Cette thèse évalue le risque d’émergence d’un pathogène via l’avifaune sauvage dans une région indemne en combinant deux approches : (1) L’étude de pathogènes partageant des caractéristiques éco-épidémiologiques communes avec le pathogène émergeant ; et (2) L’utilisation de données écologiques disponibles dans la région indemne. Le Chapitre 1 montre que l’étude de la circulation de pathogènes partageant des caractéristiques éco-épidémiologiques communes (Influenza Aviaire Faiblement Pathogène et Maladie de Newcastle) avec un pathogène émergeant (H5N1 HP) permet d’apporter des éléments d’information sur la circulation potentielle de ce pathogène en cas d’émergence. Les principales conclusions de ce chapitre nous permettent de construire les trois hypothèses testées aux chapitres suivants portant respectivement sur les étapes d’une émergence : introduction (Chapitre 2), circulation (Chapitre 3), et transmission à la faune domestique (Chapitre 4). Ces trois chapitres permettent une meilleure évaluation du risque d’émergence d’un pathogène (le H5N1 HP) dans une zone indemne (le DIN) à partir de méthodes basées sur les données écologiques disponibles dans cette zone indemne et obtenues à partir de techniques telles que le comptage aérien, la télémétrie satellitaire, ou la télédétection. Ils permettent notamment d’estimer que le risque d’émergence du H5N1 HP dans le DIN via l’avifaune sauvage est le plus élevé lors des mois de janvier à mars des années de faible crue, et que la Sarcelle d’été et le canard Pilet sont les deux espèces à surveiller en priorité. Cette thèse présente des travaux originaux combinant écologie, épidémiologie, et l’utilisation de nouvelles technologies. Le développement de ce type de méthodes pour d’autres systèmes hôtes-pathogènes permettra une meilleure compréhension dees mécanismes épidémiologiques et un meilleur contrôle de maladies émergentes.

Thesis (M.S.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Chemistry. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2005. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 220 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 205-217).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-03-25Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:00:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000750745_20141231.pdf: 284105 bytes, checksum: e4d85ebdcd610645415aaa6977bf21ef (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-01-05T11:00:48Z: 000750745_20141231.pdf,Bitstream added on 2015-01-05T11:01:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000750745.pdf: 752700 bytes, checksum: db1caa29e2a3cdcced4a6fd9a12e798a (MD5) / O Brasil possui a terceira maior produção mundial de perus, e é o segundo maior exportador desta ave. As proteínas de fase aguda são sintetizadas principalmente nos hepatócitos, porém, também há produção extra-hepática. Isto é causado por citocinas pró inflamatórias, tais como Interleucinas IL-1, IL-6 e fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-α), responsáveis pela indução da síntese e secreção dessas proteínas, principalmente pelo fígado, frente uma infecção ou inflamação. O principal propósito desta investigação é demonstrar como as proteínas de fase aguda podem servir de ferramenta para monitorar a eficácia da vacinação contra a doença de Newcastle, utilizando-se as cepas LaSota ativada e inativada em perus fêmeas em fase de produção, ao se comparar com um grupo controle não vacinado. Houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) para as concentrações da alfa-1 glicoproteína ácida entre o grupo vacinado com a cepa LaSota inativada e o grupo vacinado com a cepa LaSota ativada, na 36ª semana. Houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) para as concentrações de IgG cadeia pesada entre o grupo vacinado com a cepa LaSota inativada e o grupo vacinado com a cepa LaSota ativada, na 38ª semana. Na 46ª semana, as concentrações de proteínas totais apresentaram diferença significativa (p<0,05), entre o grupo vacinado com a cepa LaSota inativada e o grupo controle. Na 48ª semana foram observadas diferenças significativas (p<0,05) para as concentrações da ovotransferrina, entre o grupo vacinado com a cepa LaSota ativada e o grupo vacinado com a cepa LaSota inativada e as concentrações séricas da IgG de cadeia leve apresentaram diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre o grupo vacinado com a cepa LaSota inativada em relação ao grupo controle. Houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) para as concentrações da alfa-1 glicoproteína ácida entre o grupo controle e o grupo vacinado com cepa LaSota inativada, na ... / Brazil has the third largest worldwide production of turkeys, and is the second largest exporter of this bird. The acute phase proteins are synthesized mainly in hepatocytes, but there is also an extrahepatic production. This is promoted by inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukins IL-1, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), responsible for the induction of synthesis and secretion of these protein in response to an infection or inflammation. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how the acute phase proteins could be used as tools to monitor the effectiveness of vaccination against Newcastle disease, using the LaSota activated and inactivated strains in female egg-laying turkeys when compared with a non-vaccinated control group. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found for the concentrations of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein between the group vaccinated with the LaSota inactivated strain and the group vaccinated with LaSota activated strain at 36 weeks. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found for the concentrations of IgG heavy chain from the group vaccinated with the LaSota inactivated strain and the group vaccinated with the LaSota activated strain at 38 weeks. In the 46th week, the total protein concentrations showed significant differences (p<0.05) between the group vaccinated with the LaSota inactivated strain and the control group. On week 48 significant differences (p<0.05) were found for the concentrations of ovotransferrin, between vaccinated birds with LaSota activated strain and the group vaccinated with the LaSota inactivated strain, and serum concentrations of IgG light chain showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the group vaccinated with the LaSota inactivated strain in the control group. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found for the concentrations of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein between the control group and the group vaccinated with LaSota inactivated ...

