The purpose of this study is to investigate how the eight largest political parties in Sweden have reacted to the social movement #Metoo. With theories regarding agenda setting and institutional change in mind, this study contributes with an approach on how political parties react to social movements and therefore how movements can gain political access. By using Josefina Erikson’s dynamic frame analysis to create analysis tools the study aims to investigate how the political parties have highlighted the movement through their description of the problem, cause of the problem, negative versus positive framing and suggestions to solve it. In addition to this, the analysis tools also include a comparison between the parties results regarding causes and solutions and the movement's own suggestions to causes and solutions, to identify if the movement have gained different results regarding its impact on different parties. By studying posts on the websites of each party, together with a debate regarding #Metoo, the studies highlights the differences in how parties frame #Metoo. The results show that there is a difference in the framing of #Metoo in the material between different parties, where right-wing parties are generally focusing less on the movement than left-wing parties and also have less propositions of solutions for #Metoo that are in agreement to the movements own solutions. It is also more common for left-wing parties to propose specific solutions to #Metoo in the institutional arena such as the debate, compared to right-wing parties. As a conclusion, this study helps us understand how different political parties in Sweden have given attention and framed #Metoo and possibly how they will frame other movements as well. Although according to previous research (e.g. Vliegenthart and Walgrave, 2010) the movements attention could also depend on what kind of question it raises and how this question is applicable to the party’s general politics.

La question de la mise en œuvre du marketing est une question centrale du champ du marketing, et c'est l'objet du concept d'orientation marché qui permet de caractériser la culture marketing d'une organisation, et mesurer son impact sur la performance. De nombreux travaux de recherche ont permis d'identifier les manifestations comportementales et culturelles de ce concept, mettant ainsi en évidence la co existence de plusieurs dimensions, définies comme des sous orientations tournées vers des acteurs centraux du marché (consommateurs, concurrents, distributeurs, prescripteurs), et d'autres intervenants de l'environnement de l'entreprise (parties prenantes). L'impact de l'orientation marché sur la performance de l'entreprise a également été largement étudié. Une dimension managériale étant souhaitée dans le construit d'orientation marché, un rôle central a été attribué à la coordination inter fonctionnelle, définie comme l'utilisation coordonnées des ressources de l'entreprise pour créer de la valeur ajoutée au client cible. La relation au marché n'est ainsi pas réservée au seul département marketing, et une bonne coordination au sein de l'organisation peut permettre une efficacité marketing collective. Il s'avère ainsi possible, et pertinent, de déterminer le degré d'orientation marché d'une organisation en identifiant les acteurs du marché qu'elle intègre dans sa vision stratégique et la coordination éventuellement mise en place en interne, et mesurer les effets de ce comportement organisationnel sur la performance. La montagne française est confrontée, depuis quelques années, à un problème clé, celle d'une fréquentation générale en baisse et surtout déséquilibrée entre l'hiver et l'été. Les stations de montagne, par l'intermédiaire des Offices de tourisme, réagissent, en utilisant les leviers marketing opérationnels qu'elles ont à leur disposition, à savoir la communication, la promotion, les offres groupées. Il semble par conséquent pertinent, sur un plan managérial, de chercher à comprendre comment les stations de montagne abordent la fonction marketing, comment elles la mettent en œuvre en hiver et en été, et en quoi cela influence ou pas la performance de la station, c'est-à-dire la fréquentation. La question de la mise en œuvre du marketing, au sein d'un territoire, peut par conséquent être légitimement posée, surtout dans le contexte particulier d'un territoire confronté à des enjeux économiques, telle qu'une station de montagne. L'objectif de la thèse est donc d'appliquer, et d'adapter, le concept d'orientation marché au contexte particulier des stations de montagne, et de voir quel impact peut avoir la culture marketing de son acteur central, à savoir l'Office de tourisme, sur la performance de la station, et ce en hiver et en été. Ce terrain d'application offre ainsi l'opportunité d'observer les effets de l'orientation marché sur les niveaux de performances dans le cadre d'une activité saisonnière. Notre objet de recherche est par conséquent la mise en évidence des composantes de l'orientation marché d'un acteur territorial qui coordonne une offre composite, l'Office de tourisme, la caractérisation des dimensions de la culture marketing de cet acteur et la vérification de l'applicabilité du concept d'orientation marché. Ce travail de recherche permet de répondre à l'interrogation