Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VivianeOC_DISSERT.pdf: 3402531 bytes, checksum: e2e7a469bf001a9ef16d573773ea7bda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are supramolecular structures consisted of ions or metal clusters coordinated to organic ligands which are repeated in two or three dimensions. These structures have atracted much attention due to their properties such as low density, high specific surface area and large volume of pores. In this work, MOFs consisted of zinc clusters connected by ditopic ligands, terephthalic acid (1,4- H2BDC) or isophthalic acid (1,3-H2BDC) were synthesized. To obtain the proposed materials, different routes and synthetic parameters were tested, such as the molar ratio of the precursors, the addition of template molecules, the type of solvente, the addition of organic base or the type of a counter-ion of Zn salt. It was found that the variation of these parameters led to the formation of different metalorganic structures. The solids obtained were characterized by XRD, SEM and IR. For the samples identified as MOF- 5, it was verified that the structure was composed of both interpenetrated and non interpenetrated structures. These samples showed a low stability, becoming totally transformed into another structure within less than 72 hours. The addition of the nickel and/or cobalt was found to be a promissing method for increasing the stability of MOF- 5, which in this case, still remained unconverted to another structure even after 15 days of exposure to air. The samples prepared from 1,3-H2BDC were probably new, still unknown Metal Organic Frameworks / Redes Metalorg?nicas (MOFs) s?o estruturas supramoleculares constitu?das de ?ons ou clusters met?licos coordenados com ligantes org?nicos que se repetem em duas (2D) ou tr?s (3D) dimens?es. Essas estruturas t?m atra?do muita aten??o devido ?s suas propriedades, como por exemplo, baixa densidade, elevada ?rea superficial espec?fica e elevado volume de poro livre. Neste trabalho foram sintetizadas MOFs formadas por clusters met?licos de zinco conectados por ligantes dit?picos, ?cido tereft?lico (1,4- H2BDC) ou isoft?lico (1,3-H2BDC). Para a obten??o dos materiais propostos foram testadas diferentes rotas e par?metros de s?ntese, tais como, raz?o molar dos precursores, adi??o de mol?culas de molde, tipo de solvente, adi??o de base org?nica ou do contra-?on do sal de Zn. Constatou-se que a varia??o destes par?metros pode conduzir a forma??o de diferentes estruturas metalorg?nicas. Os s?lidos obtidos foram caracterizados por DRX, MEV e IV e TG. Para as amostras onde foi identificada a rede metalorg?nica MOF-5 verificou-se a exist?ncia de por??es de estrutura interpenetrada, assim como de estrutura n?o interpenetrada. Estas amostras apresentaram baixa estabilidade, convertendo-se totalmente em outra estrutura num per?odo de tempo inferior a 72 h. A adi??o de n?quel e/ou cobalto mostrou-se promissora para o aumento de estabilidade da MOF-5, a qual foi identificada mesmo ap?s 15 dias de exposi??o ao ar. Dentre as amostras preparadas com 1,3-H2BDC apenas uma estrutura foi identificada, com base nos bancos de dados de estruturas conhecidas, levando a crer que tr?s redes metalorg?nicas obtidas apresentam estruturas in?ditas

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:06:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JaqueligiaBS_Capa_ate_referencias.pdf: 4148676 bytes, checksum: c08764d974461ebcf86494a06a296078 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In building, during the implementation process of major or even minor works, there is a considerable waste of plaster in the steps of coating, making it is a negative factor because of the loss of these processes constructive remains incorporated into buildings, as component, whose final dimensions are higher than those projected. Another negative factor is the disposal of waste gypsum in inappropriate places, thus contributing to the degradation of environmental quality, due to the leaching of this waste and may trigger the formation of sulfuric acid. Therefore, based on this picture, processing and reuse of waste coating, combined with the ceramics industry, which is a strong potential in the reuse of certain types of waste, promote mutual benefits. Thus the overall objective of this work is to conduct a search with scientific and technological aspects, to determine the effect of the incorporation of the residue of plaster for coating, from the building, the formulation of bodies for red ceramic. The residue of plaster coating was collected and characterized. They were also selected raw materials of two ceramic poles of the state of Rio Grande do Norte and formulations have been made with the intention of obtaining those with the best physical and mechanical properties, the residue was added the percentage of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%, in the best formulation of ceramic industry 1 and, according the properties analyses, 5%, 10% and 15% as the best results of ceramic industry 2. The samples were sintered at temperatures of 850 ?C, 950 ?C and 1050 ?C, the heating rate of 5 ?C / min with isotherm of two hours. They were submitted to testing technology, such as lineal shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent density and bending resistence. The residue incorporation best results in the formulations of mass in red ceramic, were observed between the temperatures of 850 ?C and 950 ?C, in those formulations that have illite clays and medium plastic in their composition, in the range of 0% to 15% residue incorporated / Na constru??o civil, durante o processo de execu??o de grandes ou at? mesmo pequenas obras, h? um desperd?cio consider?vel de gesso nas etapas de revestimento, tornando-se este um fator negativo, pois parte das perdas destes processos construtivos permanece incorporada nas constru??es, na forma de componentes, cujas dimens?es finais s?o superiores ?quelas projetadas. Outro fator negativo ? a disposi??o dos res?duos de gesso em locais inadequados, contribuindo assim para a degrada??o da qualidade ambiental, devido ao processo de lixivia??o deste res?duo, podendo desencadear na forma??o de ?cido sulf?rico. Baseado neste panorama, a transforma??o e o reaproveitamento dos res?duos de revestimento, aliada ? ind?stria da cer?mica, que ? um forte potencial no reaproveitamento de alguns tipos de res?duos, promoveria benef?cios m?tuos. