The subject of this thesis is the Swedish animal welfare movement, its origin and early development 1875-1920. The first national Swedish animal welfare society was formed in Stockholm 1875. It was soon followed by other associations for the protection of animals. The animal welfare movement grew rapidly in Sweden. Not until towards the 1920s did the membership decline. The material studied in this thesis consists of a broad variety of documents from the animal welfare societies, such as journals and books as well as children's stories and parliamentary publications. The aim is to study both the origins and early development in Sweden of societies for the protection of animals, wild and domestic, during the decades around the turn of the century. The Swedish debates on animal welfare laws are of interest as well as discussions about vivisection and slaughter. The aim is to provide a wider analysis by taking various ideas and groups of people, such as veterinarians, schoolteachers and women into account.

Thesis (M.S.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Chemical Engineering. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

published_or_final_version / Politics and Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

Animal slaughter has recently become highly visible in popular food media. This thesis interrogates the myths, assumptions and ideologies underlying this so-called New Carnivore movement, through critical analysis of a range of popular gastronomic texts. Socially-constructed ideas about ‘reality’, ‘sentimentality’, ‘sacrifice’, and ‘redemption’ are intimately implicated in the process of animal slaughter, as are the notions of ‘good taste’ and social distinction. The domination of animals, demonstrated through the slaughter, butchery, and consumption of nonhuman bodies, is held to be an integral component in the performance of gender, as well as a means of reconnecting, via a kind of secular epiphany, with ‘Nature’ at its most authentic. As a hostile backlash against the social progress made by the animal advocacy and vegetarian movements, New Carnivorism denigrates vegetarianism and veganism as outdated, unfashionable, unnatural, puritanical and rude. Although these texts’ potential to inspire farmed animal welfare reform should not be ignored, New Carnivorism ultimately serves to naturalize, justify and promote the continued consumption of meat, and the continued exploitation of nonhuman animals, in Western societies.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1998. / Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 190-214).

Thesis (M.S.)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2007. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Gary W. Brester. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-120).

Στην παρούσα εργασία επιχειρείται η περιγραφή ενός εθίμου μιας αγροτικής κοινότητας της Ηλείας, των Μακρισίων. Πρόκειται για τα χοιροσφάγια, έθιμο ενταγμένο στον εθιμικό κύκλο της αποκριάς στη συγκεκριμένη κοινότητα. Παράλληλα επιδιώκεται η ανίχνευση της παιδαγωγικής διάστασης που αυτό ενέχει, καθώς αξιολογείται ως σημαντικό γεγονός της πολιτιστικής και κοινωνικής ζωής των κατοίκων. Αρχικά παρουσιάζεται το θεωρητικό και μεθοδολογικό πλαίσιο της έρευνας. Δίνονται οι βασικές αρχές και η θεωρία της κοινωνικής και πολιτισμικής ανθρωπολογίας. Αναζητούνται τα χαρακτηριστικά εκείνα της ανθρώπινης συμπεριφοράς που την εντάσσουν στο πολιτισμικό κεφάλαιο μιας κοινωνικής ομάδας. Καθώς επελέγη η εθνογραφική μέθοδος, ως η πιο κατάλληλη για τη μελέτη μιας κοινωνικής σκηνής στα πλαίσια μιας συλλογικής και διαχρονικής πολιτισμικής εκδήλωσης, περιγράφονται οι βασικές αρχές και τα μεθοδολογικά εργαλεία που αυτή χρησιμοποιεί. Στη συνέχεια γίνεται προσπάθεια καταγραφής κάποιων διαχρονικών πτυχών του εθίμου όπως αυτό παρουσιάζεται στη βιβλιογραφία. Ανιχνεύονται οι γεωγραφικές και πολιτισμικές ιδιαιτερότητες, στη συγχρονία και τη διαχρονία, που καταδεικνύουν την πολυμορφία και την πολυσημία του. Ακολουθεί η περιγραφή του εθίμου, όπως αυτό καταγράφηκε στη συγκεκριμένη κοινότητα. Παρουσιάζονται τα εθνογραφικά δεδομένα που προήλθαν από επιτόπια έρευνα με συμμετοχική παρατήρηση και άτυπες συνεντεύξεις. Η ανάλυση των δεδομένων της έρευνας επικεντρώνεται στον παιδαγωγικό χαρακτήρα του εθίμου. Αναλύονται ο σκοπός, οι παιδαγωγικές πρακτικές, και οι παιδαγωγικοί στόχοι που κατατείνουν να δώσουν χαρακτηριστικά παιδαγωγικής δράσης σε μια εθιμική πολιτισμική δραστηριότητα. / The present paper attempts the description of a custom of an agricultural community of Ilia Prefecture, Makrisia. Specifically, it is about pig slaughter, a custom that forms part of the carnival customary practices, which take place in the aforementioned community. At the same time, it pursues the investigation of its pedagogical dimension, since it is considered an important event of the cultural as well as social life of the residents. Firstly, the theoretical as well as the methodological framework of the investigation are presented. The basic principles and the theory of the social and cultural anthropology are set out and the specific characteristics of the human behavior, which integrate the latter into the cultural background of a social group, are sought. Since it is the ethnographic method that was selected, as the most appropriate one for the study of a social setting in terms of a collective and classical cultural event, the basic principles and the methodological tools that it implements are described. Then, it is the effort to record some classical aspects of the custom, as the latter is presented in the bibliography, which takes place. Its geographical and cultural features, in synchrony as well as in diachrony, which demonstrate the polymorphy and the polysemy of the custom, are investigated. Afterwards, there is the description of the custom as it has been recorded in the specific community and the ethnographic data that derived from an on-the-spot investigation, which involved participative observation and informal interviews, are also cited. The analysis of the data of the investigation focuses on the pedagogical character of the custom. The purpose, the pedagogical practices, as well as the pedagogical goals that tend to offer a customary, cultural activity characteristics of pedagogical effect, are hereby analyzed.

