La thèse est structurée autour de quatre articles. Le premier article - What determines efficiency? An analysis of the Italian water sector – offre une évaluation d’efficience du plus grand échantillon d’entreprises italiennes dans le secteur de l’eau qui ait jamais été rassemblé. Cela sur un horizon temporel de quatre ans. Le deuxième article – Hydropower rent in Northern Italy: economic and environmental concerns in the renewal procedure – a deux objectifs: le premier est d’estimer la rente de l’hydroélectricité en Italie, ce qui n’a jamais été intenté auparavant ; le seconde est d’analyser le trade-off entre l’appropriation de la rente et les améliorations environnementales. Le troisième article – Estimating a performance-based environmental fee for hydropower production: a choice experiment approach – développe une redevance basée sur la performance environnementale à mesure non seulement d’internaliser les coûts environnementaux que l’hydroélectricité détermine, mais aussi d'inciter les producteurs à aller au delà de la régulation environnementale existante : de cette façon, ils payent moins. Enfin, le quatrième article – Cheaper electricity or a better river? Estimating fluvial ecosystem value in Southern France – applique la méthodologie CE à l’étude du trade-off potentiel entre revenue-sharing et améliorations environnementales dans la Vallée d’Aspe (Pyrénées français), où plus de 100 MW de capacité hydroélectrique sont installés. / The thesis is structured as a collection of four papers and it is ideally divided into two parts: the first one, composed of just one paper, is an efficiency analysis of the Italian integrated water sector; the second part, made of the other three papers, is thematic and studies hydropower production in terms of rent generation and environmental impacts.The first paper – What determines efficiency? An analysis of the Italian water sector – offers an original evaluation of the efficiency of the biggest sample ever gathered of Italian water companies over a period of four years.The first paper of the thematic part – Hydropower rent in Northern Italy: economic and environmental concerns in the renewal procedure – has two objectives: the first one is to estimate the hydropower rent in Italy, which has never been done before; the second one is to investigate the trade-off between rent seizing and environmental improvements.The second thematic paper – Estimating a performance-based environmental fee for hydropower production: a choice experiment approach – develops a performance-based environmental fee able not only to internalize the environmental costs that hydropower causes, but also to stimulate producers to outperform existing environmental regulation: the more they outperform, the less they pay.Finally, the third thematic paper – Cheaper electricity or a better river? Estimating fluvial ecosystem value in Southern France – applies the DCE approach to study the potential trade-off between revenue-sharing and environmental improvements in the Aspe valley, located in the French Pyrenees, where more than 100 MW of hydropower capacity are installed.

The aim of this Theses was to investigate the effect of play therapy on children whose parents are either divorced or divorcing. This study is qualitative, adopting a casuistic approach. In the theoretical part, the stages of divorce, child's adaptation to divorce and individual non- directive play therapy are described. The practical part consists of five case studies showing practical application of play therapy. The analysis is based on ten cases (children aged three to nine years, four boys and six girls). Data were analyzed using open, axial and selective coding. Play therapy for children in divorce situations is an appropriate therapy tool for children whose both parents agree with the treatment and the child meets the indications. Children respond positively to play therapy, they express the family conflict. The results of the study open possibility for further research in the field of non-directive play therapy. Key words: play therapy, non-directive individual play therapy, divorce, adaptation to divorce

The drama of Senkatana by S.M. Mofokeng is analysed by applying principles provided by speech act theory, using as basis the explication of the theory by Bach and Harnish (1979). The socio-cultural context in the play has as its starting point the realm of myth and legend. From here all categories of relationships within the protagonist/antagonist encounter unfold, as do opposing sets of contextual beliefs characters rely on; these are primarily responsible for the growing conflict in the drama. Enhancing the mythical character of the play is the absorbing role played by the diboni, acting as seers, as prophets and as additional 'authorial voice'. Their and those of other characters' speech acts reflect this and more; they operate in a substantiated sign-system which provides a framework for evaluating each semiotic act from locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary dimensions of meaning. Chapter 1 comprises a historical survey of studies on speech act theory, and includes a brief summary of the position of the theory in the field of semiotics. The micro speech act analysis of the play is facilitated by the division of the text into smaller action units (summarised in Addendum 1). Chapter 2, containing the greater part of the exposition, commences the narration of the folktale and offers a clear rendering of the epic rise of the hero. Chapter 3 portrays the rise and progress of the antagonists challenging the hero, coupled with intensifying anxiety among the protagonists. Chapter 4 provides a vivid overview of how the values of the hero triumph over those of the antagonist despite the physical slaying of the hero. Chapter 5 offers a graphic outline of how the macro speech act is accomplished in the play. It is shown how an investigation of the speech act profiles of characters, coupled with the evaluation of illocutionary tactics and illocutionary/perlocutionary dynamics, communicates significant information pertaining to characterisation. A graph illustrating the rise and fall of micro speech acts within the larger macro speech act is provided in Addendum 2. Suggestions are made regarding future research in literary texts. / African Languages / D.Lit. et Phil. (African Languages)