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi de realizar uma pesquisa com aspectos cient?ficos e tecnol?gicos, para verificar o efeito da incorpora??o do res?duo de gesso para revestimento, proveniente da constru??o civil, na formula??o de massas para cer?mica vermelha. As mat?rias-primas foram coletadas de dois p?los cer?micos do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte e formuladas com o intuito de obter aquelas com as melhores propriedades f?sicas e mec?nica, tendo sido incorporados os percentuais 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% e 30% de res?duo, na melhor formula??o da ind?stria cer?mica 1 e, de acordo com a an?lise dos seus resultados, de 5%, 10% e 15% na melhor formula??o da ind?stria cer?mica 2. As amostras foram sinterizadas ?s temperaturas de 850 ?C, 950 ?C e 1050 ?C, ? taxa de aquecimento de 5 ?C/min com isoterma de duas horas e submetidas a ensaios tecnol?gicos, como retra??o linear de queima, absor??o de ?gua, porosidade aparente, massa espec?fica aparente e resist?ncia mec?nica ? flex?o. Os melhores resultados de incorpora??o do res?duo nas formula??es de massa de cer?mica vermelha foram observados na faixa de temperatura de 850 ?C a 950 ?C, naquelas que possuem argilas il?ticas e medianamente pl?sticas em sua composi??o, na faixa de 0% a 15% de res?duo incorporado

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HarrisonAD.pdf: 3488100 bytes, checksum: 805801db06d21e5667735d16a5799fe2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-30 / The cobalt-chromium alloy is extensively used in the Odontology for the confection of metallic scaffolding in partial removable denture. During the last few years, it has been reported an increasing number of premature imperfections, with a few months of prosthesis use. The manufacture of these components is made in prosthetic laboratories and normally involves recasting, using parts of casting alloy and parts of virgin alloy. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to analyze the mechanical properties of a commercial cobalt-chromium alloy of odontological use after successive recasting, searching information to guide the dental prosthesis laboratories in the correct manipulation of the cobalt-chromium alloy in the process of casting and the possible limits of recasting in the mechanical properties of this material. Seven sample groups were confectioned, each one containing five test bodies, divided in the following way: G1: casting only with virgin alloy; G2: casting with 50% of the alloy of the G1 + 50% of virgin alloy; G3: casting with 50% of the alloy of the G2 + 50% of virgin alloy; G4: casting with 50% of the alloy of the G3 + 50% of virgin alloy; G5: 50% of alloy of the G4 + 50% of virgin alloy; G6: 50% of alloy of the G5 + 50% of virgin alloy and finally the G7, only with recasting alloy. The modifications in the mechanical behavior of the alloy were evaluated. Moreover, it was carried the micro structural characterization of the material by optic and electronic scanning microscopy, and X ray diffraction.and fluorescence looking into the correlatation of the mechanical alterations with structural modifications of the material caused by successive recasting process. Generally the results showed alterations in the fracture energy of the alloy after successive recasting, resulting mainly of the increasing presence of pores and large voids, characteristic of the casting material. Thus, the interpretation of the results showed that the material did not reveal significant differences with respect to the tensile strength or elastic limit, as a function of successive recasting. The elastic modulus increased from the third recasting cycle on, indicating that the material can be recast only twice. The fracture energy of the material decreased, as the number of recasting cycles increased. With respect to the microhardness, the statistical analyses showedno significant differences. Electronic scanning microscopy revealed the presence of imperfections and defects, resulting of the recasting process. X ray diffraction and fluorescence did not show alterations in the composition of the alloy or the formation of crystalline phases between the analyzed groups. The optical micrographs showed an increasing number of voids and porosity as the material was recast. Therefore, the general conclusion of this study is that the successive recasting of of Co-Cr alloys affects the mechanical properties of the material, consequently leading to the failure of the prosthetic work. Based on the results, the best recommendadition is that the use of the material should be limited to two recasting cycles / Ligas cobalto-cromo s?o extensivamente utilizadas na Odontologia para a confec??o de arma??es met?licas em pr?teses parciais remov?veis. Durante os ?ltimos anos, tem sido reportado um n?mero crescente de falhas prematuras, com poucos meses de utiliza??o das pr?teses. A fabrica??o desses componentes ? feita em laborat?rios prot?ticos e normalmente envolve a refundi??o, utilizando partes de liga fundida e partes de liga virgem. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as propriedades mec?nicas de uma liga comercial de cobalto-cromo de uso odontol?gico ap?s sucessivas refundi??es, buscando informa??es no sentido de orientar os laborat?rios de pr?tese dent?ria na correta manipula??o dessa liga no processo de fundi??o e nos poss?veis limites de refundi??o desse material. Foram confeccionados sete grupos de amostras, cada um contendo cinco corpos de prova, divididos da seguinte maneira: G1: fundi??o apenas com liga virgem; G2: fundi??o com 50% da liga do G1 + 50% de liga virgem; G3: fundi??o com 50% da liga do G2 + 50% de liga virgem; G4: fundi??o com 50% da liga do G3 + 50% de liga virgem; G5: 50% de liga do G4 + 50% de liga virgem; G6: 50% de liga do G5 + 50% de liga virgem e finalmente o G7, s? com liga refundida. Foram avaliadas as principais modifica??es ocorridas no comportamento mec?nico dessa liga por meio de ensaios de tra??o e microdureza. Al?m disso, foi realizada a caracteriza??o microestrutural do material por meio de microscopia ?ptica e eletr?nica de varredura, difra??o e fluoresc?ncia de raios X procurando correlacionar as altera??es mec?nicas com modifica??es estruturais do material ocasionadas pelos sucessivos processos de refundi??o. De forma geral os resultados mostraram altera??es na plasticidade e energia de fratura da liga ap?s sucessivas refundi??es, decorrentes principalmente da crescente presen?a de poros e vazios, defeitos caracter?sticos da fundi??o do material. A interpreta??o dos resultados permitiu concluir que o material n?o apresentou diferen?as significativas em rela??o ? resist?ncia ? tra??o ou ao limite el?stico, em fun??o das sucessivas refundi??es. A energia de fratura do material mostrou tend?ncia ? diminui??o, ? medida que o material foi refundido. Em rela??o ? microdureza, as an?lises estat?sticas mostraram n?o haver diferen?as significativas. A microscopia eletr?nica revelou a presen?a de falhas e defeitos, resultantes dos processos de refundi??es. A an?lise por fluoresc?ncia e difra??o de raios X n?o mostrou altera??es na composi??o da liga ou na forma??o de fases cristalinas entre os grupos analisados. As micrografias ?pticas mostraram um crescente n?mero de vazios e aumento da porosidade ? medida que o material foi refundido. Assim, a conclus?o geral do trabalho ? que as sucessivas refundi??es em ligas de Co-Cr comprometem as propriedades mec?nicas do material, o que pode levar a falhas e consequentemente, ao fracasso do trabalho prot?tico. Com base nos resultados, o mais recomendado ? a utiliza??o de no m?ximo duas refundi??es, para que as propriedades do material n?o sejam comprometidas

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcioCSM_TESE.pdf: 957118 bytes, checksum: 7c10d815ada900ecb0efde8936a6064e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-29 / The growing concern with the solid residues management, observed in the last decade, due to its huge amount and impact, has motivated the search for recycling processes, where these residues can be reprocessed to generate new products, enlarging the cycle of materials and energy which are present. Among the polymeric residues, there is poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET). PET is used in food packaging, preferably in the bottling of carbonated beverages. The reintegration of post-consumer PET in half can be considered a productive action mitigation of environmental impacts caused by these wastes and it is done through the preparation of several different products at the origin, i.e. food packaging, with recycling rates increasing to each year. This work focused on the development and characterization mechanical, thermal, thermo-mechanical, dynamic mechanical thermal and morphology of the pure recycled PET and recycled PET composites with glass flakes in the weight fraction of 5%, 10% and 20% processed in a single screw extruder, using the following analytical techniques: thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile, Izod impact, Rockwell hardness, Vicat softening temperature, melt flow rate, burn rate, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of thermal analysis and mechanical properties leading to a positive evaluation, because in the thermograms the addition of glass flakes showed increasing behavior in the initial temperatures of thermal decomposition and melting crystalline, Furthermore was observed growing behavior in the mechanical performance of polymer composites, whose morphological structure was observed by SEM, verifying a good distribution of glass flakes, showing difference orientation in the center and in the surface layer of test body of composites with 10 and 20% of glass flakes. The results of DMTA Tg values of the composites obtained from the peak of tan ? showed little reductions due to poor interfacial adhesion between PET and recycled glass flakes. / A crescente preocupa??o com a gest?o de res?duos s?lidos, observada na ?ltima d?cada, em virtude de sua enorme quantidade e impacto ambiental, tem motivado a busca por processos de reciclagem, onde estes res?duos podem ser reprocessados de modo a gerarem novos produtos, ampliando o ciclo dos materiais e energia neles contidos. Dentre os res?duos polim?ricos, destaca-se o poli(tereftalato de etileno) (PET). O PET ? utilizado em embalagens de alimentos, preferencialmente, no envase de bebidas carbonatadas. A reintegra??o do PET p?s-consumo ao meio produtivo pode ser considerada uma a??o mitigat?ria dos impactos ambientais causados por estes res?duos e j? ? realizada por meio da obten??o de diversos produtos diferentes ao da origem, ou seja, embalagens para alimento, com taxas de reciclagem crescente a cada ano. Este trabalho focou o desenvolvimento e a caracteriza??o mec?nica, t?rmica, termo-mec?nica, termo-din?mico-mec?nica e morfol?gica do PET reciclado processado e dos comp?sitos de PET reciclado com flocos de vidro na fra??o em peso de 5%, 10% e 20% processados