Reliable price data for fat cattle in utah are becoming difficult to obtain because fewer and fewer slaughter cattle go through market channels where live cattle prices are reported. The objectives of this study were to determine how correlated Utah fat cattle prices are with the California dressed meat market for cattle and formulate an equation or equations enabling reliable price predictions to be made for the Utah slaughter cattle market. Utah choice and good steer prices (both direct and auction) were compared to the San Francisco wholesale meat market prices. Utah choice steer, good steer and choice heifer prices (both direct and auction) were compared with the Los Angeles wholesale meat market prices. All price comparisons were highly correlated except Utah good steer prices and Los Angeles dressed meat market prices, A regression analysis not only gave the correlation coefficients but was also used to determine any time lags between the Utah slaughter cattle market and the California dressed meat market for cattle. Price changes in the Utah slaughter cattle market are preceded by at least one weeks change in the California dressed meat market for all classifications and grades of slaughter cattle used in this study. A mathematical model was formulated which equated utah fat cattle prices with the California dressed meat market prices. This model as well as statistical model obtained from the regression analysis if used with the time lags predict Utah fat cattle prices very satisfactorily.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1992.

My thesis addresses gradeation of pig races and how this gradeation influences final hybrids interaction of genotyps and enviroment.. During testing is being watched slaughter weight, weight of the right side at cold, slaughter lenght torso , height of the ridge fat and the area m.l.l.t..

Objective of this thesis is prove the testing station of chosen combinations the final hybrids, with regard to interaction of genotype and enviroment.During testing is being watched slaughter weight, weight of the right side at hot, slaughter lenght torso, height of the ridge fat.

Les silences d’une œuvre musico-littéraire telle que Coming Through Slaughter participent à l’esthétique jazzistique du roman tout en représentant un défi de taille pour les traducteurs vers le français. Cette thèse a pour objet l’étude du traitement, par les deux traducteurs du roman ondaatjien, d’une part des silences rythmiques qui fragmentent le texte pour lui conférer une mélodie et un rythme textuels et, d’autre part, des silences sémantiques au service de l’esthétique jazzistique qui, au moyen de la parataxe, de l’ellipse et du gérondif, figurent textuellement, non seulement le jazz, mais aussi un de ses pères, le célèbre cornettiste Charles « Buddy » Bolden. En usant d’un métalangage musical pour décrire les stratégies traductives des deux traducteurs francophones du premier roman ondaatjien, Robert Paquin, d’abord, au Québec, en 1987, puis Michel Lederer, en France, en 1999, cette analyse examinera le rapport entretenu par l’interprétation herméneutique des deux professionnels avec leur interprétation musicale du texte. Ce faisant, l’objectif sera de démontrer les propriétés performatives de l’acte traductif lorsque le texte traduit se rattache aux œuvres musico-littéraires en général et aux romans jazzistiques en particulier. / Silences of such a musico-literary work as Coming Through Slaughter contribute to the jazzistic aesthetics of the novel while representing quite a challenge for the French translators. This thesis aims at studying how the two translators of the Ondaatjian novel dealt on one hand with the rhythmical silences which fragment the text and create its melody and its rhythm and, on the other hand, with the semantic silences of the text, part of its jazzistic aesthetics which by use of parataxis, ellipsis and gerund, recreate on a textual level, not only jazz, but also one of his fathers, famous cornet player Charles “Buddy” Bolden. By using a musical metalanguage in order to describe the translation strategies that both Francophone translators of the first Ondaatjian novel, Robert Paquin, in Québec, in 1987, and then Michel Lederer, in France, in 1999, used, this analysis will look at the relationship between the two professionals’ hermeneutic interpretation and their musical interpretation (in a performative sense) of the text. In so doing, the objective will consist in proving the performative characteristics of the translation act when the translated text belongs to musico-literary works in general and to jazzistic novels in particular.