Submitted by Hiolanda Rêgo (hiolandarego@gmail.com) on 2016-12-22T15:43:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_ICS_Lia Muniz Barretto Fernandes.pdf: 1185581 bytes, checksum: a574788d65eeda6abbf9b9ce1dcc5ee9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-22T15:43:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_ICS_Lia Muniz Barretto Fernandes.pdf: 1185581 bytes, checksum: a574788d65eeda6abbf9b9ce1dcc5ee9 (MD5) / Doença de Newcastle é uma enfermidade viral aguda, altamente contagiosa, que acomete aves de várias espécies, considerada como uma das doenças mais importantes para a indústria avícola moderna. Ferramentas para diagnóstico e controle estão disponíveis para galinhas, porém ainda não foram desenvolvidos testes específicos para avestruzes. O presente trabalho visou padronizar testes sorológicos para a detecção de anticorpos contra a Doença de Newcastle em avestruzes e avaliar a situação soroepidemiológica de plantéis do estado da Bahia e de São Paulo. A padronização da técnica da Inibição da Hemaglutinação revelou interferência do tipo de eritrócito utilizado e demonstrou a necessidade do uso de hemácias da mesma espécie ou, alternativamente, de perus. Testes de ELISA indiretos foram desenvolvidos ou modificados para a utilização nesta espécie e, apesar de apresentarem alta correlação entre si, demonstraram baixa correlação com a HI. Foram desenvolvidos ainda os testes “western blot” e “dotblot”, que podem auxiliar na avaliação da resposta imune e facilitar a implantação de programas de controle. As amostras séricas analisadas revelaram a presença de anticorpos e, a ausência de vacinação dos animais avaliados, reforça a hipótese de que as avestruzes estão em contato com o vírus vacinal ou vírus de campo.

The aim of this study was to investigate how the National Certificate Vocational (NCV) curriculum is being managed at Majuba TVET College in ensuring that it impacts positively in addressing skills shortage in the Newcastle area. The following was the main question for the study: How is Majuba TVET College managing the National Certificate Vocational (NCV) curriculum in addressing skills shortage in the Newcastle area? A comprehensive literature review was conducted to provide strong arguments as presented by different authors who wrote on the topic after conducting research about Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Colleges A qualitative method was chosen by the researcher to gather data on the management of the NCV curriculum in addressing skills shortage. The main aim was to discuss the methods the researcher used in the study to collect data meant to acquire the impact of the NCV curriculum management in addressing skills shortage. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews, non-participant observation and literature review. It was then put together and analysed according to themes aligned to the main study problem and the sub problems in order to realise the main aim of the study and the sub-aims. On the basis of the findings and the recommendations, the researcher proposed the importance of the college to review the NCV curriculum so that it is aligned with practical exposure enhanced by NCV students from the industry. In conclusion, the findings pointed out that NCV students’ practical exposure may have a big impact in addressing skills shortage and combating the high unemployment rate in the Newcastle area. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)