This essay is focusing on the connection between insecure employment within temporary agency work and the psychological health in young adults and immigrants. Groups who are overrepresented as employees at the agencies. The employers responsibility for a safe work environment have also been analysed regarding the psychological health for the employees within temporary work agencies. Two questions have been answered to be able to investigate this; how the employers responsibility for a good organizational and psychological work environment meets the special needs of employees within temporary work agencies and how the psychological health in young adults and immigrants is affected by insecure employment. In this essay I used the jurisprudence method with focus on the doctrinal method since the written material is the main source of material which I connected to the sources of law. I have used both international and national law together with literature, reports, articles and electronic sources to give the essay an extensive ground to stand on. Finally, I reach the conclusion that the employers’ responsibility for a well-functioning organizational and psychological work environment for employees within temporary work agencies are inadequate. The explanation is that the general design of the contracts to which the employers and the customer companies enter into, usually makes the employers absent from the workplace which limit their ability to implement proper work adjustments for the employees.  Neither can the employer control which type of work that is available which makes it hard for the agency to make sure the employee can evolve within the job. The mutual responsibilities between the temporary work agency and the client company risk to put the employee in danger since some responsibilities easily can be neglected by both parties. When it comes to what kind of factors that have a negative effect on the young adults and immigrant’s psychological health because of insecure work I found that the main factors were; high expectations, few social relations to other employees and to not be able to control their own work. The factor of an insecure future was also found to have a negative effect.

A busca por energias renováveis no setor de transportes fez com que os biocombustíveis se destacassem. No entanto, a preocupação com a sustentabilidade na produção dessas fontes alternativas motivou diversas iniciativas na proposição de critérios com o intuito de reduzir os impactos ambientais e garantir os benefícios desses biocombustíveis, principalmente relacionados à redução da emissão de gases de efeito estufa (GEE). Países como os Estados Unidos e membros da União Européia criaram legislação específica com a finalidade de direcionar esses critérios tanto para a produção interna, quanto para a importação dessas fontes de energia. A principal metodologia presente nessas legislações e utilizada na caracterização da cadeia dos biocombustíveis é a Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV). Este trabalho teve por objetivo comparar os resultados da Diretiva Européia para Energias Renováveis, para as emissões de GEE no ciclo de vida do etanol de cana-de-açúcar, com os estudos nacionais de maior relevância, a fim de verificar se há diferenças significativas entre eles. A partir desta análise, foi possível concluir que há diferenças entre os estudos, principalmente relacionadas à etapa agrícola, mas que, no entanto, foram pontuais, sendo balanceadas entre os processos e atingindo, em sua maioria, um resultado final semelhante de emissões de GEE entre eles. Neste trabalho também foram discutidas as incertezas existentes nos estudos de ACV do etanol de cana-de-açúcar, principalmente relacionadas às emissões pelo uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados e a mudança indireta do uso do solo. Além disso, a partir das contribuições de instituições brasileiras no estabelecimento de diretrizes para que o etanol fosse aceito como importante combustível na redução dos GEE, este trabalho apresentou a relevância em se discutir as normativas internacionais de sustentabilidade, para que os critérios não sejam considerados como mais uma barreira protecionista ao comércio de biocombustíveis. / The search for renewable energy to be used in the transportation sector emphasized the role of biofuels as an alternative to fossil fuels. However, concerns about the sustainability in the production of alternative sources stimulated several initiatives aiming to reduce environmental impacts and ensure the benefits of biofuels, mainly related to the reduction of greenhouse gases emission (GHGs). In order to address such question, countries such as United States and European Union members have designed specific legislation establishing social and environmental criteria for domestic production and imports of biofuels. The main methodology adopted in these laws and used to characterize the biofuels chain is the Life Cycle Assessment. Thus, this study aimed to compare the results on GHG emission of the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) in the lifecycle of sugar cane ethanol to most relevant studies developed within the country in order to verify differences between them. From the analysis, it was concluded that there were differences, mainly related to the agricultural phase, but they were specific, and balanced between the processes; resulting, in most cases, in quite similar final GHG emissions. In this work, it were also indicated the uncertainties in sugar cane ethanol LCA studies, mainly associated to emissions due the use of nitrogen fertilizer and indirect land use change. Furthermore, based on the contributions of Brazilian organizations in establishing guidelines for the acceptance of ethanol as an important fuel to GHG emissions reduction, this study showed the relevance of discussing international standards of sustainability, considered another protectionist barrier to biofuels trade.