em uma extrusora rosca simples, utilizando as seguintes t?cnicas de an?lise: termogravimetria (TG), calorimetria explorat?ria diferencial (DSC), tra??o uniaxial, impacto Izod, dureza Rockwel, temperatura de amolecimento Vicat, ?ndice de fluidez, taxa de queima, an?lise termo-din?mico-mec?nica (DMTA) e microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV). Os resultados das an?lises t?rmicas e das propriedades mec?nicas conduziram a uma avalia??o positiva, pois nos termogramas as adi??es dos flocos de vidro mostraram comportamento crescente nas temperaturas inicial de decomposi??o t?rmica e de fus?o cristalina, al?m disso, observou-se comportamento crescente no desempenho mec?nico dos comp?sitos polim?ricos, cuja estrutura morfol?gica foi observada por MEV, verificando uma boa distribui??o dos flocos de vidro, apresentando diferen?a na orienta??o no centro e na camada superficial do corpo de prova dos comp?sitos com 10 e 20% de flocos de vidro. Nos resultados de DMTA os valores de Tg dos comp?sitos obtidos a partir do pico de tan ?, apresentaram pequenas redu??es, devido a pobre ades?o interfacial entre o PET reciclado e os flocos de vidro.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JorgeFSO_TESE.pdf: 9384301 bytes, checksum: 94f6528a142b55c3b875e331722c4d8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-09 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / As most current studies, reinforced plastics have been, in recent years, a viable alternative in building structural elements of medium and large, since the lightness accompanied by high performance possible. The design of hybrid polymer composites (combination of different types of reinforcements) may enable structural applications thereof, facing the most severe service conditions. Within this class of composite materials, reinforced the underlying tissues hybrid high performance are taking space when your application requires high load bearing and high rigidity. The objective of this research work is to study the challenges in designing these fabrics bring these materials as to its mechanical characterization and fracture mechanisms involved. Some parameters associated with the process and / or form of hybridization stand out as influential factors in the final performance of the material such as the presence of anisotropy, so the fabric weave, the process of making the same, normative geometry of the specimens, among others. This sense, four laminates were developed based hybrid reinforcement fabrics involving AS4 carbon fiber, kevlar and glass 49-E as the matrix epoxy vinyl ester resin (DERAKANE 411-350). All laminates were formed each with four layers of reinforcements. Depending on the hybrid fabric, all the influencing factors mentioned above have been studied for laminates. All laminates were manufactured industrially used being the lamination process manual (hand-lay-up). All mechanical characterization and study of the mechanism of fracture (fracture mechanics) was developed for laminates subjected to uniaxial tensile test, bending in three and uniaxial compression. The analysis of fracture mechanisms were held involving the macroscopic, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy / Conforme estudos mais atuais, os pl?sticos refor?ados v?m sendo, nos ?ltimos anos, uma alternativa vi?vel na constru??o de elementos estruturais de m?dio e grande porte, desde que a leveza acompanhada de alto desempenho seja poss?vel. A concep??o de comp?sitos polim?ricos h?bridos (combina??o entre tipos diferentes de refor?os) pode possibilitar aplica??es estruturais dos mesmos, frente ?s mais adversas condi??es de servi?os. Dentro dessa classe de materiais comp?sitos, os refor?ados a base de tecidos h?bridos de alto desempenho v?m tomando espa?o quando a sua aplica??o requer alto suporte de carga e alta rigidez. O objetivo desse trabalho de investiga??o ? o estudo da influ?ncia que esses tecidos trazem na concep??o desses materiais quanto a sua caracteriza??o mec?nica e mecanismos de fratura envolvidos. Alguns par?metros associados ao processo e/ou forma de hibridiza??o se destacam como fatores influenciadores no desempenho final do material tais como a presen?a de anisotropia, forma da trama tecido, processo de confec??o dos mesmos, geometria normativa dos corpos de prova, entre outros. Neste sentido, quatro laminados comp?sitos foram desenvolvidos ? base de tecidos de refor?os h?bridos envolvendo fibras de carbono AS4, kevlar 49 e vidro-E e como matriz a resina ep?xi ?ster vin?lica (DERAKANE 411-350). Todos os laminados comp?sitos foram constitu?dos com quatro camadas de refor?os. Dependendo do tipo de tecido h?brido, todos os fatores influenciadores acima mencionados foram estudados para os laminados. Todos os laminados foram fabricados industrialmente sendo empregado o processo de lamina??o manual (hand-lay-up). Todo o estudo da caracteriza??o mec?nica e do mecanismo de fratura (fratura mec?nica) foi desenvolvido para os laminados submetidos aos ensaios mec?nicos de tra??o uniaxial, flex?o em tr?s e compress?o uniaxial. As an?lises dos mecanismos de fratura foram realizadas envolvendo a macroscopia, microscopia ?tica e eletr?nica de varredura

