The aim of this essay is to analyze and discuss the historiographical depictions of two Swedish historical insurgents, Nils Dacke and Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson in the encyclopedia Nordisk Familjebok and other literary works. Furthermore, the essay will also conduct an analysis on the use of history by using Karlssons typology, regarding the monuments dedicated to Nils Dacke in Virserum, Småland and Engelbrekt Engelbrektssonin Örebro, Närke. Additional theoretical framework that has been implemented in this essay is an iconographical analysis, which is used in the image analysis of the selected monuments. Regarding the depiction of Nils Dacke and Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson in the literary source material, the results have shown significant differences between the two. The image of Nils Dacke has remained negative throughout the centuries, whereas the image of Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson has been portrayed consistently positive. This could be interpreted as a result of hegemonial influence on the Swedish historiography, which remained static from the 1600th century to modern days. The study has also found that these differences could be related to the interpretation of source material, where inadequate material has led to individual interpretations by scholars, or forming the image of each insurgent to a certain liking. Moreover, the use of history analysis and the iconographical analysis regarding the two monuments, indicates a strong correlation with the image conveyed in the literary source material. The application of Karlssons typology has shown how the two insurgents have been used for various historical purposes and contexts. In relation to iconographical analysis, the monument of Engelbrekt in Örebro is fit for a king and carefully executed, whereas the monument of Dacke in Virserum is farmore humble and under-exaggerated in terms of proportion.

<p>The purpose of this essay is to look upon the gender structure in Sweden, during the late Middle Ages. Mainly I focus on how the church viewed men and women, since the material of my research, the miracle stories of three saints, was found credible and was written down by churchmen. The saints, whose miracles I have studied, are Birgitta Birgersdotter and Katarina Ulfsdotter of Vadstena and Niklas Hermansson of Linköping. These miracles have earlier been studied by the historian Anders Fröjmark, who has noticed that there are fewer heeled women than men figuring in the miracles. Because of this, Fröjmark draws the conclusion that women were less able to leave their homes and travel as pilgrims to the holy sites of the saints. I, on the other hand, argue that the pilgrim journey was a religious act that both sexes could take equal part in. There are for example plenty of cases in the miracle stories were women have traveled for long distances alone, or with their cured children. The reasons why females are underrepresented could instead be that men seemed more reliable in the eyes of the churchmen. Another reason to the lower representation of women is that men, during the late middle ages, seem to have been far more likely to be the target of accidents and violent assaults.This research also shows that women, being regarded as less reliable, seldom were accepted as witnesses to the miracles. Nuns were however an exception and there is reason to believe that also widows were seen as more reliable than other women. Females who were present during a “birth miracle” were also allowed to witness.</p>

The purpose of this essay is to look upon the gender structure in Sweden, during the late Middle Ages. Mainly I focus on how the church viewed men and women, since the material of my research, the miracle stories of three saints, was found credible and was written down by churchmen. The saints, whose miracles I have studied, are Birgitta Birgersdotter and Katarina Ulfsdotter of Vadstena and Niklas Hermansson of Linköping. These miracles have earlier been studied by the historian Anders Fröjmark, who has noticed that there are fewer heeled women than men figuring in the miracles. Because of this, Fröjmark draws the conclusion that women were less able to leave their homes and travel as pilgrims to the holy sites of the saints. I, on the other hand, argue that the pilgrim journey was a religious act that both sexes could take equal part in. There are for example plenty of cases in the miracle stories were women have traveled for long distances alone, or with their cured children. The reasons why females are underrepresented could instead be that men seemed more reliable in the eyes of the churchmen. Another reason to the lower representation of women is that men, during the late middle ages, seem to have been far more likely to be the target of accidents and violent assaults.This research also shows that women, being regarded as less reliable, seldom were accepted as witnesses to the miracles. Nuns were however an exception and there is reason to believe that also widows were seen as more reliable than other women. Females who were present during a “birth miracle” were also allowed to witness.

Scholarly research on comical popular theatre is rare in the Swedish context even though the genre has attracted large audiences throughout the 20th century. Nils Poppe is one of the greatest Swedish actors in the comical genre and he is famous for his playful acting style. With my Master’s dissertation I aim to shed some light on both the genre and this great actor. Another aim of this Master’s dissertation is to gain understanding of what causes the audience’s laughter experiencing Nils Poppe’s comical acting. To understand the audience response to the comical acting I need to study the communication between the actor and the beholders.   In doing this I use Bert O. States phenomenological approach, in which he divides the communication into three modes in which the beholder experiences the action. In each of these modes I then use complementary concepts and theories to analyze the audience’s laughter. My analysis starts with the Representational mode in which the focus is on the fiction of the play. Using semiotics, I discuss Poppe’s characters as a stock character related to the Commedia dell’arte character Harlequin and other clown characters, which are imbedded in the audience’s memory. With examples from a play I show why the audience laugh in different scenes.  In the next chapter, I analyze the Self-expressive mode in which the artist at stage is in focus. While experiencing the fiction of the play the audience simultaneously experiences the reality on stage. The actor is present and Poppe’s real face, body and voice is affecting the audience’s response. The final mode is the Collaborative mode in which the collaboration between the actor and beholder is analyzed. The direction of the play and how Poppe interacts with the audience is increasing the impression of presence among the audience. In his acting, Poppe breaks the theatrical conventions of the separation between fiction and reality, and in improvisations, he challenges both the audience and fellow actor’s notion of theatre. The result of the study implies that some laughter can’t be explained just by studying each of these modes separately. When the character leaves the fictional play and acts within the audience reality, or when the actor on stage is understood as part of the fiction an incongruity is created that tends to make the audience laugh.

