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21	Technologie umělých plovoucích ostrovů pro zlepšení kvality vody v nádržích / The Technology of Artificial Floating Islands to Improve Reservoir Water Quality Mrkývka, Michal January 2018 (has links) This master thesis deals technology of floating islands and their application in practice. In the first theoretical part describes detail of physical and chemical properties of water, the cycle of substances in water and the distribution of standing water, which are considered the most suitable interest sites for the application and instalation of floating systems. The sekond part describes the measurement metodology, which was carried out in several stages on the research land of the Institute of Landscape Water Management. The measuremenr was focused on monitoring the quality characteristics of water in free artificial tanks (lysimeters). The first tank was with floating island, the sekond with floating rack without plants and the third tank with free surface (to ensure the simulation of the natural state). The measurement was under way in the calendar year 2017 and was divided into free stages (spring, summer, winter). During this period were monitored COD, total phosphorus, nitric and amoniacal nitrogen and dissolved oxygen, turbidity, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, water and air temperature and aggregate rainfall. Part of the master thesis is graphical and tabular evaluation of the results. The results are processed in the Minitab 16 statistical software, graphical representation is supplemented by the interlaced linear and cubic regression curves for easier search for the dependence of selected factors. The stages are compared at the end of the master thesis. At hhe end of summer 2017, the first application of the floating island according to utility model No. 31 169 was carried out within the Czech Republic on selected water reservoir in the Bílý Potok basin (Polička).
22	Závlaha vyčištěnými odpadními vodami / Treated Waste Water Irrigation Kohut, Rafael January 2017 (has links) The thesis deals with the issue of simulation of treated wastewater irrigation by the HYDRUS 2D software. The first part of the thesis is designed as a theoretical research of academic information and knowledge. It aims at introducing the issue of treated wastewater utilization for the purpose of the irrigation. Furthermore it provides basic theoretical information on numeric simulation of the dissolved materials motion and transport in the soil. The last chapter of the theoretical part describes the calibration of the simulation by the HYDRUS 2D software. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the formation of filtration columns placed in the chosen site of the root zone wastewater plant. Within the filtration columns the automatic irrigation was formed and set off. Measuring of humidity in filtration columns was taking place for 81 days as well as the water sampling after the flow through the soil horizons. On the grounds of the measuring results the calibration of numeric simulation was carried out by the HYDRUS 2D software. The last part of the thesis presents the applications through the extending and alternation of the modelled setting. The main aim of the thesis is to calibrate the model and propose a general solution to advancement at realization of irrigation details when using the treated wastewater for the purpose of irrigation.
23	Effects of manure application upon water quality of surface runoff from rainfall simulation tests Chen, I-Chun (Jean) 11 October 2005 Manure contains nutrients for crop growth; however, overapplication, with time, can result in excess nutrients in soil, which can subsequently be lost in surface runoff. <p>The general purpose of this research is to study the effect of liquid hog manure, applied as an agricultural fertilizer, on water chemistry of surface runoff from rainfall simulation tests. Specifically the research focuses on runoff water chemistry comparisons between lands receiving hog manure at different rates, via different injection methods, and upon different slope positions. <p>To examine these objectives, soil nutrient supply rates (P, NH4-N, and NO3-N) of the 0 5 cm depth of soil adjacent to rainfall simulation positions, and runoff water chemistry (TP, OP, NH4-N, NO3-N, DOC, Cl- and coliforms) during rainfall simulation tests were collected before and after manure addition. <p> Generally, manure application did increase soil NH4-N and NO3-N supply rates, and runoff NH4-N concentration. Soil P supply rate and runoff TP concentration were not affected by the manure addition; however, runoff OP concentration at one site (Perdue) increased significantly due to