Vis labiau ryškėja XXI amžiaus pasaulinė tendencija – globalizacija. Vykstant esminėms permainoms socialinėje, politinėje, ekonominėje ir teisinėje srityse, visose visuomenės grupėse vyksta persiorientavimo ir prisitaikymo prie naujų gyvenimo sąlygų procesas, apimantis vertybių transformaciją ir su tuo susijusius pažiūrų, gyvensenos, elgesio normų bei pačios elgsenos pokyčius. Įtakojama šių veiksnių, transformuojasi ir tautinio identiteto sistema. Jaunimo požiūris į tautinį tapatumą Lietuvoje nėra visapusiškai ištirtas. Mokslinių šios srities tyrimų nedaug. Todėl, tai skatina gilintis į tautinio tapatumo problemas, mėginant atskleisti būdingus šiuolaikinio tautinio tapatumo bruožus, veiksnius ir aplinkybes, kurie yra svarbūs asmens tapatybės formavimuisi. Darbo tikslas - ištirti jaunimo tautinę asmens tapatumo sampratą globalizacijos sąlygomis ir jos raišką per vertybių sferą, dvasinę gyvenimo dimensiją. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Aptarti etnoso, tautos kaip dorovinių vertybių sistemos svarbą asmenybės vertybinių principų formavimuisi; 2. Išryškinti šiuolaikinės socialinės-kult�����rinės aplinkos įtaką besimokančio jaunimo vertybių kaitai; 3. Ištirti vyresniųjų klasių moksleivių vertybines nuostatas, žvelgiant tautinio savęs identifikavimo aspektu. Tyrimo metodai: 1. Mokslinės literatūros analizė; 2. Vyresniųjų klasių moksleivių anketinė apklausa; 3. Kiekybinė empirinių duomenų analizė. Atliktas Lietuvos jaunimo tautinio tapatumo sampratos tyrimas rodo, kad... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Globalization as a world-wide phenomenon has proceeded rapidly in the XXI century. As substantial changes are taking place in social, political, economical and legal spheres, as a consequence, the process of interorientation and adaptation towards new life conditions is in progress in all groups of society, i.e. including the transformation of values and other shifts concerning attitudes, lifestyle, the norms of behavior and its changes. Virtually, a system of national identity is transforming under the influence of the mentioned factors. The youth view towards national identity has not been under detailed investigation, though. Indeed, many scientific questions remain open to be debated over. Therefore, it stimulates to go deeper into the issues of national identity trying to reveal typical nowadays features of national identity as well as factors and circumstances which are crucial for the formation of each individual identity. The aim of the research is to investigate the comprehension of national identity of young people in the process of globalization and evaluate its expression through the field of values and psychical life dimension. The objectives of this study are as follows: 1. To dispute the importance of ethnos and nation as a system of moral values forming individual’s moral code; 2. To obviously demonstrate the influence of contemporary social-cultural conditions for value change of youth still being in the process of studying; 3. To analyse... [to full text]

This work is an investigation of the traits of young people national identity. Growing young people emigration, dangerous invasion of Western culture, illiteracy among young people and other complex processes – all this stimulates to investigate the national identity of young people – the group, which could be very much influenced by various new streams. Formulating the problem and trying to definite special concepts different works of Lithuanian and foreign authors were analyzed. For the empirical investigation the questionnaire was made for the students Vilnius Pedagogical University social and humanitarian department. 211 respondents were interrogated. The investigation reveled that processes of globalization provokes the continuation of national identity, and showed, that the majority of VPU students are interested in preservation of national values. The general factor of national values development is a socialization. Every person feels the influence of family, friends, school, university, media. And all this shapes the individual national values. That’s why, if we want to preserve the national identity, we must to reinforce the national training in all this fields. The majority of VPU students believe, that person’s nationality depends on his parents mothers language – this is the decisive factor of nationality. More than 90 % of respondents ate proud of their nationality. More than 60 % are proud of high cultural level of their country and have the intention to... [to full text]

