musculoskeletal, as well as psychosocial ratings. Lack of Organizational Support was found to be more related to musculoskeletal pain than Job Pressure. Longitudinal differences were found between the factories and between different types of musculoskeletal complaints. The general conclusions from the studies are that the present version of JSS shows a good resemblance with the American original, and that JSS is a useful instrument for studying relationships between stress and health.</p>

The main purpose of this thesis was to evaluate and test the Job Stress Survey (JSS, Spielberger, 1991; Spielberger &amp; Vagg, 1999), a self-report instrument which assesses workplace stress. In the thesis a thorough evaluation is made of JSS scales and items, and the relations to health, particularly musculoskeletal complaints. The aim of Study I was to evaluate the factor structure and the psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the JSS. The instrument was distributed to medical service personal and metal industry workers (n=1186). Factor analyses demonstrated a good resemblance between the present version and the American original version. The results also showed that the internal consistencies, as well as the test-retest reliabilities of the scales are high, and the concurrent validity are good. Study II examined work-related stress measured by JSS for the subgroups of gender, industry workers and medical service personnel, and special attention was given to the problem of differential item functioning (DIF) on these subgroups. The main findings were that both gender and occupation has a substantial impact on specific sources of work-related stress assessed by JSS scales and individual items. The result of the DIF analyses showed no item bias in the gender subgroup, but for the occupational subgroups there where items showing DIF in two of the scales. These items do not jeopardize the conclusions made on scale level since the number of items showing DIF are too few to make an impact on the overall result on the different scales. In Study III the relation between self-reported stress and health, particularly musculoskeletal problems were examined longitudinally in two metal industry factories. Results showed high levels of stress and musculoskeletal complaints in these factories and significant and strong relationships between the JSS scales and musculoskeletal, as well as psychosocial ratings. Lack of Organizational Support was found to be more related to musculoskeletal pain than Job Pressure. Longitudinal differences were found between the factories and between different types of musculoskeletal complaints. The general conclusions from the studies are that the present version of JSS shows a good resemblance with the American original, and that JSS is a useful instrument for studying relationships between stress and health.

Os distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho (DORT) representam mais de 30% das doenças ocupacionais no mundo. A fim de organizar as ações estratégicas que serão desenvolvidas para prevenção de DORT, é fundamental analisar previamente as situações peculiares dos diferentes setores de um local de trabalho. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar a prevalência de queixas musculoesqueléticas em trabalhadores de uma indústria de porte médio, comparando seus setores entre si, e investigar a influência de fatores ocupacionais e não ocupacionais no aumento das queixas. Foram aplicados o questionário nórdico para avaliação de sintomas musculoesqueleticos e questionários sobre hábitos de vida e condições relacionadas ao trabalho em 185 trabalhadores distribuidos em três setores de uma indústria (fábrica microeletrônica, escritório e logística). Constatou-se que há prevalência massiva de queixas osteomusculares (85.4%) nessa população, com variação das regiões afetadas em cada setor analisado. Os fatores ocupacionais que mais influenciaram as queixas de dores em diferentes regiões do corpo foram: trabalhar na fábrica, sofrer de estresse/pressão/prazos curtos no trabalho, ter histórico de DORT, ter sido afastado por DORT e considerar o trabalho arriscado. Quanto aos fatores não ocupacionais: ser mulher, ser cuidadora de criança em idade pré-escolar, ter baixa escolaridade e sofrer de insônia/descanso inadequado foram os mais influentes. Conclui-se que as regiões do corpo mais afetadas por dores diferem para cada setor desta indústria e há fatores individuais e ocupacionais que influenciam a alta prevalência das queixas osteomusculares. Programas que abordem esses aspectos podem contribuir para o controle de DORT. / Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) comprise more than 30% of occupational diseases in the world. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among workers in a medium-sized industry by comparing its different sectors and investigate the influence of occupational and non-occupational factors in complaints increase. 185 industry workers divided in three sectors (factory, office and logistics) were assessed using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and lifestyle and work-related conditions questionnaires. Massive prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints (85.4%) was detected in this population, with different affected body parts in each sector. The most influential occupational factors were: working at the factory, job strain, pre-existing history of MSD and considering the job risky. Being female, low education level and inadequate rest were the most influential non-occupational factors. The body parts most affected by musculoskeletal complaints differ among each sector and are influenced by individual and occupational factors. Programs addressing these aspects can contribute to control WMSDs.