manure addition. The manure treatments applied in this study did not cause any significant increases in fecal or total coliform in runoff from rainfall simulation tests conducted 7 8 months after manure application. None of the water quality parameters exceeded the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality. <p> Manure injection method (regular versus low soil surface disturbance) had consistent effects on runoff chemistry, but application rate did not. The regular disturbance method had significantly higher concentrations of water quality parameters than the low disturbance method. <p> The position of the test on the slope did not result in any consistent trends in runoff chemistry, whether before or after manure addition. Foot slope positions had higher soil NH4-N supply rates than upper slope positions, both before and after manure addition. Soil NH4-N, NO3-N, and P supply rates between landscape positions were not likely influenced by manure addition. <p> Regression tests between soil nutrient supply rates and runoff chemistry indicate that soil NH4-N supply rates are a good index to predict runoff NH4-N concentration, but soil P did not predict runoff P. liquid hog manure manure runoff water quality manure rate manure injection surface soil nutrient supply rate DOC Cl TP NO3-N NH4-N OP slope phosphorus nitrogen runoff nutrient rainfall simulation plant root simulator probe PRS
24	Effects of manure application upon water quality of surface runoff from rainfall simulation tests Chen, I-Chun (Jean) 11 October 2005 (has links) Manure contains nutrients for crop growth; however, overapplication, with time, can result in excess nutrients in soil, which can subsequently be lost in surface runoff. <p>The general purpose of this research is to study the effect of liquid hog manure, applied as an agricultural fertilizer, on water chemistry of surface runoff from rainfall simulation tests. Specifically the research focuses on runoff water chemistry comparisons between lands receiving hog manure at different rates, via different injection methods, and upon different slope positions. <p>To examine these objectives, soil nutrient supply rates (P, NH4-N, and NO3-N) of the 0 5 cm depth of soil adjacent to rainfall simulation positions, and runoff water chemistry (TP, OP, NH4-N, NO3-N, DOC, Cl- and coliforms) during rainfall simulation tests were collected before and after manure addition. <p> Generally, manure application did increase soil NH4-N and NO3-N supply rates, and runoff NH4-N concentration. Soil P supply rate and runoff TP concentration were not affected by the manure addition; however, runoff OP concentration at one site (Perdue) increased significantly due to manure addition. The manure treatments applied in this study did not cause any significant increases in fecal or total coliform in runoff from rainfall simulation tests conducted 7 8 months after manure application. None of the water quality parameters exceeded the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality. <p> Manure injection method (regular versus low soil surface disturbance) had consistent effects on runoff chemistry, but application rate did not. The regular disturbance method had significantly higher concentrations of water quality parameters than the low disturbance method. <p> The position of the test on the slope did not result in any consistent trends in runoff chemistry, whether before or after manure addition. Foot slope positions had higher soil NH4-N supply rates than upper slope positions, both before and after manure addition. Soil NH4-N, NO3-N, and P supply rates between landscape positions were not likely influenced by manure addition. <p> Regression tests between soil nutrient supply rates and runoff chemistry indicate that soil NH4-N supply rates are a good index to predict runoff NH4-N concentration, but soil P did not predict runoff P. liquid hog manure manure runoff water quality manure rate manure injection surface soil nutrient supply rate DOC Cl TP NO3-N NH4-N OP slope phosphorus nitrogen runoff nutrient rainfall simulation plant root simulator probe PRS