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GilsonSN.pdf: 6365807 bytes, checksum: a479a13345717293c658748ef49aab97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-04 / The state of Rio Grande do Norte presents a great potentiality for the production of ceramic tiles because of having natural raw material in quantity and quality making its economical exploration possible, beyond the great energetic differential of the state, the natural g?s. This works aims to study the influence of the dolomite and granulometry concentration and calcinations temperature in the obtaining of formulations for porous coverings which have to be coherent to the project,s specifications. The experiments have involved the physical-chemical and mineralogical characterizations of raw materials and mechanical tests in the dry and burnt proof bodies preceding a mixture experiment planning with the use of the response surface methodology, in order to get the best raw materials combinations to produce a ceramic mass with specific properties. The twelve ceramic masses studied in this work were prepared by the via dry process, characterized, shaped by uniaxial pressing and sinterized in the temperatures of 940?C, 1000?C, 1060?C, 1120?C and 1180?C, using a fast burning cycle. The crystalline phases formed during the sintering in the temperatures in study have revealed the presence of anorthite and diopside beyond quartz with a remaining phase. These phases were the main responsible ones by the physical- mechanical properties of the sinterized proof bodies. The proof bodies after the sintering stage have presented water absorption higher than 10% and a good dimensional stability in all studied temperatures. However, the flexural breaking strength results in the temperatures of 940?C, 1000?C and 1060?C, under the temperature zone of the vitrification of ceramic whiteware do not reach the flexural breaking strength specific for the porous wall tile (15 MPa), but in the temperature of 1120?C next to the vitrification temperature zone, some whiteware ceramic (formulations) has reached the specified value for the porous wall tile. The results of this work have showed that the studied raw materials have great importance for used in the production of porous wall tiles (BIII) / Rio Grande do Norte apresenta uma grande potencialidade para produ??o de revestimento cer?mico, haja vista, possuir mat?rias-primas naturais em quantidade e qualidade possibilitando sua explora??o econ?mica, al?m do grande diferencial energ?tico do Estado, que ? o g?s natural. Este trabalho objetiva estudar a influ?ncia da concentra??o de dolomita, sua granulometria e temperatura de sinteriza??o na obten??o de formula??es para revestimento poroso que atendam as especif?ca??es do projeto. Os experimentos envolveram a caracteriza??o f?sico qu?mico e mineral?gica das mat?rias-primas, e ensaios mec?nicos nos corpos de prova secos e queimados, precedendo-se de um planejamento de experimento de mistura, com o uso da metodologia de superf?cie de resposta, a fim de se obter as melhores combina?oes das mat?rias-primas para produzir massa cer?mica com propriedades especif?cas. As doze massas cer?micas estudadas foram preparadas pelo processo via seca, caracterizadas, conformadas por presagem uniaxial e sinterizadas nas temperaturas de 940?C, 1000?C, 1060?C, 1120?C, e 1180?C, utilizando um ciclo de queima r?pido. As fases cristalina formadas durante a sinteriza??o nas temperaturas em estudo, revelaram a presen?a de anortita e diopsita, al?m de quartzo com fase remanescente. Estas fases foram as principais respons?veis pelas propriedades f?sico-mec?nicas dos corpos de provas sinterizados. As fases cristalina formadas durante a sinteriza??o nas temperaturas em estudo, revelaram a presen?a de anortita e diopsita, al?m de quartzo com fase remanescente. Estas fases foram as principais respons?veis pelas propriedades f?sico-mec?nicas dos corpos de provas sinterizados. Os corpos de prova ap?s sinteriza??o apresentaram absor??o de ?gua superior a 10%, e uma boa estabilidade dimensional em todas as temperaturas estudadas, entretanto, os resultados da tens?o de ruptura ? flex?o nas temperaturas ( 940?C, 1000?C,e1060?C) abaixo da faixa de temperatura de gresifica?ao das massas cer?micas, n?o atigiram o valor de TRF especificado para revestimento poroso(15 MPa), por?m, na temperatura de 1120?C pr?xima da faixa da temperatura de gresifica??o, algumas massas cer?micas (formula??es) j? atingiram o valor especificado para revestimento poroso. Os resultados desse trabalho mostraram que, as mat?rias primas estudadas possuem grande potencial para serem utilizadas na fabrica??o de revestimento poroso (BIII)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:56:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianaFB.pdf: 2544227 bytes, checksum: 4cce3a28f179a98110bbf0f2fcdab478 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Brazilian Housing policy has always promoted homeownership. In 1999, a new form of housing promotion was set up in the country with the PAR (Programa de Arrendamento Residencial, or residential rental programme). This is a sort of leasing, in which a right to buy is granted at the end of contract. Again, with this, the final objective is homeownership. This dissertation aims at further understanding the role of PAR in the wake of the country s housing policies of the post-BNH period, analysing the case of Jo?o Pessoa, capital city of Para?ba state. By focusing in the city, it has been possible to analyse also the impact of the programme in the dynamics of the city s urban development. Accordingly, the analysis of PAR seeks to understand the programme s operational aspects as well as its location, urban and architectural aspects. The operational aspects refer to how the programme is operated, considering the differences to the other housing programmes in the country. The urban and architectural aspects refer to location, typology and construction characteristics of housing estates produced under the scheme. This study gives a general view of the country s recent housing policy and programmes and the specific characteristics of PAR, observing also its impacts in the city development / A pol?tica habitacional brasileira caracteriza-se pela dissemina??o da ideologia da casa pr?pria. Em 1999, foi criada uma forma diferente de acesso ? moradia no pa?s, atrav?s do Programa de Arrendamento Residencial (PAR), que ? um