This exploration investigates lecturers’ experiences of the role of professional development on TVET lecturers. Lecturers’ professional development is often viewed as the source to effective learning developments. Lecturer effectiveness at TVET Colleges depends on the constant professional development to avoid encounters that they face due to endless differences taking place in technology and national curriculum. The result of proper professional development of lecturers is that both students and the organisation benefit from it. Hence, lecturers are likely to be subjected to continuous professional development to be well informed with the constant adjustments taking place in the education system. This occurs as the lecturers are pressurised to participate in a variety of regular professional development programmes that are not designed to suit their specific requirements. This leads to, professional development becoming ineffective in assisting the lecturer developing their training in their specific areas of knowledge. A literature review was used to determine what other writers say about the concept of professional development. A qualitative study was employed and two research instruments were used: semi-structured interview sessions and document analysis.Information was collected through the interviews, centred on pre-planned interview questions. Purposive sampling was used and nine experienced participants were selected for this study. Lecturers’ were questioned about their experiences of professional development at a TVET College in the Kwazulu Natal district. The conversations were recorded, translated and scrutinised to discover lecturers’ opinions about professional development in their college. This investigation was guided by three important questions: How effective are staff development programmes managed for lecturers in their areas of specialisation? Secondly, How effective are the policies regarding staff development in TVET Colleges? Finally, what role does senior management play in CPD in Majuba TVET College? Findings indicate that the principals of the colleges are not managing the continuous professional development of lectures. It is left upon the lecturers themselves to manage their professional development. It is expected that this investigation and the literature review will influence the management of professional development for the advantage of lecturers and the college. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)

Submitted by Alexandre Sousa (alexandre.sousa@incqs.fiocruz.br) on 2014-08-01T14:25:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Waldyr.pdf: 1037034 bytes, checksum: 0951d0a31dbee3d54d18141b2e411b8d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-01T14:25:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Waldyr.pdf: 1037034 bytes, checksum: 0951d0a31dbee3d54d18141b2e411b8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Rio de Janeiro. Secretaria de Estado de Desenvolvimento Regional, Abastecimento e Pesca / No presente trabalho, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o vírus influenza, enfatizando sua ação e correlacionando-o com as espécies aviárias, com enfoque diferenciado para os pombos domésticos (Columba livia domestica). Alguns aspectos tais como as condições ambientais, o estreito contato com o homem e a disseminação destas aves nos centros urbanos e em diferentes pontos do mundo, foram considerados. Durante o estudo da interação entre homens e pombos, outro agente patogênico mereceu atenção, por ocasião da revisão bibliográfica e por ser considerado o impacto financeiro causado na avicultura, o vírus da doença de Newcastle. Concomitante à revisão, foram analisadas 322 amostras de fezes de pombos, coletadas em praças públicas em várias áreas do município do Rio de Janeiro. Para tal análise foram utilizadas diferentes técnicas, tais como: inoculação em ovos embrionados, hemaglutinação, inibição da hemaglutinação e reação da polimerase em cadeia. As amostras testadas não apresentaram atividade hemaglutinante, bem como, não apresentaram positividade para a presença do vírus influenza e nem para o vírus da Doença de Newcastle, quando submetidas à prova de PCR. Com isto, pôde-se verificar a inexistência dos vírus na população de aves estudada, o que demonstrou não oferecer risco potencial para transmissão destas patologias, no presente momento. / In the present work, influenza was carried through a bibliographical revision on the virus, emphasizing its action and correlating it with the avian species, with approach differentiated for the domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica). Some aspects such as the ambient conditions, the narrow contact with the man and the dissemination of these birds in the urban centers at different points of the world had been considered. During the study of the interaction between men and pigeons, another pathogenic agent had deserved attention, for occasion of the bibliographical revision, to caused financial impact in the poultry keeping, the virus of Newcastle disease. Concomitant to the bibliographical revision, 322 excrement samples had been analyzed of pigeons, collected in public squares in some areas of the city of Rio de Janeiro. For such analysis, different techniques had been used, such as: inoculation in embrionatted eggs, hemaglutination, inhibition of the hemaglutination and polymerase chain reaction. The tested samples had not presented hemaglutination activity, as well as, had not presented positivism for the presence of the virus influenza and nor for the Newcastle virus when submitted to the test of PCR. With this, the inexistence of the viruses in the studied population of birds could not be verified, what it demonstrated not to offer potential risk for transmission of these pathologies, in the present moment.