25	Electrocaloric materials and devices Crossley, Samuel January 2013 (has links) The temperature and/or entropy of electrically polarisable materials can be altered by changing electric field E. Research into this electrocaloric (EC) effect has focussed on increasing the size of the EC effects, with the long-term aim of building a cooler with an EC material at its heart. Materials and experimental methods are briefly reviewed. A ‘resetting’ indirect route to isothermal entropy change ∆S for hysteretic first-order transitions is described. An indirect route to adiabatic temperature change ∆T, without the need for field-resolved heat capacity data, is also described. Three temperature controllers were built: a cryogenic probe for 77-420 K with ∼5 mK resolution, a high-temperature stage with vacuum enclosure for 295-700 K with ∼15 mK resolution, and a low-temperature stage for 120-400 K with electrical access via micropositioners. Automation enables dense datasets to be compiled. Single crystals of inorganic salts (NH4)2SO4 , KNO3 and NaNO2 were obtained. Applying 380 kV cm−1 across (NH4)2SO4 , it was found that \|∆S\| ∼ 20 J K−1 kg−1 and \|∆T \| ∼ 4 K, using the indirect method near the Curie temperature TC = 223 K. Without the ‘resetting’ indirect method, \|∆S\| ∼ 45 J K−1 kg−1 would have been spuriously found. Preliminary indirect measurements on KNO3 and NaNO2 give \|∆S\| ∼ 75 J K−1 kg−1 for ∆E ∼ 31 kV cm−1 near TC = 400 K and \|∆S\| ∼ 14 J K−1 kg−1 for ∆E ∼ 15 kV cm−1 near TC = 435 K, respectively. A cation-ordered PbSc0.5Ta0.5O3 ceramic showing a nominally first-order transition at 295 K was obtained. The Clausius-Clapeyron phase diagram is revealed via indirect measurements where \|∆S\| ∼ 3.25 J K−1 kg−1 and \|∆T \| ∼ 2 K, and direct measurements where \|∆T \| ∼ 2 K. Clamped samples show broadening of the field-induced transition. Epitaxial, ∼64 nm-thick SrTiO3 films were grown by pulsed laser deposition on NdGaO3 (001) substrates with a La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 bottom electrode. The indirect method gives \|∆S\| ∼ 8 J K−1 kg−1 and \|∆T \| ∼ 3.5 K near 180 K with \|∆E\| = 780 kV cm−1. Finite element modelling (FEM) was used to optimise the geometry of multilayered capacitors (MLCs) for EC cooling. Intrinsic cooling powers of 25.9 kW kg−1 are predicted for an optimised MLC based on PVDF-TrFE with Ag electrodes. 620.1
26	Regulation of Calcium Entry Pathway in Jurkat T Cells Fruasaha, Petronilla A. January 2008 (has links) No description available. Biomedical Research Biophysics Scientific Imaging CRAC pH Calcium Jurkat T cells lymphocytes Jurkat activation PIP3 Wortmannin PHA phytohemagglutinnin NH4+ propionate 2-APB HEK cells cytosolic alkalinization cytosolic acidification SOCE SOCE time course
27	Solvent–Solute Interaction : Studied by Synchrotron Radiation Based Photo and Auger Electron Spectroscopies Pokapanich, Wandared January 2011 (has links) Aqueous solutions were studied using photoelectron and Auger spectroscopy, based on synchrotron radiation and a liquid micro-jet setup. By varying the photon energy in photoelectron spectra, we depth profiled an aqueous tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) solution. Assuming uniform angular emission from the core levels, we found that the TBA+ ions were oriented at the surface with the hydrophobic butyl arms sticking into the liquid. We investigated the association between ions and their neighbors in aqueous solutions by studying the electronic decay after core ionization. The (2p)−1 decay of solvated K+ and Ca2+ ions was studied. The main features in the investigated decay spectra corresponded to two-hole final states localized on the ions. The spectra also showed additional features, related to delocalized two-hole final states with vacancies on a cation and a neighboring water molecule. These two processes compete, and by comparing relative intensities and using the known rate for the localized decay, we determined the time-scale for the delocalized process for the two ions. We compared to delocalized electronic decay processes in Na+, Mg2+, and Al3+, and found that they were slower in K+ and Ca2+, due to different internal decay mechanisms of the ions, as well as external differences in the ion-solute distances and interactions. In the O 1s Auger spectra of aqueous metal halide solutions, we observed features related to delocalized two-hole final states with vacancies on a water molecule and a neighboring solvated anion. The relative intensity of these feature indicated that the strength of the interaction between the halide ions and water correlated with ionic size. The delocalized decay was also used to investigate contact ion pair formation in high concentrated potassium halide solutions, but no concrete evidence of contact ion pairs was observed. / Felaktigt tryckt som Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 726 Interatomic Coulombic Decay ICD Auger electron spectroscopy AES X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS Ultra-violet spectroscopy UPS localized delocalized double ionization potential DIP two hole final states Water H2O Potassium chloride KCl Calcium chloride CaCl2 Ammonium NH4 Core hole clock lifetime solvated ion alkali halide Coster Kronig MAX-lab BESSY Liquid physics Vätskefysik

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