arrendamento mercantil, ou leasing; no entanto, o novo programa continuou difundindo a ideologia da casa pr?pria, j? que, no final do contrato, ? dada ao arrendat?rio a op??o de compra. Este trabalho visa a compreender o papel do PAR no cen?rio das pol?ticas habitacionais, no per?odo p?s-BNH, por interm?dio de um estudo de caso na cidade de Jo?o Pessoa-PB. A partir da delimita??o da ?rea, foi poss?vel tamb?m estudar o programa em rela??o ? din?mica do crescimento urbano. Al?m disso, a an?lise do PAR foi dividida em duas vertentes anal?ticas: a primeira trata dos aspectos operacionais do programa; a outra ? voltada para os aspectos locacionais e arquitet?nicos das habita??es. Os aspectos operacionais se referem ? forma de funcionamento, considerando-se os elementos do PAR que o diferenciam dos demais programas de habita??o do pa?s. Os aspectos locacionais e arquitet?nicos se referem, respectivamente, ? localiza??o dos conjuntos no espa?o urbano e aos aspectos tipol?gicos e construtivos das moradias financiadas. Assim, torna-se poss?vel tra?ar o panorama da produ??o de conjuntos habitacionais e as caracter?sticas da produ??o promovida pelo PAR, observando-se suas especificidades e seus impactos na cidade

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:02:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WanessaS.pdf: 455733 bytes, checksum: f1698247e4a0491cd094aa4ffa270c21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The response of zooplankton assemblages to variations in the water quality of four man-made lakes, caused by eutrophication and siltation, was investigated by means of canonical correspondence analysis. Monte Carlo simulations using the CCA eingenvalues as test statistics revealed that changes in zooplankton species composition along the environmental gradients of trophic state and abiogenic turbidity were highly significant. The species Brachionus calyciflorus, Thermocyclops sp. and Argyrodiaptomus sp. were good indicators of eutrophic conditions while the species Brachionus dolabratus, Keratella tropica and Hexarthra sp. were good indicators of high turbidity due to suspended sediments. The rotifer genus Brachionus was the most species-rich taxon, comprising five species which were associated with different environmental conditions. Therefore, we tested whether this genus alone could potentially be a better biological indicator of these environmental gradients than the entire zooplankton assemblages or any other random set of five species. The ordination results show that the five Brachionus species alone did not explain better the observed pattern of environmental variation than most random sets of five species. Therefore, this genus could not be selected as a target taxon for more intensive environmental monitoring as has been previously suggested by Attayde and Bozelli (1998). Overall, our results show that changes in the water quality of man-made lakes in a tropical semi-arid region have significant effects on the structure of zooplankton assemblages that can potentially affect the functioning of these ecosystems / As respostas das assembl?ias zooplanct?nicas ?s varia??es na qualidade da ?gua de quatro reservat?rios, causadas por eutrofiza??o e assoreamento, foram investigadas por meio de uma an?lise de correspond?ncia can?nica. Simula??es de Monte Carlo utilizando os autovalores da CCA como estat?sticas teste revelaram que as mudan?as na composi??o de esp?cies zooplanct?nicas ao longo dos gradientes ambientais de estado tr?fico e turbidez abiog?nica foram altamente significativas. As esp?cies Brachionus calyciflorus, Thermocyclops sp. e Argyrodiaptomus sp. foram boas indicadoras de condi??es eutr?ficas enquanto que as esp?cies Brachionus dolabratus, Keratella tropica e Hexarthra sp. foram boas indicadoras de elevada turbidez por sedimentos em suspens?o. O g?nero de rot?feros Brachionus foi o mais rico em esp?cies, compreendendo cinco esp?cies que estiveram associadas a diferentes condi??es ambientais. Portanto, n?s testamos se esse g?nero sozinho poderia ser potencialmente um melhor indicador biol?gico desses gradientes ambientais do que toda a assembl?ia zooplanct?nica ou qualquer outro conjunto aleat?rio de cinco esp?cies. Os resultados da ordena??o demonstram que as cinco esp?cies de Brachionus quando sozinhas n?o explicaram melhor os padr?es observados de varia??o ambiental que a maioria dos conjuntos aleat?rios de cinco esp?cies. Portanto, este g?nero n?o pode ser selecionado como um t?xon alvo para um monitoramento ambiental mais intensivo conforme previamente sugerido por Attayde e Bozelli (1998). De um modo geral, nossos resultados mostram que mudan?as na qualidade da ?gua de reservat?rios em uma regi?o semi-?rida tropical t?m efeitos significativos sobre a estrutura das assembl?ias zooplanct?nicas, os quais podem afetar potencialmente o funcionamento desses ecossistemas

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:16:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EdvanM_TESE.pdf: 3369226 bytes, checksum: 764b7a9d291d433b871e24f1776af89d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In this work we present a study for the structural, electronic and optical properties, at ambient conditions of SrSnO3, SrxBa1?xSnO3 (x = 0:2; 0:4; 0:6; 0:8) and BaSnO3 crystals, all of them member of perovskite-type earth stannates class, ASnO3. The theoretical model employed was based on the density functional theory (DFT), considering both the local density and the generalized gradient approximations, LDA-CAPZ and GGA-PBE (OPIUM), respectively. For orthorhombic SrSnO3, the electronic band structure, density of states, complex dielectric function, optical absorption, and the infrared and Raman spectra were computed. Calculated lattice parameters are closed to the experimental measurements, and an indirect band gap E(S -> t ?)