My thesis examines how identity was constructed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century amidst the growing possibilities of the cross-cultural transfer of ideas and products by analysing case studies of women-owned and -operated craft organisations: Limerick Lace and Clare Embroidery (Ireland) and the Deerfield Society of Blue and White Needlework (United States). I contend that the increased accessibility of print culture, travel and tourism, and World’s Fairs enabled the women responsible for these craft organisations to integrate a pastiche of artistic influences – those recognised as international, national, and local – in order to create a specific and distinct style of craft. The Arts and Crafts movement, with its ideas about art, craft, design, and display, provided a supra-national language of social and artistic reform that sought to address the harshness of industrialisation and to elevate the status of craft and design. The national framework of revival movements – the Celtic Revival in Ireland and Colonial Revival in the United States – promoted the notion that Folk and peasant culture was fundamental to each country’s heritage, and its preservation and renewal was essential to fostering and legitimising a strong national identity. I critically access the way these case studies, which were geographically separate yet linked through chronology, gender, and craft, operated within these international and national movements, yet they negotiated these larger ideologies to construct identities that also reflected their local circumstances. My intention is to unite social history with material culture in order to investigate the ways in which the discussion and display of the crafts, and the artistic components of the textiles themselves operated as a vehicle for establishing identity. / Thesis (Master, Art History) -- Queen's University, 2007-09-05 23:54:49.895

Darbo problema ir aktualumas. Kasdieniniame gyvenime ryškiai pasikeitė požiūris į tradicines visuomenines, kultūrines ir etines normas, kaip visuotines ir būtinas elgesio taisykles. Visuomenėje pastebimas atsakomybės jausmo nykimas, darosi nebeaiškios padorumo ir nuosmukio sąvokos, neretai sunku atskirti kur tiesa, o kur melas. Sumažėjusi moralinių standartų reikšmė pastebima tiek viešame, tiek asmeniniame gyvenime. Tokioje sudėtingoje socialinių-ekonominių pertvarkymų situacijoje kyla nerimas dėl šalies ateities, dėl nacionalinių vertybių išsaugojimo. Su viltimi ir nerimu žiūrime į jaunimą. Aukštosiose mokyklose rengiami aukščiausios kvalifikacijos specialistai, visuomenės elitas, kaupiamos mokslo, pažangios minties ir laisvės vertybės, mokomasi visuomenės valdymo, tautinio identiteto išsaugojimo būdų. Šių dienų studentai taps politikais, mokslininkais, gydytojais, mokytojais, kultūros darbuotojais. Nuo akademinio jaunimo pastangų, siekių, požiūrio į tautą, esmines vertybes ir kitus visuomeninio gyvenimo reiškinius priklausys mūsų valstybės gyvenimas gana netolimoje ateityje. Šio darbo tikslas – ištirti, kokie yra vyraujantys tautinės tapatybės raiškos būdai bei ją atspindintys tautiniai simboliai ir bruožai VPU studentų grupėje. Darbo uždaviniai: ištirti tautinės tapatybės, tautiškumo, pilietiškumo sąvokas; išnagrinėti esminius jaunimo tautinės tapatybės formavimosi veiksnius; atskleisti lietuvių tautinės tapatybės išlaikymo galimybės globalizacijos kontekstuose... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The problem and relevance of research: In everyday life the point of view of traditional social, cultural an ethical norm as general accepted rules of behavior has changed. There is noticed the lack of responsibility in society, meanings of decency and recession are becoming unclear. There is difficult to distinguish where is true and false. The problem concerning insignificance of moral rules and standards exist both in social and private life. In such complicated social- economical situation there is a worry about country's future and national values saving. We watch to youth with hope and doubts. Youth as a social group differs from other age groups. Significant role among youth has an academicals youth. In high schools are prepared high qualified specialists, elite of society. There are accumulated values of science, progressive mind and freedom. Today’s students will become policians, Scientifics, medics, teachers etc... Our country’s life in nearest future depends on efforts, goals, view to nation, essential values and to other social life phenomenon of academicals youth. The aim of research - to investigate which means are dominated in expression of national identity and which national symbols related with means of expression of national identity are dominated in VPU academicals student group. Tasks of research - to investigate definitions of national identity, nationality and citizenship; analyze the main features of formation youth national identity; to find out... [to full text]