La connaissance des effets et modes d’action des QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) de résistance des plantes aux maladies est un enjeu majeur pour l’exploitation durable des résistances génétiques en agriculture. Dans le pathosystème pois/Aphanomyces euteiches, présentant une importance économique majeure, l’objectif de la thèse a consisté à valider les effets de QTL de résistance, seuls ou en combinaison, et à connaitre leurs modes d’action sur les étapes du cycle de l’agent pathogène. Un total de 157 NILs (Near Isogenic Lines) de pois issues d’un programme de Back-cross Assisté par Marqueurs, porteuses d’aucun, un, deux ou trois des sept principaux QTL de résistance préalablement identifiés, a été génotypé à l’aide d’une puce 15K SNPs et évalué pour la résistance. Les NILs porteuses de QTL à effets majeurs, seuls ou en combinaison avec des QTL à effets mineurs,ont présenté des niveaux accrus de résistance partielle en conditions contrôlées et au champ par rapport aux NILs dépourvues de QTL, dans différents fonds génétiques. Certaines NILs comportant des QTL individuels ou combinés à effets mineurs ont également montré un niveau réduit de sévérité de la maladie dans l’une ou les deux conditions de test. La plupart des QTL a présenté des effets significatifs sur le ralentissement de l’infection et/ou de la quantité d’ADN pathogène ayant colonisé la racine pendant sept jours après inoculation. Cette thèse fournit des outils et éléments de choix de QTL à combiner en sélection pour augmenter l’efficacité de la résistance partielle à A. euteiches dans les futures variétés de pois / Knowledge of the effects and action modes of resistance QTL to plant diseases is a major challenge for the durable use of genetic resistances in agriculture. In the pea/Aphanomyces euteiches pathosystem, which has a major economic importance, the aim of this study was to validate the single or combined effects of main resistance QTL, and study their action modes on steps of the pathogen life cycle. A total of 157 pea NILs (Near Isogenic Lines) created by Marker-Assisted Back-crossing and carrying no, one, two or three of the seven main resistance QTL previously identified, was genotyped using a 15K SNPs array and evaluated for resistance. The NILs carrying major-effect QTL, individually or in combination with minor-effect QTL, had increased levels of partial resistance in controlledconditions and in the field compared to NILs without QTL, in different genetic backgrounds. Several NILs carrying single or multiple minor-effect QTL also showed reduced levels of disease severity in one or the two test conditions. Most of the QTL had significant effects on slowing down infection and/or pathogen DNA quantity which had colonized the root for seven days after inoculation. This study gives tools and information for the choice of resistance QTL to use in pyramiding breeding strategies for increasing partial levels of resistance to A. euteiches in future pea varieties.

The aim of this study is to make a comparative study between the grievances during the Dacke Warand the German Peasant´s War. These two conflicts may have occurred separately, regarding bothgeographical and chronological distances but also share common issues for this comparative study.Less than two decades separates these two conflicts and they were all by their own serious insurrectionsduring their time. While the German Peasant´s War was the greatest uprising in Europe up tothe French Revolution, the Dacke War was the biggest Peasant Rebellion in Scandinavian history.While the German Peasant War has been studied and researched by historians for a relative longtime, the Dacke War has been neglected in research history. If it were not for the Swedish professorLars-Olof Larsson’s studies during foremost in the 1960s, the Dacke War would have been a historicallyuncharted territory of research indeed. This study aims to foremost supplement the unsatisfiedresearch on the Dacke War, but also supplement the research of The German Peasant war, with thiscomparative study. Although is exists a somewhat considerable amount of studies and theories regardinggeneral peasant uprisings and revolts from this period, researchers are still debating themain causes for these violent conflicts. The combination of different geographical and social differencesand insufficient sources makes studies about theses conflicts both problematic and complex.The result of this comparative study, show that both uprisings shared both common and differentkinds of grievances where generally the rebels of the German Peasant´s War had a larger propotionof demands than the rebels of the Dacke War. In Sweden the grievances was largely made up bycomplaints. While the German Peasant´s War was generally more radical and religious motivatedthan the Dacke War, it shared many similarities to each other, especially when it came to economicand economical complaints. While the German Peasants (although not all rebel-groups) made radicaldemands, such as the abolishment of serfdom, the rebels during the Dacke War were more intenton restoring their former rights and customs. Therefore the Swedish peasantry motivated theircomplaints by claiming they had juridical rights and legal claims to motivate rebellion. The Germanpeasants on the other hand, although also sharing the same motives but in somewhat lesser degree,had less legal rights and therefore motivated their demands in religious terms. The reason why thegrievances during the Dacke War mostly can be categorized as complaints instead of demands, maybe explained how influential and political equal the Swedish peasants were as a social group and estatein Swedish society compared to the many peasants living in serfdom in the Holy Roman Empire.This is also why German rebels more often legitimized their demands with religious motive,because they lacked the political power as social group and estate.

