I bakgrundskapitlet presenteras den litteratur och forskning som står till grund för denna studie vilket innefattar forskning om musikens påverkan på människor, teorier kring rytm och hur den upplevs, samt hur musik fungerar i kontexten av dataspel. Arbetet är en undersökning vars syfte var att studera vilken påverkan musikalisk rytm har på spelares handlingar i spelmiljöer. En artefakt bestående av ett dataspel och ett musikstycke utvecklades som användes vid undersökningen. Data samlades in från testdeltagare i form av intervjusvar, samt loggad data från spelsessioner. Resultatet från undersökningarna visade att rytm verkade ha förmågan att till varierande grad påverka spelares handlingar. Denna påverkan manifesterade sig olika från person till person då upplevelser av rytmer är subjektiva, och vissa spelare medvetet lät sina handlingar påverkas av rytmen. Det fanns svårigheter med att dra konkreta slutsatser då studien var mycket begränsad. Ytterligare studier inom ämnet krävs för att kunna dra starkare slutsatser som kan appliceras på en mer generell population.

Hendrik Hofmeyr is a prolific South African composer, who has written well over 150 works to date. Many of these compositions were commissioned for performers such as the British duo Nettle & Markham, the Hogarth Quartet and the Latvian youth choir Kamer. Sinfonia africana was composed in 2003, as a commissioned work for the Vriende van Afrikaans. Sinfonia africana is a large-scale work scored for solo soprano, choir and orchestra. It consists of three movements, each based on a different poem: The first movement is based on Marais’s Die Lied van Suid-Afrika, while the middle movement uses Opperman’s Gebed om die Gebeente, with the third movement concluding Sinfonia africana with van den Heever’s Afrika. Both the second and third movements of Sinfonia africana are related to earlier Hofmeyr compositions, namely the 1999 chamber work Gebed om die Gebeente and the 2001 choral work Afrika. This study aims to identify, analyse and discuss the basic elements of music found in the three movements of Sinfonia africana, as well as in Gebed om die Gebeente and Afrika. The various elements of music that constitute compositional and stylistic techniques are: text, structure, pitch, harmony, rhythm, texture, timbre, dynamics and articulation. These elements of music will be compared with each other in the various movements of Sinfonia africana, as well as in Gebed om die Gebeente and Afrika, to determine their contribution to Hofmeyr’s compositional and stylistic techniques as a whole. / Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2015. / Music / Unrestricted

Orientador: Helena Jank / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T11:47:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_RodrigoAlexandreSoares_M.pdf: 2749506 bytes, checksum: 2d20dbe219f46ef6553e7193c4858c1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Esta dissertação é o resultado de dois anos de experimentações com sacabuxa. O objetivo deste trabalho é de compartilhar informações sobre a história e principalmente sobre a prática do sacabuxa e do trombone. As informações históricas foram extraídas de fontes bibliográficas atuais sobre a história do trombone e de documentos de época, como os tratados escritos por Michael Praetorius (1571 - 1621), Marin Mersenne (1588 - 1648) e Daniel Speer (1636-1707). A pesquisa histórica permite visualizar o desenvolvimento da construção dos instrumentos de metal desde o trompete reto romano até o sacabuxa. A comparação entre o sacabuxa e o trombone abrange aspectos da construção, tais como a campana e barras transversais de estabilização, facilitando também a compreensão de aspectos da performance. O trabalho se encerra com um relato do autor sobre a sua experiência com uma réplica de sacabuxa e com uma análise das manifestações de profissionais que atuam igualmente na prática do sacabuxa e do trombone, em resposta a um questionário elaborado para fornecer subsídios à pesquisa em questão. / Abstract: This dissertation is the result of two years of experiments with sackbut. The goal is to share information on the history and especially about the practice of the sackbut and the trombone. The historical information was extracted from current literature sources on the history of the trombone and documents of the time, such as the treatises written by Michael Praetorius (1571-1621), Marin Mersenne (1588 - 1648) and Daniel Speer (1636-1707). This research allows the reader to view historical development of the construction of brass instruments from the straight Roman trumpet to the sackbut. The comparison between the sackbut and the trombone covers aspects of construction such as bell and the stays, also facilitating the understanding of aspects of performance. The work concludes with an account of the author about his personal experience with a replica of the sackbut and an analysis of opinions of professionals that perform both on the sackbut and trombone in response to a prepared questionnaire to provide data and subsidies to this overall research. / Mestrado / Musica / Mestre em Música