Os distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho (DORT) representam mais de 30% das doenças ocupacionais no mundo. A fim de organizar as ações estratégicas que serão desenvolvidas para prevenção de DORT, é fundamental analisar previamente as situações peculiares dos diferentes setores de um local de trabalho. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar a prevalência de queixas musculoesqueléticas em trabalhadores de uma indústria de porte médio, comparando seus setores entre si, e investigar a influência de fatores ocupacionais e não ocupacionais no aumento das queixas. Foram aplicados o questionário nórdico para avaliação de sintomas musculoesqueleticos e questionários sobre hábitos de vida e condições relacionadas ao trabalho em 185 trabalhadores distribuidos em três setores de uma indústria (fábrica microeletrônica, escritório e logística). Constatou-se que há prevalência massiva de queixas osteomusculares (85.4%) nessa população, com variação das regiões afetadas em cada setor analisado. Os fatores ocupacionais que mais influenciaram as queixas de dores em diferentes regiões do corpo foram: trabalhar na fábrica, sofrer de estresse/pressão/prazos curtos no trabalho, ter histórico de DORT, ter sido afastado por DORT e considerar o trabalho arriscado. Quanto aos fatores não ocupacionais: ser mulher, ser cuidadora de criança em idade pré-escolar, ter baixa escolaridade e sofrer de insônia/descanso inadequado foram os mais influentes. Conclui-se que as regiões do corpo mais afetadas por dores diferem para cada setor desta indústria e há fatores individuais e ocupacionais que influenciam a alta prevalência das queixas osteomusculares. Programas que abordem esses aspectos podem contribuir para o controle de DORT. / Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) comprise more than 30% of occupational diseases in the world. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among workers in a medium-sized industry by comparing its different sectors and investigate the influence of occupational and non-occupational factors in complaints increase. 185 industry workers divided in three sectors (factory, office and logistics) were assessed using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and lifestyle and work-related conditions questionnaires. Massive prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints (85.4%) was detected in this population, with different affected body parts in each sector. The most influential occupational factors were: working at the factory, job strain, pre-existing history of MSD and considering the job risky. Being female, low education level and inadequate rest were the most influential non-occupational factors. The body parts most affected by musculoskeletal complaints differ among each sector and are influenced by individual and occupational factors. Programs addressing these aspects can contribute to control WMSDs.

Contexte : Le personnel non médical des Etablissements d’Hébergements pour Personnes Agées Dépendantes (EHPAD) est exposé à des contraintes physiques et psychiques élevées du fait de la prise en charge de résidents de plus en plus dépendants et polypathologiques. Notre démarche de recherche s’appuie sur le modèle de santé publique de Green et Kreuter. Il s’agit de préciser l’état de santé physique et psychique du personnel (diagnostic épidémiologique) et d’explorer les conditions de travail perçues par les salariés (diagnostic comportemental et environnemental). Matériels et Méthode : Une étude transversale a été menée par 78 médecins du travail auprès 2649 salariés (706 agents de service, 1565 agents de soins et 378 infirmiers) provenant de 105 maisons de retraite de la Région Rhône Alpes. Plusieurs questionnaires standardisés validés ont été utilisés pour recueillir des informations auprès des salariés. Les analyses statistiques ont été réalisées à partir du logiciel SAS, version 9.3. Résultats : Le personnel interrogé exprime un fort niveau de pénibilité et souhaite recevoir plus fréquemment une formation continue aux soins palliatifs. Il est fortement exposé aux contraintes psychosociales (efforts élevés, récompenses faibles, déséquilibre effort/récompense et surinvestissement). Les plaintes musculo-squelettiques du cou et des membres supérieurs et les signes de détresse psychique de ce personnel sont significativement liées à l’exposition aux contraintes psychosociales. Conclusions : La prochaine étape de recherche consisterait à établir le diagnostic éducationnel en précisant les facteurs organisationnels associés aux contraintes psychosociales de ce personnel / Background: Non-medical staff in nursing homes for the elderly are exposed to high levels of physical and psychological stress related to managing increasingly dependent residents with multiple pathologies. Our research approach is based on Green and Kreuter's public health model. This is intended to describe the physical and mental health (epidemiological diagnosis) and to explore working conditions as experienced by nursing home staff (behavioral and environmental diagnosis). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted by 78 occupational physicians on 2,649 employees (706 housekeepers, 1,565 nursing assistants and 378 nurses) in 105 nursing homes for the elderly in the Rhône-Alpes Region of France. Employee data were collected on several validated questionnaires. All statistical analyses were performed on SAS software, version 9.3. Results: Respondents related elevated hardship and desired more continuous training in palliative care. They were highly exposed to psychosocial stress (strong effort, low reward, effort/reward imbalance, overcommitment). Neck and upper limb musculoskeletal complaints and signs of psychological distress were significantly associated with exposure to psychosocial stress. Conclusions: The next phase of the research plan should consist in establishing an educational diagnosis by assessing the organizational factors associated with psychosocial stress in nursing home staff