The purpose of this thesis is to find out whether theatre translation into Mauritian Creole can contribute to the formation of a national identity in post-colonial, multi-ethnic and multilingual Mauritius. There are currently fourteen languages spoken, many of which, as carriers of symbolic value, are often used as markers of ethnic identity. Moreover, the fact that they do not all carry the same socio-economic and political status has created a linguistic hierarchy which positions English at the top, closely followed by French, in turn followed by Asian languages and finally by Mauritian Creole, even though the latter is the most widely spoken language on the island. I argue that translation into Mauritian Creole is largely an ideological endeavour, designed to challenge the existing asymmetrical linguistic power relations, and to highlight the language’s existence as a shared cultural capital and as a potential force for national unity. I show how such an endeavour is closely linked to the political and socio-cultural aspects of the target society. This is done by using complementary theoretical perspectives, such as Itamar Even-Zohar’s polysystem theory (1979, 2000), André Lefevere’s systemic concept (2004) and post-colonial approaches to translation, and by drawing upon the case study research method, with its emphasis on multiple sources for data collection. The thesis examines Mauritian Creole translations of six plays by Shakespeare and two by Molière. I suggest that the reasons for choosing Shakespeare and Molière for translation are highly symbolic in the Mauritian context, where the educational system, a British colonial legacy, has continued to assign a privileged position to canonized British and French literatures; a system which contributes towards the perpetuation of colonial values. The translation of canonized texts is therefore intended to highlight the persistence of hegemonic socio-cultural values. Equally, it is designed to promote cultural decolonization and to point to the emergence of new creolized practices that offer areas of shared meaning for the Mauritian population as a whole. I also argue that since translation is an ideological undertaking, it is essential to understand the purposes of those actively involved in its production and dissemination. Because theatre texts can function as literary artefacts and as performance scripts, I look at the role played not only by translators and publishers, but also by theatre practitioners (producers, directors and actors). I explain their beliefs and their political agendas, showing why neither translation, nor stage production can constitute a neutral activity. In the process, my examination reveals the opposing forces at work which disagree over the way Mauritian Creole should be used in the discourse of nation-building. I then look at the intended target audiences with a view to finding out if the translations and the stage productions have had any obvious impact upon Mauritian society. My findings show that neither readers nor spectators are likely to have represented a large proportion of the population. Although this seems to indicate that theatre translation has had little direct impact so far upon the construction of a national identity, I suggest that in fact, its contribution to the Mauritian Creole literary and cultural capital should not be underestimated, as the language is very slowly emerging as an important symbol of the island. I conclude that should theatre translation be combined with other societal efforts in the future, it could still have a part to play in the formation of a national identity based upon Mauritian Creole.

South African political elites framed the country’s successful bid to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup in terms of nation-building, evoking imagery of South African unity. Yet, a pre-season tournament in 2008 featuring the two glamour soccer clubs of South Africa, Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando Pirates, and the global brand of Manchester United, revealed a racially fractured soccer fandom that contradicted these notions of national unity through soccer. This thesis examines the racial divisions in Johannesburg soccer fandom, exploring the continuing wider importance of racial identities in post-apartheid South Africa. Sport is not merely a leisure activity but a space in which everyday identities are negotiated and contested. Specifically, soccer in South Africa has been a site in which racial divisions have been both entrenched and subverted, spanning the colonial era to the present day. However, in focusing on race, this thesis seeks to move beyond simple binaries that have characterised the debates on identity in South Africa; particularly race versus class. Race, through the perspective of creolisation, becomes unfixed and fluid. However, despite reinterpreting race, racial divisions still scar the post-apartheid city. Extensive ethnographic fieldwork with the supporters’ organisations of Kaizer Chiefs, Bidvest Wits and Manchester United football clubs in Johannesburg draws out narratives of fandom often marginalised in Africanist scholarship. Drawing on wide-ranging sources including participant observation, semi-structured interviews and local newspapers, themes of racial difference and otherness emerge. The divided Johannesburg soccer landscape reinforced feelings of disenfranchisement and marginalisation in everyday life from the predominantly white Manchester United supporters while the exclusively black Kaizer Chiefs constructed the domestic game as a black cultural space. While Bidvest Wits offers a symbolic case of multi-racial interaction, certain supporters began to challenge such fractures; some United supporters showed interest in attending domestic games while the Chiefs supporters viewed the researcher as a conduit to attracting these white supporters. Furthermore, the national euphoria generated during 2010 World Cup did temporarily alter perspectives of the city and how the supporters travelled through it, challenging perceived barriers. Yet, themes of exclusion and division remained, brought back to the fore after the tournament.