Orientador: Maria Izabel Maretti Silveira Bueno / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T20:33:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_Lidianede_M.pdf: 4129293 bytes, checksum: dfd187be78cdfad4de2c7f489eff5300 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Esse trabalho representa uma inovação na área de química analítica, abordando novas potencialidades da técnica de fluorescência de raios-X e utilizando o espalhamento da radiação como medida analítica e a quimiometria para tratamento dos dados. As potencialidades dessa técnica para análise das substâncias restritas pela Diretiva Européia 2002/95/EC ¿ RoHS foram avaliadas a partir de estudos realizados com um equipamento de EDXRF, equipado com um tubo de ródio como fonte de raios-X. As amostras analisadas eram soluções contendo cinco diferentes elementos (cádmio, chumbo, mercúrio, bromo e cromo). Além de adequado, o método proposto mostrou-se bastante rápido, simples e eficaz, bem como não destrutivo e de baixo custo, com grande potencial de substituir de forma eficiente as três técnicas analíticas usadas tradicionalmente. Os modelos de calibração apresentaram bons coeficientes de regressão (> 0,99), baixos valores de erros de previsão para amostras externas (< 15%, exceto para especiação de cromo) e limites de detecção e quantificação abaixo dos limites de controle definidos pela norma. Com esse mesmo método também foi possível a especiação direta de cromo utilizando um aparelho de raios-X convencional, fato inédito na literatura científica. Nesse caso os modelos de calibração também apresentaram bons coeficientes de regressão (> 0,97) e baixos valores de erros de previsão para amostras externas (< 10%) / Abstract: This work represents an innovation in analytical chemistry, dealing with new potentialities of X-ray fluorescence technique and using X-ray scattering effects and chemometrics for processing the data. The potential of this technique to analyze the restricted substances by European Directive RoHS/2002/95/EC were evaluated from studies with an EDXRF equipment, fitted with a rhodium tube as an X-ray source. The samples evaluated were solutions containing five different elements (cadmium, lead, mercury, bromine and chromium). Besides appropriate, the proposed method proved to be very fast, simple and effective, as well as not destructive and of low cost, with great potential to efficiently replace the three analytical techniques used traditionally. The calibration models present high values of regression coefficients (> 0,99), low values of prediction errors for external samples (< 15%, except for speciation of chromium) and limits of detection and quantification below the RoHS control limits. With this same method, it was possible the direct speciation of chromium using a conventional X-ray apparatus, an unprecedented fact in the scientific literature. In this case, the calibration models also present high values of regression coefficients (> 0,97) and low values of prediction errors for external samples (< 10%) / Mestrado / Quimica Analitica / Mestre em Química