suivante : le concept d'orientation marché est-il applicable à tout type d'organisation ? Il permet également d'enrichir la définition du concept d'orientation marché en explorant une dimension supplémentaire, l'orientation parties prenantes. / The implementation of the marketing concept is a central issue of the marketing field, and this is the purpose of the market orientation concept that characterizes the marketing culture of an organization, and measures its impact on performance. Many research studies have identified behavioral and cultural events of this concept, thus highlighting the co existence of multiple dimensions, defined as sub-facing orientations of the central market participants (consumers, competitors, distributors, specifiers ), and other corporate environmental stakeholders (stakeholders). The impact of market orientation on business performance has also been extensively studied. A managerial dimension being constructed in the desired market orientation, a central role was attributed to the interfunctional coordination, defined as the coordinated actions of company resources to create value added to the target client. The relationship to the market is thus not solely reserved for the marketing department, and coordination within the organization may allow a collective marketing effectiveness. It appears possible, and appropriate, to determine the degree of orientation of a market organization by identifying market players that fits into its strategic vision, and measure the effects this organizational behavior on performance. The French mountain faces, in recent years, a key issue, that of a general decline in attendance and especially unbalanced between winter and summer. The ski resorts, through the Tourism Offices, react, using operational marketing levers they have at their disposal, namely communication, promotion, bundling. It seems therefore appropriate, on a managerial level, to try to understand how the mountain resorts tackle the marketing function, how they implement it in winter and summer, and how that influence or not the performance of the station, that is to say, in attendance. The issue of implementation of marketing, in a territory can therefore legitimately be asked, especially in the particular context of a country facing economic challenges, such as a mountain resort. The aim of the thesis is to apply and adapt the concept of market orientation to the particular context of mountain resorts, and see what impact can the marketing culture of its central actor, namely tourist office on the performance of the station, in winter and summer. This application field offers the opportunity to observe the effects of market orientation on performance levels in the context of a seasonal activity. Our research object is therefore the identification of the components of market orientation of a territorial actor who coordinates a composite supply, the Tourist Office, and verification of the applicability of the market orientation concept. This research helps answer the following question: is the concept of market orientation applicable to any type of organization? It also enriches the definition of market orientation concept by exploring a new dimension, stakeholders orientation.

Há quase um consenso na literatura sobre partidos políticos de que a institucionalização de sistemas partidários desempenha papel importante em regimes democráticos. Alguns acadêmicos argumentam que este fenômeno também é condição necessária para a consolidação de novas democracias. Neste artigo, realizamos uma revisão da literatura sobre institucionalização dos sistemas partidários e apontamos alguns dos seus principais alcances e limites. Num segundo momento, aplicamos duas das variáveis mais utilizadas para medir a institucionalização de sistemas partidários sobre o caso paraguaio – o nível de volatilidade e o nível de enraizamento dos partidos na sociedade. A seleção deste caso será útil para ilustrar alguns limites do modelo. Dentre os quais, destacamos: 1) a carência de indicadores operacionalizáveis congruentes com a teoria; 2) a associação de alto nível de institucionalização com melhor qualidade democrática; 3) a ideia subjacente de que o modelo de partidos de massa ainda é o melhor para regimes democráticos contemporâneos. / In the literature about political parties there is almost a broad consensus that the institutionalization of political parties plays an important role in democratic regimes. In addition, political scientists argue that such phenomenon is also an essential element of the democratic consolidation process. In this article, we will first review the literature about party system institutionalization and point out its flaws. Then, we will apply to the Paraguayan case two of the most popular variables in order to measure its political party institutionalization: the index of electoral volatility and the level of “roots in society” of political parties. The selection of the Paraguayan case will be useful to illustrate limitations of the model, such as: 1) the lack of empirical indicators congruent with the theory; 2) the association between high level of institutionalization and democratic quality; 3) the general idea that the mass party model is still the best party model to contemporary democracies.