This bachelor thesis covers the subject of the impressionist painter Nils Kreuger and aselective five works of art he produced during the industrialization. The aim of the study is toexamine how Kreuger expressed his oppositional position to the industrialization through therepresentation of horses and their relation to the landscapes in which they are depicted. Withthe use of the viewer's reflective perception the study takes interest in aesthetic dimensionsand meanings and if or how they can mediate the concept of freedom in visual arts. And if so,how is it expressed in the works of Kreuger? The result shows that there is reason to believehis paintings express and mediate the concept of freedom through the analysis of hisaesthetics and the intrinsic meaning in his work.

The purpose of the essay is to investigate how the media portrays victims of deadly violence and the perpetrators who committed these acts. A particular emphasis on fatal partner and family violence is taken into account for a narrower but more precise focus. The study is characterized by a qualitative investigation with a thematic analysis as a method. The thematization of the analysis is also gradually worked through due to the application of the theory of the ideal victim to the study. The main recurring themes found are descriptions of victims and perpetrators' gender and abuses in connection with the deadly violence they endured or inflicted. In this study it becomes clear that there are clear differences between victims and perpetrators depending on if they are male or female. Women are often described as victims even if they are the perpetrator in question, the males are described as perpetrators even if they themselves are victims. / Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur media porträtterar offer för dödligt våld samt de gärningspersoner som begått dessa handlingar. En särskild betoning av dödligt partner- och familjevåld tas i beaktning för ett snävare men mer preciserat fokus. Studien genomsyras av en kvalitativ undersökning med en tematisk analys som metod. Analysens tematisering arbetas även successivt in med anledning av teorin om det ideala offrets applicering på studien. De främst återkommande temana som återfunnits är beskrivningar av offer och gärningspersoners kön och missförhållanden i samband med det dödliga våld de utstått eller utfärdat. I denna studie framkommer det att det finns tydliga skillnader gällande gärningspersoner och brottsoffer beroende på om de är män eller kvinnor. Kvinnor beskrivs ofta som offer även om de själva varit gärningspersonen i fråga, männen beskrivs som gärningspersoner även om de själva varit brottsoffer. / <p>2023-04-13</p>

Det här arbetet behandlar Dominick Argentos sångcykel The Andrée Expedition, ett verk som beskriver den historiska händelse i slutet av 1800-talet då tre svenskar med hjälp av luftballong försökte bli de första någonsin att ta sig till Nordpolen. Arbetet beskriver och utforskar den konstnärliga processen, instuderingen och framförandet av verket. Utgångspunkten ligger i den del av förberedelsearbetet som har skett innan den textliga och musikaliska instuderingen har påbörjats: utforskande och sammanställning av information som beskriver de tre personerna Salomon August Andrée, Knut Frænkel och Nils Strindberg. Syftet med arbetet är att utforska hur denna förberedelseprocess har påverkat framförandet av verket. Efter genomförda efterforskningar i texter och litteratur som behandlar dessa tre historiska personer har en karaktärsanalys genomförts. Denna analys har sedan satts i relation till det komponerade verket och således kompositörens tillvägagångssätt att beskriva och gestalta karaktärerna. Genom att utgå från dessa två förutsättningar har en tolkning av verket utkristalliserat sig. Studien har lett till slutsatser om värdet i att inte bara låta sig påverkas av impulser från det faktiska verket som ska framföras. Utöver den text och musik som verket utgör så finns det en mängd källor som kan ge upphov till tankar och inspiration som sedan leder till en personlig tolkning och ett intressant framförande. / <p>Dominick Argento</p><p>The Andrée Expedition</p><p>Viktor Rydén, baryton</p><p>Joakim Martinsen, piano</p>

The aim of this essay is to investigate and describe some of the important factors which should be taken into consideration when a Swedish interlibrary loan system for the future is discussed. The Swedish interurban lending centres and their tasks are discussed in this context.The method used for this purpose is qualitative. The representatives of the three interurbanlending centres are interviewed.One of the conclusions reached in this essay, is that there are several possible ways to go when creating an interlibrary loan system for the future needs. In the end of this essay, a number of schematic models for this purpose are introduced. Their advantages as well as their disadvantages are discussed in this context.