This thesis investigates how the news media constructs reality through newspaper representation of the role of a hero in society and a hero's loyalty to the nation. The research is based on a case study of New Zealand newspapers and how they framed Russell Coutts' role in the America's Cup 2003. Russell Coutts was the leading figure of "Team New Zealand"in 1995 and in 2000 when his team won and defended the America's Cup. He was praised by New Zealand newspapers as a hero during the time he led "Team New Zealand"from one victory to another. But, after the victory in 2000, Russell Coutts signed a contract with the rival team "Alinghi"and the framing of his heroic role in the New Zealand press changed. He became a defector from his team and he was framed as a traitor to his own country. Using discourse studies and semiotics as the main theoretical and methodological background, this thesis analyzes how the process of news framing is influenced by the rules of journalistic practice and by the wider social environment. The thesis explores how news values blend with mythological narrative in journalists' daily routine of producing news stories that both construct reality and reaffirm society's dominant values. The study reveals that the re-presentation of the nation in the news media is a simplified construction of an ideal and transcendental identity. Consequently, the role of the hero is framed as a representation of that ideal, and the hero is framed as a loyal leader - someone who should lead, not challenge, society's rules. The thesis discusses the news media's power to define identity by questioning a prominent individual's loyalty to the nation. The research illustrates that even a hero whose position is firmly established within the particular society can be radically re-defined if that hero is not following the expectations of the press and the rules of the society

This thesis analyses the power relations operating within the field of Canadian national identity, the permissible subject positions within it, and the political claims enabled by such positions. It contributes to a field of interdisciplinary study on these questions by arguing that national identity in Canada is a problem animated by the logic of the sovereign form of authority. An analysis of state-authorized discourse demonstrates the power relations between the Normative Canadian and National Other subject positions, which reduce Indigenous peoples, the Québécois, and ethnoculturalized individuals into intelligible subjects of recognition and sovereign decisions. An account of those limits and conditions of possibility of Canadian national identity susceptible to modification and transgression is offered to conclude. / Graduate / 0615 / tchartrand@gmail.com

In most texts about Hawaiian history, the Hawaiian Kingdom was overthrown in 1893. Hawai'i, as a result, was then governed first by a Provisional Government, then by the Republic of Hawai'i. Such texts further note that in 1898, Hawai'i was annexed to the United States and, subsequently, became the State of Hawai'i through a vote of the people in 1959. This dissertation examines Hawaiian history from a different perspective, one based on the issue of 'legality', and on documentation that surfaced in the 1990s that challenges the United States' claim to annexation of Hawai'i. The illegality of the takeover by haole businessmen, the resistance of Queen Lili'uokalani and her loyal subjects to the takeover, statements by then-President Grover Cleveland referencing the overthrow as an "Act of War," in many ways set the tone for the present-day sovereignty movement. Highlighted are some of the activities within the Hawaiian sovereignty movement during the 1990s and the first few years of this century that are turning points in the struggle for Hawaiian sovereignty. Identified spokespersons for the movement are extensively cited, as well as individuals with strong but thoughtful opinions. Many of the citations used were gathered and saved from emails or from relevant websites. Prophecy, and the acknowledgement of spirituality as a grounding force in a unified movement, is a significant element, and serves to remind activists, and especially Hawaiian activists, that the work to re-establish the nation can only succeed if it is based in Hawaiian cultural concepts that are pono (correct or in proper relationship). Maintaining 'right relationships' between the people, the heavens and the earth is necessary to successfully carry forward the reclaimed Hawaiian nation and the identity of the people as Hawaiian nationals, as the Queen directed a century ago. Most importantly, it allows those involved in the struggle to see themselves, not as victims, but as masters of their own fate.

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