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Prior research has shown that the parties in the Swedish Riksdag demonstrate differences in party-culture, constituted by collective self-images and norms. The aim of this study is to investigate if politicians in the Swedish municipalities, from seven different parties, express the same party-culture as their counterparts in the Riksdag previously have. In addition, the study seeks to find out if adherence to the respective party-cultures have implications for the selection of politicians to top positions. Three themes of party-culture is studied, namely political ability, feelings of political responsibility and the party’s strength in relation to individual party members. The themes are investigated by studying a selection of data from the survey KOLFU 2012, which was addressed to all politicians in Sweden’s municipal and county councils. These data were studied mainly through regression analysis. The results demonstrate that there appears to be accordance between the party-cultures on the municipal level and the national level in several respects, but that adherence to party-culture does not generally matter for political selection to top positions.

Nessa pesquisa OS CHIFRES ENTRE A CRUZ E A ESPADA: um estudo das festas de touros (XV-XVI) na Espanha, buscamos identificar como se deu essa emergência de um discurso de controle régio e clerical sob as chamadas festas de touros nos séculos XV e XVI – sendo aquilo que chamamos de “os chifres entre a cruz e a espada” justamente essa leitura das festas taurinas que legitimaram e deram vasão a essa construção das festas mais austeras e em conformidade com as doutrinas e dogmas cristãos, naquilo que denominamos de discurso de ordenança festiva. Para isso, analisamos uma gama de documentos, entre uma Crônica (Crónica del Condestable de Castilla Don Lucas de Iranzo), um Tratado (Tratado do Jogo), Bula (Salute Gregis Dominici) e o prólogo de um Cancioneiro (Cancionero de Juan Alfonso de Baena) na tentativa de construir e identificar nessa tipologia diversa de documentos, as várias maneiras utilizadas para compor o discurso de ordenança festiva. Observáveis em três frentes de análise – o discurso clerical, o discurso clerical percebido e praticado ou não pela nobreza e o discurso espacial/heterotopológico (sendo esse último, de suma importância, e tendo sido analisado partindo do conceito foucaultiano de heterotopia e as várias possibilidades que ele pode representar na análise dos mais diversos espaços). Também, perseguimos ao longo da pesquisa um tema que apesar de já há muito debatido mostrou que ainda encontra terreno fértil para novos debates historiográficos, as festas em si – analisadas partindo da proposta da festa como questão e como discurso. / In this research HORNS BETWEEN THE CROSS AND THE SWORD : a study of the bulls parties (XV- XVI) in Spain, we seek to identify how was this emergence of a regal control speech and clerical specifically under the so-called bulls parties in the XV and XVI - being what we call " the horns between a rock and a hard place " just this reading of bullfighting festivals that legitimized and gave arterial runoff to that construction of the austere celebrations and they were in accordance with the Christian doctrines and dogmas , what We call the ordinance festive speech and gave way to this construction of more austere celebrations that were in accordance with the Christian doctrines and dogmas, in what we call the festive ordinance speech. In order to do so, we analyzed a range of documents, from a chronicle (Crónica del Condestable de Castilla Don Lucas Iranzo), a treaty (Tratado del Juego), a bula (Salute Gregis Dominici) and the prologue of a songbook (Cancionero de Juan Alfonso de Baena) in an attempt to identify and construct in this different typology the various ways used to compose the festive ordinance speech. Observable in three fronts of analysis - the clerical speech, the clerical speech perceived and practiced (or not) by the nobility and the space/heterotopological speech (the latter, of paramount importance, has been analyzed with Foucault's concept of heterotopia and the various possibilities that it can represent in the analysis of the most diverse spaces as a starting point). We also seek throughout the research a theme that, although it has been discussed many times before, still shows that there is fertile ground for new historiographical debates: the parties themselves – analyzed from the premises of parties as problem and as speech.