Previous research has shown that when children choose to play an instrument, their gender and preconceived notions tied to it, has been a big factor. Gender norms have ruled the expectations and choices available for girls. It has also been shown that more often the boys would play instruments and the girls would sing. The guitar is one instrument that has been closely paired with these stereotypes and therefore often unattainable for girls, but what is the situation like today in Sweden?  In Sweden musical education is available through your municipality’s “kulturskola”. It is the biggest educational institution in Sweden for kids when it comes to cultural activities, and many kids go there for the purpose of learning an instrument. Sweden’s capital Stockholm is the city which has the largest number of students, spread over 42 establishments, which will be the focus here.  This study will research how many girls partake in musical education through the municipalities in Stockholm, focusing on the guitar in particular, by compiling statistics from the schools. It will also try to answer how the girls perceive the guitar by doing an interview study with female guitar students.

The last decade of the twentieth century saw a proliferation of publications that use jazz as a metaphor for corporate management, arguing that in the contemporary knowledge economy, jazz is superior to the symphonic model that governed mid-century factory floors. As the literature on the jazz metaphor, and organizational improvisation more broadly, continued to develop into the twenty-first century, another managerial methodology became widely adopted by entrepreneurs: agile. While agile is yet to be fully theorized as an improvisatory practice, agile shares several core tenets with the models promoted by organizational improvisation scholars, including the use of small teams, an emphasis on feedback, and an openness to change. In this dissertation, I argue that agile methods, and the adjacent lean methodology, are inherently improvisatory and that understanding them as improvisatory offers opportunities not only for their deployment within growing businesses, but also for adoption at-scale in large corporations. I draw on an array of disciplinary perspectives, including management science, organizational studies, musicology, and critical improvisation studies, as well as a wide range of sources, from peer-reviewed journal publications to trade manuals. Each chapter builds upon the former: a substantial and critical review of the jazz metaphor literature is followed by a dissection of its main themes under a musicological lens; after securing the foundations of organizational improvisation, the next chapter reveals the improvisatory nature of agile and lean startup practices and links them to concepts discussed within the jazz metaphor literature. Drawing on insights from large-scale improvisatory musical practices, the final chapter reveals how improvisation, as a set of practices shared between corporate management and agile methodologies, provides avenues for agile to be scaled up as startups grow or for its widespread adoption within established companies.

My research will attempt to determine how award academies choose their nominations through the analysis of select musical aesthetics. As a trained musician (pianist) and avid gamer, I will bring my two passions together, contributing to the field of ludomusicology (the study of video game music). My research consists of an overview of video game scores spanning a decade (2004 – 2013) with a select sample of three soundtracks per year (a total of thirty soundtracks). The samples will be taken from the BAFTA- (British Academy of Film and Television Arts), VGX- (formerly known as Spike), and D.I.C.E. awards (Design, Innovate, Communicate, Entertain). Through engaging a music theory macro analysis, I will discuss melodic themes used in each soundtrack, the setting of the score (instrumental or electronic), and whether the soundtrack samples contain the epic musical idiom. At the end of my dissertation my research reveals what kind of music these award academy panels favour. If the award academies are a reflection of popular taste, my research indicates what the audiences like to hear in video game music. / Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Music / MMus / Unrestricted