Submitted thesis titled "Teaching of the Local Region at the Second Grade of Elementary School on the Example of Trhosvinensko Region" is composed of a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part is interested in the characteristic of the local region and its position in educational areas. The practical part summarizes the findings gained on the basis of empirical research of ways of teaching at elementary schools and at the lower grades of grammar schools. In accordance with the research I try to suggest my own conception of teaching Trhosvinensko region (the methods of teaching, the excursion, the educational project and workbooks) that is based on the Framework Education Programme for Basic Education.

For many paramyxoviruses, including Newcastle disease virus (NDV), syncytia formation requires the expression of both surface glycoproteins (HN and F) in the same cell, and evidence suggests that fusion involves a specific interaction between the HN and F proteins (23, 73). Because a potential interaction in paramyxovirus infected cells has never been clearly demonstrated, such an interaction was explored in Chapter 2 using coimmunoprecipitation and crosslinking. Both HN and F proteins could be precipitated with heterologous antisera after a five minute radioactive pulse as well as after a two hour chase in non-radioactive media, but at low levels. Chemical crosslinking increased detection of complexes containing HN and F proteins at the cell surface. After crosslinking, intermediate as well as high molecular weight species containing both proteins were precipitated with monospecific antisera. Precipitation of proteins with anti-HN after crosslinking resulted in the detection of complexes which electrophoresed in the stacker region of the gel, from 160-300 kD, at 150 kD and at 74 kD. Precipitates obtained with anti-F after crosslinking contained species which migrated in the stacker region of the gel, between 160-300 kD, at 120 kD and at 66 kD. The 3-4 discrete complexes ranging in size from 160-300 kD contained both HN and F proteins when precipitated with either HN or F antisera. That crosslinking of complexes containing both HN and F proteins was not simply a function of overexpression of viral glycoproteins at the cell surface was addressed by demonstrating crosslinking at early time points post infection, when levels of viral surface glycoproteins are low. Use of cells infected with an avirulent strain of NDV showed that chemically crosslinked HN and F proteins were precipitated independent of cleavage of F0. Furthermore, under conditions that maximized HN protein binding to its receptor, there was no change in the percentages of HN and F0 proteins precipitated with heterologous antisera, but a decrease in F1protein precipitated was observed upon attachment. These data argue that the HN and F proteins interact in the RER. Upon attachment of the HN protein to its receptor, the HN protein undergoes a conformational change which causes a subsequent change in the associated F protein, releasing the hydrophobic fusion peptide into the target membrane and initiating fusion. Chapter 3 explores the stalk region of the NDV HN protein, which has been implicated in both fusion promotion and virus specificity of that activity. The NDV F protein contains two heptad repeat motifs which have been shown by site-directed mutagenesis to be critical for fusion (7, 51, 57). Heptad repeat motifs mediate protein-protein interactions by enabling the formation of coiled-coils. Upon analysis of the stalk region of the NDV HN protein, we identified two heptad repeats. Secondary structure analysis of these repeats suggested the potential for these regions to form alpha-helices. To investigate the importance of this sequence motif for fusion promotion, we mutated the hydrophobic "a" position amino acids of each heptad repeat to alanine or methionine. In addition, hydrophobic amino acids in other positions were also changed to alanine. Every mutant protein retained levels of attachment activity that was greater than or equal to the wild-type protein and bound to conformation-specific monoclonal as well as polyclonal antisera. Neuraminidase activity was variably affected. Every mutation, however, showed a dramatic decrease in fusion promotion activity. The phenotypes of these mutant proteins indicate that individual amino acids within the heptad repeat region of the stalk domain of the HN protein are important for the fusion promotion activity of the protein. These data are consistent with the idea that the HN protein associates with the F protein via specific interactions between the heptad repeat regions of both proteins.