Os abatedouros e frigoríficos caracterizam-se por agroindústrias potencialmente poluidoras devido a carga orgânica componente dos efluentes líquidos e resíduos sólidos gerados em seu processo. Para a minimização do impacto ambiental gerado por estes empreendimentos faz-se necessária a implementação de processos de tratamento que possibilitem a redução da carga orgânica, a transformação de resíduos em produtos de valor agregado e o aproveitamento energético. A implementação de biodigestores para o tratamento dos resíduos sólidos e efluentes líquidos gerados nos frigoríficos de suínos é uma opção interessante, haja visto o processo de digestão anaeróbia que compõe o sistema e os benefícios possíveis com sua aplicação. Neste intuito, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação de um digestor anaeróbio de fluxo contínuo, em escala real, utilizado para o tratamento dos resíduos sólidos e efluentes líquidos oriundos do processo. Para isto procedeu-se a caracterização físico-química dos substratos de alimentação do biodigestor bem como do afluente e efluente do sistema, além da realização de análises com o intuito de avaliar as características do biofertilizante e do biogás originados no processo. Os resultados demonstraram que o substrato de alimentação do biodigestor é composto por diversas origens e, cada qual, possui características físico- químicas específicas e diferenciadas porém, quando unificadas, propiciam o desenvolvimento de um ambiente suscetível ao desempenho da digestão anaeróbia. Avaliando a eficiência do sistema em geral, considerando os valores obtidos nas análises do afluente e efluente do mesmo, observou-se que alguns parâmetros apresentam eficiência enquanto, outros, resultaram em aumento de concentração. Este fato pode ter sido desencadeado por fatores externos ao sistema. Quanto ao biofertilizante oriundo do biodigestor, foi caracterizado como resíduo sólido não inerte sendo possível, com algumas restrições, a sua aplicação em solo. O biogás, por sua vez, apresentou concentrações interessantes de metano, sendo, portanto, passível de utilização em diversos processos industriais. / Slaughterhouses are potentially polluting agricultural industries due to the organic load present in the wastewater and solid waste generated in the process. To minimize the environmental impact generated by this type of activity, it is necessary to provide a treatment processes that enables the reduction of the organic matter present in slaughterhouse waste, transforms waste into value-added products and exploits energy use efficiently. The implementation of biodigesters to treat solid waste and wastewater generated in slaughterhouses is an interesting option, given the anaerobic digestion process that makes up the system and the possible benefits it provides. Therefore, the present study evaluated the efficiency of an anaerobic continuous flow digester, in real scale, used for the treatment of solid waste and liquid effluents from the process. In order to do so, physicochemical characterization of the digester feed substrates, as well as, characterization of the influent and effluent of the system were performed. In addition, analyzes were executed to evaluate the characteristics of the bio-fertilizer and biogas originating in the process. The results showed that the digester feed substrate is composed of various origins and, each has a specific and distinct physicochemical characteristic, but when these different characteristics are combined they favor the development of an environment prone to the performance of the anaerobic digestion. By assessing the overall system efficiency, while considering the values obtained for the influent and effluent analysis, some parameters were considered efficient, whereas others result in the increase of concentration. This may have been triggered by factors which are external to the system. The bio-fertilizer originating from the digester was characterized as non-inert solid waste, which might require certain restrictions in its application in soil. Biogas, in turn, presented interesting methane concentration and is therefore likely to be used in various industrial processes.