The opera Aniara by Karl-Birger Blomdahl premiered in 1959 and gained much attention forcombining its general serial style with other musical stylistic elements, as it alludes to and citesworks of other styles such as romanticism and jazz. This circumstance was considered amongother things to have led to Aniaras success, as it made the modernistic music more accessible to ageneral audience. I analyse two scenes in Aniara which contain allusions to and citations ofEllington's Ko-ko, Alfvén's Midsommarvaka, Shostakovich's Fifth Symphony, Beethoven's Ninthand the Swedish psalm Tryggare kan ingen vara regarding their intertextual meanings andaccording to Claudia Gorbman's theory of narrativity in film music. The overall function of theallusions and citations is to describe the conflicting emotions and mental states of the people ofthe spaceship Aniara: how they react to the occurring events during their voyage in space andtheir lack of hope. The intertextual references deepen the understanding of the narrative, and thesections with allusions are perhaps comparable to the aria in 1800th century opera, while themainly modernistic passages have a function similar to the drama-propelling recitative. Stylisticdiversity was not new in 20th century opera at the time of Aniara's premiere, however, the clearintertextuality of Blomdahl's allusions in service of narrative can be seen as ahead of its time.

This study concerns itself with the changing characteristics of singing within popular music. It does so by examining 100 of the most successful songs – “most successful” denoting the top selling songs, or the songs with the highest chart positions – of the last 100 years, selecting 10 songs from each decade. All 100 songs were analyzed with regards to the vocal range the singer sang in; the range between the bottommost note and the topmost note was measured (referred to as ”låtomfång”). Here it was found that the overall range shrunk and lowered during the first half of the 20th century, and then expanded and rose during the second half.  The use of physically produced vocal effects – such as distortion or breathy voice – of the 20 most popular songs (two from each decade) was also examined. Here it was found that the presence of vocal effects in the popular music analyzed in this study has developed along a similar curve to that of the vocal ranges. This means that an overall decrease of the use of vocal effects happened until the mid 20th century, whereas an overall densification of the presence vocal effects took place during the second half of the 20th century. It would also seem that the types of vocal effects more commonly used in current popular music is less associated with classical singing than the vocal effects that were in use in older popular music.

Denna uppsats undersöker vilka roller som kan tillkomma en musikproducent och fördjupa sig i vilka rättigheter och skyldigheter som kan finnas i ett yrke som musikproducent samt vilka verktyg som kan vara viktiga för en nystartande musikproducent. Syftet är att belysa olika typer av musikproducent roller samt att jämföra dem. Intervjuer med två musikproducenter har gjorts för att undersöka ifall det finns någon skillnad i rollerna och hur producentbranschen såg ut förr jämfört med nu. Resultatet tyder på att det finns skillnader i de olika rollerna som musikproducent. Det finns skillnader i hur rättigheter blir uppdelade och vilka skyldigheter en producent har efter inspelad musik. En fördjupning mellan traditionell och modern musikproducent har gjorts för att kunna undersöka skillnaderna mellan de två typerna.

Shoegaze reached its peak of popularity in the early 1990s and then abruptly disappeared from the limelight and was outcompeted by other indie rock disciplines such as Britpop and grunge. Although the shoegazer movement was for a relatively short period, the genre has played a significant role in related genres. But what is shoegaze exactly? Why did the uninterested stare down at their shoes? Why does the movement have an influential role? The purpose of the essay is to identify characteristic features of shoegaze. The goal is to increase the understanding of what is characteristic of the genre and how it affects the soundscape, style and values. Existing terms to put into words what shoegaze is usually a personal and authentic expression. How does the genre relate to ideals and authenticity? The aim is to place shoegaze based on ideals and authenticity and how the sound image differs with a focus on My Bloody Valentine and their album Loveless in comparison to other related genres such as punk, post-punk, noise rock, dream pop, Britpop and grunge. It is tested via a music analysis of My Bloody Valentine's song “To Here Knows When” to test the survey results with a genre-defining music example. The starting point of the essay is to start broadly and then dive deeper and deeper until only a specific song is analyzed. The survey begins with gaining knowledge about ideals and attitudes towards authenticity in indie rock. Once identified, the text narrows and focuses on the indie rock subgenre shoegaze. The aim is to identify characteristic features within that genre, so after that chapter, the essay delves deep into the next part, which is a musical analysis of My Bloody Valentine's song "To Here Knows When" from 1991.