Este trabalho aborda os impactos da revolução tecnológica, sobretudo os causados pela rede mundial de computadores (mais precisamente a internet) que trouxeram alterações em antigos padrões, em especial no âmbito das relações de emprego. Nesse cenário, analisa-se não só a evolução histórica do direito do trabalho e da internet, mas também as fontes, as garantias geradoras da controvérsia (o poder diretivo e de propriedade X o direito à privacidade, intimidade e a inviolabilidade de correspondência), as ferramentas utilizadas, as formas e limites do monitoramento e por fim sua repercussão no âmbito juslaboral no Brasil e no mundo, com o escopo de apresentar medidas preventivas, pacificadoras e que harmonizem as garantias sociais outrora conquistadas. Trata-se, sem dúvida, de assunto polêmico, controvertido, ainda tratado de forma superficial pela doutrina, pouco enfrentado, da mesma forma, pelos Tribunais, ressalvando a relevância e o próprio caráter de novidade exigidos em pesquisas de pós-graduação como a presente. / This work approaches the impacts of the technological revolution, mainly the impacts caused by the worldwide computers network (here, the internet) that brought alterations in old patterns, especially in the employee-employer relationship. In this scenario, this work analyzes the historic evolution of the labor law and the internet, the sources and some principles which creates controversy (such as the employer\'s directive power and property right versus the rights to privacy, intimacy, and the non-violation of mail), the tools, the forms and limits of the control and, finally, its repercussion in the labor law in Brazil and in the world with the scope to present certain preventive and conciliatory procedures, that harmonize those social principles achieved a long time ago. This subject is certainly controversial and is still treated in a superficial way by the law thinkers, as well as, by the Courts. Thus, this work highlights the relevance and the innovative character required in a graduation research.

Criminal law issues related to Advance directives Abstract The aim of this thesis is to describe the recent institute of Advance directives in the Czech legal system and to analyze criminal law issues related with it's aplication. The focus is on medical workers which can get into jeopardy of criminal liability by respecting the Advance directives. Furthermore in this thesis are compared the legislations of Czech republic and the Australian state Queensland conserning Advance directives. Also, key rullings of Australian courts and other common law courts related to the aplicaton of Advance directives are described in this thesis. Descreption methods were aplied to describe each institute and terms close to it, analyzing methods to analyze liability of medical workers and comparative methods to compare the Czech and Queensland legislations. The thesis is divided into seven chapters and many subchapters. The first chapter is dedicated to the institute of Advance directives, to it's definition, history and to the legislations it is based in. The second chapter describes fundamental human rights related to Advance directives. These are the Right to Life, Right to dignity and the Right to self- determination. Every one of these rights is closely described and a subchapter deals with their collisions. The third...

in English This diploma thesis explores the ongoing reform of the prospectus regime in the European Union. On 30 November 2015, the European Commission presented a proposal for a new regulation, which is to replace the current so-called Prospectus Directive. The primary aim of this thesis is determine the shortcomings of the current prospectus regime and to critically analyze the proposal in order to determine, whether it addresses these shortcomings and whether it improves the prospectus regime in general. The thesis consists of three main parts: the first introduces the prospectus, its characteristics and current regulation in the EU; the second explores and analyses the proposal itself and makes conclusions on the proposed changes; the third and final part explores the topic of prospectus liability and conflict-of-law rules. Based on the conducted research I arrive at the conclusion that the biggest issues of the current prospectus regime are the high costs connect to the preparation of a prospectus, inflexible disclosure requirements for certain types of issuers, ineffective retail investor protection and diverging implementation of the Prospectus Directive across EU member states. While the European Commission's proposal addresses most of these shortcomings and certainly represents an...

Legal regulation of activities of insurance intermediaries This thesis is focused on an analysis of valid domestic legal regulation of activities of insurance intermediaries and an analysis of the newly adopted EU legislation and its possible impact on domestic legislation. Descriptive, analytic and comparative methods are used in order to achieve the object of this thesis. The first chapter of this thesis is devoted to acquainting the reader with the legal regulation of insurance, the description of insurance as a separate economic branch and to a short excursion into the history of insurance. In the remainder of the chapter I deal with the distribution channels of insurance products. A general introduction into the field of insurance should help the reader to understand the legal regulation of actions of insurance intermediaries. The second chapter is aimed at a description and analysis of the legal regulation of activities of insurance intermediaries currently in force. In the beginning of the chapter I briefly describe the functions of insurance intermediaries and further explain the interpretation of basic statutory definitions. The largest part of this chapter is dedicated to an analysis of the current system of categorization of insurance intermediaries and the conditions for the exercise...