=1.97 eV (2.27 eV) was obtained within the GGA (LDA) level of calculation. E ective masses for holes and electrons were estimated, being very anisotropic in comparison with similar results for orthorhombic CaSnO3. The complex dielectric function and the optical absorption of SrSnO3 are sensitive to the plane of polarization of the incident light. The infrared spectrum between 100-600 cm-?1 was obtained, with its main peaks being assigned, and a good agreement between experimental and theoretical peaks of the Raman spectrum of orthorhombic SrSnO3 was achieved. For SrxBa1?xSnO3 series, their electronic properties were investigated. The cubic Sr0:2Ba0:8SnO3 has an indirect band gap, while tetragonal Sr0:4Ba0:6SnO3, orthorhombic Sr0:6Ba0:4 SnO3 and Sr0:8Ba0:2SnO3 exhibit a direct band gap. The Kohn-Sham minimum electronic band gap oscillates of 2.62 eV (tetragonal Sr0:4Ba0:6SnO3, LDA) to 1.52 eV (orthorhombic Sr0:6Ba0:4Sn O3, LDA). The effective masses for holes and electrons were estimated, being anisotropic in the series. For cubic BaSnO3, the electronic band structure, density of states, dielectric function and optical absorption were calculated, as well as the infrared absorption spectra after computing the vibrational modes of the crystal at q = 0. Dielectric optical permittivities and polarizabilities at w = 0 and w = ?? were also obtained. An indirect band gap E(R -> T?) of 1.01 eV and 0.74 eV was achieved within the LDA-CAPZ and the GGA-PBE, respectively, which is smaller than the experimental data ( ?? 3.1 eV). Effective masses of holes and electrons were estimated by parabolic tting along di erent directions at the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum, being highly isotropic for electrons and anisotropic for holes, allowing us to suggest that indirect gap cubic BaSnO3 is a semiconductor with potential for optoelectronic applications. The optical properties reveal a degree of isotropy for the crystal with respect to di erent polarization planes of incident light. The infrared spectrum between 100-600 cm?-? was obtained, with its main peaks being assigned / Apresentamos neste trabalho um estudo das propriedades estruturais, eletr?nicas e ?pticas, em temperatura ambiente dos cristais de SrSnO3, SrxBa1xSnO3 (x = 0:2; 0:4; 0:6; 0:8) e BaSnO3, todos eles membros da classe das perovskitas do tipo estanatos terrosos, ASnO3. O nosso modelo te?rico foi baseado na teoria do funcional da densidade (DFT) considerando as aproxima??es da densidade local e do gradiente generalizado, LDA-CAPZ e GGA-PBE (OPIUM), respectivamente. Para o SrSnO3 ortor?mbico, foram calculadas a estrutura de bandas eletr?nica, densidade de estados, fun??o diel?trica complexa, absor??o ?ptica e os espectros infravermelho e Raman. Os par?metros de rede calculados est?o pr?ximos dos resultados experimentais, e um band gap indireto E(S !)=1.97 eV (2.27 eV) foi obtido dentro do n?vel GGA (LDA) de c?lculo. As massas efetivas dos buraco e dos el?trons foram estimadas, sendo elas muito anisotr?picas em compara??o com os resultados similares para o CaSnO3 ortor?mbico. Al?m disso, nossos resultados mostram que a fun??o diel?trica complexa e a absor??o ?ptica do SrSnO3 s?o sens?veis ao plano de polariza??o da luz incidente. O espectro infravermelho entre 100{600 cm1 foi obtido, com seus principais picos sendo assinalados, e uma boa concord?ncia dos resultados experimentais e te?ricos do espectro Raman do SrSnO3 ortor?mbico foram alcan?ados. Para a s?rie SrxBa1xSnO3, as propriedades eletr?nicas foram investigadas. O Sr0:2Ba0:8 SnO3 c?bico possui um band gap indireto, enquanto o Sr0:4Ba0:6SnO3 tetragonal, os ortor?mbicos Sr0:6Ba0:4SnO3 e Sr0:8Ba0:2SnO3 exibem um band gap direto. O band gap eletr?nico m?nimo de Kohn-Sham oscila de 2.62 eV (Sr0:4Ba0:6SnO3 tetragonal, LDA) at? 1.52 eV (Sr0:6Ba0:4SnO3 ortor?mbico, LDA). As massas efetivas de buracos e de el?trons foram estimadas, sendo anisotr?picas nas s?ries. vi Para o BaSnO3 c?bico, foram calculadas a estrutura de bandas eletr?nica, densidade de estados, fun??o diel?trica e absor??o ?ptica, bem como o espectro infravermelho de absor??o ap?s computar os modos de vibra??o do cristal em q = 0. A permissividade ?ptica diel?trica e as polarizabilidades em ! = 0 e ! = 1 foram obtidas. Um band gap indireto E(R !) de 1.01 eV e 0.74 eV foi obtido com o LDA-CAPZ e o GGA-PBE, respectivamente, que ? menor que o dado experimental (3.1 e V). As massas efetivas de buraco e de el?tron foram estimadas atrav?s de um ajuste parab?lico ao longo de diferentes dire??es no m?ximo da banda de val?ncia e no m?nimo da banda de condu??o, sendo muito isotr?pico para el?trons e anisotr?pico para buracos, permitindo-nos sugerir que o BaSnO3 c?bico de gap indireto ? um semicondutor com potencial para aplica??es optoeletr?nicas. As propriedades ?pticas revelaram um grau de isotropia para o cristal com respeito aos diferentes planos de polariza??o de luz incidente. O espectro infravermelho entre 100{600 cm 1 foi obtido, com seus principais picos sendo assinalados