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Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-06T12:25:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PABLO THIAGO CORREIA DE MOURA -TESE (PPGCS) 2016.pdf: 2000892 bytes, checksum: 5a269783fd2450ddd48d836e52628492 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T12:25:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PABLO THIAGO CORREIA DE MOURA -TESE (PPGCS) 2016.pdf: 2000892 bytes, checksum: 5a269783fd2450ddd48d836e52628492 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-26 / No início do Século XXI, algumas das principais democracias políticas sul-americanas foram governadas por partidos políticos cuja origem política é na esquerda, de viés nacional-popular. Dentre elas, destacamos a Argentina, com os governos de Néstor e Cristina Kirchner. Ante essa atuação pragmática e institucionalista, uma esquerda classista e revolucionária, alicerçada nas bases marxista-trotskistas do socialismo e do comunismo, atua opondo-se, no campo das esquerdas, a esse governismo. Em uma conjuntura em que um processo de ruptura revolucionária não parece se apresentar em médio e em curto prazos, nesse cenário, como esses partidos atuam em relação governos kirchneristas? Trabalhamos com a hipótese de que a arena eleitoral funcionou como subsidiária para as lutas extrainstitucionais, especialmente em âmbito sindical. O objetivo geral foi de compreender as ações – táticas e estratégicas – da esquerda trotskista argentina (socialista e revolucionária) no cenário atual de governos kirchneristas, a partir da análise das experiências dos partidos trotskistas argentinos (PTS, PO e IS). Na análise, contemplamos o referencial teórico marxista-trotskista para caracterizar e identificar a formação, a organização e as ações dos partidos políticos PTS, PO e IS, que comungam com semelhante pensamento político. E para analisar a conjuntura da Argentina kichnerista, recorremos às categorias analíticas trotskistas: revolução permanente, desenvolvimento desigual e combinado e ao programa de transição, que serviram para entender a atuação desses partidos à luz da teoria política que os guia, especialmente na caracterização do seu principal adversário político, o que nos possibilitou compreender as tarefas a desempenhar no confronto político com o governo, vislumbrando um horizonte maior da luta de classes. Privilegiamos a utilização de fontes argentinas para elaborar esta pesquisa, tais como: documentos dos supramencionados partidos, livros, artigos e periódicos produzidos na Argentina, assim como dados obtidos em Institutos de Economia e Política. Os resultados obtidos na pesquisa apresentaram, no campo sindical, dois projetos distintos: o sindicalismo burocrático (kirchnerista) e o sindicalismo de base (dos partidos trotskistas), que disputam as comissões internas de fábricas e repartições (locais de trabalho); no campo eleitoral, procuram desenvolver uma oposição operária, classista e socialista ao governo e apontam a saída anticapitalista como a única possível para os trabalhadores e as massas, com destaque para sua independência política. / In the beginning of the XXI century, some of the major South American political democracies are governed by political parties, which have their political origin in the left wing and center-left wing with national-popular tendency; among these we highlight Argentina with the governments of Néstor and Cristina Kirchner. Face of this pragmatic action and institutionalist, a class left and revolutionary, based on Marxist socialism and communism bases acts opposing in the left field this government. In a conjuncture which a revolutionary rupture process does not seem to present the short and medium term, in this scenario, as these parties act opposite the Kirchnerist governments. We hypothesized that the electoral arena operates as a subsidiary for extrainstitucionais struggles, especially in trade union level. The overall objective was to understand the actions - tactical and strategic - the Argentine Trotskyist left (socialist and revolutionary) in the current scenario of Kirchneristas governments, from the experience of the analysis of the Argentine Trotskyist parties (PTS, PO and IS). In the analysis we contemplate the Marxist-Trotskyist theoretical framework for the characterization and identification of training, organization, actions of political parties PTS, PO and IS which share similar political thought, as well as the situation analysis of Argentina Kirchner, whose which we use the Trotskyists analytical categories: permanent revolution, uneven and combined development and transition program, these served to understand the role of these parties the light of political theory that guides them, especially in the characterization of his main political opponent, making it possible to understand the tasks to be performed in the political confrontation with the government envisioning a larger horizon of the class struggle. The focus is the use of Argentine sources for construction of this research, such as: documentos dos supramencionados partidos, livros, artigos e periódicos produzidos na Argentina, assim como dados obtidos em institutos de economia e política. The results obtained in the research presented in the trade union field two different projects: bureaucratic unionism (Kirchner) and base unionism (of Trotskyist parties) competing for the internal commissions of factories and offices (workplaces) in the electoral field try to develop a working opposition, classist and socialist to the government, putting out anti-capitalist as the only possible for the workers and the masses, highlighting its political independence.