Orientador: Roberto de Oliveira Roça / Resumo: Apesar da elevada tecnificação dos frigoríficos, ainda são constatados prejuízos no rendimento e qualidade do produto final decorrentes de falhas durante o transporte de frangos de corte. Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar perdas provenientes durante o transporte de frangos entre um frigorífico brasileiro e um inglês, através da mensuração da mortalidade de chegada e contusões parciais correlacionando-as com diferentes distâncias granja-abatedouro, assim como com a sazonalidade. Para avaliar o estresse dos animais, foram mensurados níveis de corticosterona relacionados com as diferentes distâncias. Dados de mortalidades de chegada brasileiros foram mais de 600% superiores quando comparados aos ingleses. Durante o verão, observaram-se maiores índices de mortalidade no estabelecimento brasileiro, enquanto o mesmo foi observado durante o inverno no estabelecimento inglês. No Brasil, a mortalidade de chegada foi influenciada pela distância granja-abatedouro no verão, enquanto no estabelecimento inglês foi mais proeminente nas maiores distâncias durante o inverno. Na Inglaterra, contusões parciais permaneceram constantes, independente das distâncias granjaabatedouro, por outro lado, quando avaliada a sazonalidade, as contusões foram superiores no inverno. Taxas de contusões parciais brasileiras foram mais de 1700% superiores quando comparadas às inglesas, e na distância longa foram observados os maiores índices de contusões. Avaliando-se níveis de corticosterona, dados brasileiros ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Doutor

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar pelo método de abate comparativo as exigências líquidas em proteína e energia para crescimento de cabritas Saanen com peso corporal variando dos 30 aos 45 kg. Para tal, foram utilizados 30 animais, dos quais seis animais foram abatidos no início do experimento para a estimativa da composição corporal inicial, outros seis animais foram abatidos quando atingiram peso médio de 38 kg e, foram utilizados para a estimativa da composição corporal intermediária. Os demais animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em seis grupos de três animais, sendo um animal por nível de restrição alimentar (0% de restrição ou alimentação à vontade, 30 e 60% de restrição). Cada grupo foi considerado como bloco e, os animais de cada grupo foram abatidos quando o animal do nível de 0% de restrição atingiu 45 kg de PC. Os animais alimentados à vontade (abate inicial, intermediário e 0% de restrição) foram utilizados para a estimativa da composição corporal e da composição do ganho. Para a estimativa das exigências de mantença foram utilizados os animais submetidos aos tratamentos 0, 30 e 60% restrição. A exigência líquida em proteína e energia para mantença foi estimada em 2,12 g PLm/kg0,75 PC/dia e 88,74 kcal/kg0,75PC/dia, respectivamente. A exigência líquida em proteína e energia para ganho em peso variou entre 11,47 e 10,81 g/ 100 g de ganho de peso corporal e entre 357 e 485 kcal/ 100 g de ganho de peso corporal. A exigência líquida em proteína e energia total para crescimento de cabritas Saanen pode ser estimada pelos respectivos modelos, PLt= (2,5 * PCV0,75) + (197,01 * PCV-0,12 * GP) variando 40,52 a 52,41 g/100 g de ganho/dia e, ELt= (104,71 * PCV0,75) + (639,99 * PCV0,59 * GP) variando de 1577,36 a 2229,29 kcal/100 g de ganho/dia à medida que o peso corporal dos animais aumentou de 30 para 45 kg / Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine by the comparative slaughter the protein and energy requirements for growth of female Saanen goat kids. A total of 30 female goats with initial body weight of 30 kg were used, in which six animals were slaughtered at beginning of the experiment (baseline animals), another six animals were slaughtered when they reached 38 kg of body weight (intermediate slaughter). The remainder was randomly allocated randomly in six groups of three animals (0% of feed restriction or ad libitum and restricted to 30 or 60% of thread libitum intake) and each group was considered a block. .The animals of each group were slaughtered when the animal in the 0% feed restriction reached 45 kg of body weight. Animals fed ad libitum (initial, intermediate and final slaughter, 0% of feed restriction) were used to estimate body composition and net requirements for gain. To estimate maintenance requirements were used the animals fed 0, 30 and 60% of feed restriction. Net protein and energy requirements for maintenance were 2,12 g of net protein/kg0,75 BW/day e 88,74 kcal/kg0,75BW/day, respectively. Net protein and energy requirements for gain ranged from 11,47 to 10,81 g/ 100 g of body weight gain and 357 to 485 kcal/100 g of body weight gain, respectively. The total net protein and energy requirement were estimated by the followed models, Total net protein = (2,5 * PCV0 75) + (197,01 * EBW-0,12 * BWG), which ranged from 40,52 to 52,41 g/100 g of body weight gain/day, and Total net energy = (104,71 * PCV0 75) + (639,99 * EBW0,59 * BWG), which ranged from 1577,36 to 2229,20 kcal/100 g of body weight gain/day, as the animals' body weight increased from 30 to 45 kg / Orientador: Izabelle Auxiliadora Molina Almeida Teixeira / Coorientador: Telma Teresinha Berchielli / Banca: Kleber Tomas de Resende / Banca: Mario Luiz Chizzoti / Mestre