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuizGSD_ate_cap6.pdf: 3498562 bytes, checksum: 2d2d95d878c0320cd578c1fd98d02cfe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The of Serrinha plutonic suite, northeastern portion of the Borborema Province (NE Brazil), is characterized by a voluminous and diversified magmatism of Neoproterozoic age, intrusive in the Archean to Paleoproterozoic gneissic-migmatitic basement of the S?o Jos? de Campestre massif. Field relations and petrographic and geochemical data allowed us to individualize different lithologic types among this plutonic suite, which is represented by intermediate to mafic enclaves, porphyritic diorites, porphyritic granitoids, porphyritic granodiorites, microporphyritic granites and dykes/sheets of microgranite. The intermediate-to-mafic enclaves occur associated with porphyritic granitoids, showing mixture textures. The porphyrytic diorites occur as isolated bodies, generally associated with intermediate-to-mafic enclaves and locally as enclaves within porphyritic granites. The granodiorites represent mixing between an intermediate to mafic magma with an acidic one. The micropophyritic granites occur as isolated small bodies, generally deformed, while the microgranite dykes/sheets crosscut all the previous granitoids. A U-Pb zircon age of 576 + 3 Ma was obtained for the Serrinha granite. This age is interpreted as age of the peak of the regional ductile deformational event (D3) and of the associated the E-W Rio Jacu shear zone, which control the emplacement of the Neoproterozoic syntectonic plutons. The porphyrytic granitoids show monzogranitic composition, transitional between peraluminous and metaluminous types, typically of the high potassium subalkaline-calc-alkaline series. The intermediate-to-mafic enclaves present vary from quartz diorite to tonalite/granodiorite, with metaluminous, shoshonitic affinity. The diorites are generally quartz-monzodiorite in composition, with metaluminous, subalkaline affinity. They display coarse-grained, inequigranular, porphyrytic texture, with predominance of plagioclase phenocrystals immersed in a matrix composed of biotite and pyroxenes. The microporphyrytic granites are essentially monzogranites of fine- to medium-grained texture, whereas microgranite dikes/sheets varying from monzogranites to syenogranites, with fine to media texture, equigranular. The diversified magmatism occurring at a relatively small surface associated with shear zones, suggests lithospheric dimensions for such structures, with magma extractions from different depths within the lower crust and upper mantle. The geological, geochemical and geochronological characteristics of the Serrinha plutonic suite suggest a pos-collisional geodynamic context for the Neoproterozoic magmatism. Thermobarometric data show emplacement conditions in the range 5-6 kbar (AlTamphibole) and 730-740?C (plagioclase-amphibole) for the porphyrytic granitoids (Serrinha body) and the intermediate-to-mafic enclaves / A su?te plut?nica da regi?o de Serrinha, localizada no extremo nordeste da Prov?ncia Borborema (NE do Brasil), caracteriza-se por um volumoso e diversificado magmatismo de idade neoproteroz?ica, intrusivo no substrato gn?issico-migmat?tico, de idade arqueana a paleoproteroz?ica, do Maci?o S?o Jos? de Campestre. Rela??es de campo, dados petrogr?ficos e geoqu?micos permitiram individualizar os diferentes tipos litol?gicos desta su?te plut?nica, que s?o representados por encraves intermedi?rios a m?ficos, rochas dior?ticas porfir?ticas, granit?ides porfir?ticos, granodioritos porfir?ticos, granitos microporfir?ticos e diques/sheets microgran?ticos. Os encraves intermedi?rios a m?ficos ocorrem, principalmente, associados aos granit?ides porfir?ticos, exibindo fei??es de mistura. Os dioritos porfir?ticos ocorrem como corpos isolados, associados com encraves intermedi?rios a m?ficos, e localmente como encraves nos granitos porfir?ticos. Os granodioritos representam um f?cies t?pico de mistura entre um magma intermedi?rio a m?fico, dior?tico, e outro ?cido, granitico. Os granitos microporfir?ticos apresentam-se como pequenos corpos isolados, geralmente deformados. Os diques e sheets microgran?ticos s?o tardios na seq??ncia magm?tica da ?rea estudada, com rela??es intrusivas nas demais unidades magm?ticas. Uma idada U-Pb em zirc?o de 576 + 3 Ma foi obtida para o Granito Serrinha, que ocorre controlado por uma zona de cisalhamento de dire??o geral E-W (Zona de Cisalhamento Rio Jacu). Tendo em vista o car?ter sintect?nico desse pl?ton, essa idade marca a sua coloca??o e o pico da deforma??o D3 associada. Este evento ? respons?vel pela atual arquitetura estrutural da ?rea mapeada, com gera??o da tect?nica ranscorrente/distensional impressa nas zonas de cisalhamento que controlam o alojamento dos pl?tons neoproteroz?icos. Os granit?ides porfir?ticos apresentam composi??o predominantemente monzogran?tica, apresentando caracter?sticas transicionais entre peraluminosos e metaluminosos, tipicamente de afinidade subalcalina - c?lcio-alcalina de alto K. Os encraves intermedi?rios a m?ficos variam de quartzo dioritos a tonalitos/granodioritos, com textura faner?tica fina a m?dia. S?o rochas metaluminosas de afinidade shoshon?tica. As rochas dior?ticas porfir?ticas s?o principalmente quartzo monzodioritos, com textura inequigranular porfir?tica, com predom?nio de fenocristais de plagiocl?sio imersos numa matriz composta por biotita e pirox?nios. S?o rochas metaluminosas, de afinidade subalcalina m?fica. Os granitos microporfir?ticos s?o essencialmente monzogranitos de textura fina a m?dia, inequigranular, e os diques e sheetsmicrogran?ticos apresentam composi??o variando de monzogranitos a sienogranitos, com textura fina, equigranular. Apesar da pouca quantidade de dados, essas rochas apresentam caracter?sticas de afinidade geoqu?mica com a s?rie c?lcio-alcalina de alto K. O diversificado magmatismo ocorrendo em uma superf?cie relativamente pequena, associado a zonas de cisalhamento, apontam dimens?es litosf?ricas para essas estruturas, com extra??o de magmas a partir de diferentes n?veis da crosta e do manto superior. As caracter?sticas geol?gicas, geoqu?micas e geocronol?gicas da su?te plut?nica Neoproteroz?ica da regi?o de Serrinha sugerem um contexto geodin?mico p?s-colisional para a coloca??o dos corpos estudados ao final da orog?nese Neoproteroz?ica. Dados termobarom?tricos apontam condi??es P-T da ordem de 5-6 kbar (AlT-anfib?lio) e 730-740?C (plagiocl?sio-anfib?lio) para a coloca??o dos granit?ides porfir?ticos e encraves intermedi?rios a m?ficos associados