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-01-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:22:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 jorge_ps_dr_jabo.pdf: 424825 bytes, checksum: 7845c567c638af1ed6c619c35282359a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O trabalho foi realizado entre janeiro e dezembro de 2006, em um frigorífico localizado na cidade de Rancharia, Estado de São Paulo, cuja capacidade de abate era de 70 mil aves/dia, dos três segmentos (postura, matrizes e frango), mas com 70% de prioridade para descarte de postura, com Serviço de Inspeção Federal e habilitado como exportador pelo MAPA (Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento). Foram avaliados os procedimentos pré-abate relacionados à distância de transporte, tempo de transporte, tempo de espera, tempo de engradamento, densidade relativa de cada caminhão, incidência de mortalidade (DOA), incidência de contusões, perfil e freqüência da ocorrência de alterações sanitárias durante o abate e aspectos da qualidade da carne e fígado de aves abatidas e mortas (peito, sobrecoxa e fígado). Para os diferentes propósitos, foram monitoradas 992.036 aves. Para a avaliação de mortalidade no transporte foram avaliados 87 veículos, sendo 64 caminhões para postura, 7 para matrizes e 16 para frango. Cada um carregava três fileiras com 18 engradados na horizontal, com um espaço entre essas para ventilação, e 8 a 9 engradados na vertical, totalizando de 432 a 486 caixas plásticas. A carga perfazia, em média, 6.804 aves para postura¬com 12 a 16 por caixa (média 13,7 :t 1,3), 2.916 para matrizes - com 6 a 7 aves por caixa (média de 6,9 :t 0,4), e 4.860 para frango - com 10 a 14 por caixa (média de 12 :t 2). O peso médio de cada ave, respectivamente para cada segmento, foi de 1,58 :t O,15kg com mínimo de 1,15 e máximo de 1,96kg; de 3,84 :I: O,33kg, com mínimo de 3,18 e máximo de 4,24kg; e de 1,74 :I: O,35kg, com mínimo de 1,47 e máximo de 2,40kg. Exceção feita ao segmento de frangos procedentes de perto, cuja mortalidade foi de 0,40%, todas as demais se mostraram elevadas, denunciando problemas de inadequação de pré-abate... / This work was carried through between January and December of 2006, in one poultry slaughterhouse located in the county of Rancharia, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, whose capacity was of a 70,000 birds/day, for the three segments (egg poultry, matrices and broilers), but with 70% of priority for position discarding chickens, with Federal Service Inspection and qualified as exporting for the MAPA (Ministry of Agriculture, Cattle and Supplying). The procedures had been evaluated daily pre-slaughter at a distance related of transport, time of transport, open assembly time, total time in birdcages, relative density of each truck, incidence of mortality (DOA), incidence of bruises, profile and frequency of the occurrence of sanitary alterations during its post-mortem inspection and aspects of the quality of the meat and liver of abated birds and deceased (chest, leg and liver). For the different intentions, 992,036 birds had been monitored. For the evaluation of mortality in the transport 87 vehicles had been evaluated, being 64 trucks for position, 7 for matrices and 16 for chicken. Each one loaded three rows with 18 crates in the horizontal line, with a space it enters these for ventilation, and 8 to 9 crates in the vertical line, totalizing 432 to 486 plastic boxes. The load was, in average, 6,804 birds for position - with 12 to 16 for box (average 13.7:t 1.3), 2,916 for matrices - with 6 to 7 birds for box (average of 6.9 :t 0.4), and 4,860 for broilers - with 10 to 14 for box (average of 12 :t 2). The average weight of each bird, respectively for each segment, was of 1.58 :t 0,15kg with minimum of 1,15 and maximum one of 1,96kg; of 3,84 :t 0.33kg, with minimum of 3.18 and maximum of 4.24kg; and 1.74 :t 0.35kg, with maximum minimum of 1.47 and of 2.40kg. Exception to the segment of broilers originating Glose, whose mortality was of 0.40%, ali others revealed excessively high... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Luiz Francisco Prata / Banca: Rodolfo Cláudio Spers / Banca: Marie Oshiiwa / Banca: Maria da Gloria Buzinaro / Banca: Adolorata Aparecida Bianco Carvalho / Resumo: O trabalho foi realizado entre janeiro e dezembro de 2006, em um frigorífico localizado na cidade de Rancharia, Estado de São Paulo, cuja capacidade de abate era de 70 mil aves/dia, dos três segmentos (postura, matrizes e frango), mas com 70% de prioridade para descarte de postura, com Serviço de Inspeção Federal e habilitado como exportador pelo MAPA (Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento). Foram avaliados os procedimentos pré-abate relacionados à distância de transporte, tempo de transporte, tempo de espera, tempo de engradamento, densidade relativa de cada caminhão, incidência de mortalidade (DOA), incidência de contusões, perfil e freqüência da ocorrência de alterações sanitárias durante o abate e aspectos da qualidade da carne e fígado de aves abatidas e mortas (peito, sobrecoxa e fígado). Para os diferentes propósitos, foram monitoradas 992.036 aves. Para a avaliação de mortalidade no transporte foram avaliados 87 veículos, sendo 64 caminhões para postura, 7 para matrizes e 16 para frango. Cada um carregava três fileiras com 18 engradados na horizontal, com um espaço entre essas para ventilação, e 8 a 9 engradados na vertical, totalizando de 432 a 486 caixas plásticas. A carga perfazia, em média, 6.804 aves para postura¬com 12 a 16 por caixa (média 13,7 :t 1,3), 2.916 para matrizes - com 6 a 7 aves por caixa (média de 6,9 :t 0,4), e 4.860 para frango - com 10 a 14 por caixa (média de 12 :t 2). O peso médio de cada ave, respectivamente para cada segmento, foi de 1,58 :t O,15kg com mínimo de 1,15 e máximo de 1,96kg; de 3,84 :I: O,33kg, com mínimo de 3,18 e máximo de 4,24kg; e de 1,74 :I: O,35kg, com mínimo de 1,47 e máximo de 2,40kg. Exceção feita ao segmento de frangos procedentes de perto, cuja mortalidade foi de 0,40%, todas as demais se mostraram elevadas, denunciando problemas de inadequação de pré-abate... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work was carried through between January and December of 2006, in one poultry slaughterhouse located in the county of Rancharia, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, whose capacity was of a 70,000 birds/day, for the three segments (egg poultry, matrices and broilers), but with 70% of priority for position discarding chickens, with Federal Service Inspection and qualified as exporting for the MAPA (Ministry of Agriculture, Cattle and Supplying). The procedures had been evaluated daily pre-slaughter at a distance related of transport, time of transport, open assembly time, total time in birdcages, relative density of each truck, incidence of mortality (DOA), incidence of bruises, profile and frequency of the occurrence of sanitary alterations during its post-mortem inspection and aspects of the quality of the meat and liver of abated birds and deceased (chest, leg and liver). For the different intentions, 992,036 birds had been monitored. For the evaluation of mortality in the transport 87 vehicles had been evaluated, being 64 trucks for position, 7 for matrices and 16 for chicken. Each one loaded three rows with 18 crates in the horizontal line, with a space it enters these for ventilation, and 8 to 9 crates in the vertical line, totalizing 432 to 486 plastic boxes. The load was, in average, 6,804 birds for position - with 12 to 16 for box (average 13.7:t 1.3), 2,916 for matrices - with 6 to 7 birds for box (average of 6.9 :t 0.4), and 4,860 for broilers - with 10 to 14 for box (average of 12 :t 2). The average weight of each bird, respectively for each segment, was of 1.58 :t 0,15kg with minimum of 1,15 and maximum one of 1,96kg; of 3,84 :t 0.33kg, with minimum of 3.18 and maximum of 4.24kg; and 1.74 :t 0.35kg, with maximum minimum of 1.47 and of 2.40kg. Exception to the segment of broilers originating Glose, whose mortality was of 0.40%, ali others revealed excessively high... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this study, the effects of energy content of the feedlot diet as well as the length of the production period were investigated for Boer goat slaughter kids. The kids were housed in individual pens on the Elsenburg experimental farm, Western Cape, South Africa. Boer goat castrate kids were weaned at approximately 18 weeks of age (weighing 22.2 ± 3.5 kg) and were randomly allocated to one of three trial diets that varied in energy content; namely a low, medium and high energy diet (11.3, 12.0 and 12.7 MJ ME/ kg feed respectively) which were supplied ad libitum. The goats were further randomly allocated to one of five slaughter groups that were slaughtered at five week intervals at a commercial abattoir. The first group of goats was slaughtered at the start of the trial in order to serve as a baseline reference. During the study the effects of dietary energy content, and time spent in the feedlot were investigated for the feedlot production and slaughter characteristics of Boer goat kids. Additionally the effect of the energy content of the feedlot diets on the sensory and chemical properties of goat meat were evaluated. During the production period individual feed intake and live weight gain were monitored on a weekly basis. It was observed that live weight of the goats increased throughout the production period. Quadratic functions were used to describe the change in average daily gain and dry matter intake of the goats during the feeding period. Goats that were fed the low and medium energy diets exhibited higher daily gains (P= 0.02) and dry matter intakes (P< 0.01) than goats on the high energy diets. Dietary energy content and age of the animal in the feedlot did not influence the feed conversion ratio to produce a unit of live weight. A linear function was used to model the growth of the goats during this production period. The goats were not able to reach the point of inflection on the growth curve. Therefore the sigmoidal growth curve could not be plotted which could have been modelled by a function similar to the Gompertz model. Dressing percentages of the carcasses varied throughout the production period for all the diets, with goats on the low energy diet having the lowest dressing percentage (45.8%; P= 0.04). The energy content of the trial diets had no effect on the yield of the offal components and retail cuts of the carcass. Generally it was observed that the yields of the hindquarter and neck cuts decreased whilst that of the forequarter increased with the age of the goats at slaughter. The degree of carcass fatness increased with time spent in the feedlot, with the majority of fat being deposited in the abdominal cavity, rather than in the subcutaneous fat depot. Dietary energy content was expected to influence the levels of intramuscular fat, which in turn would affect the eating quality of the meat. However, the levels of energy in the diets fed to goats did not influence the tenderness, juiciness or the aroma and flavour profiles of the goat meat as observed during descriptive sensory analysis of the meat by a trained panel. Chemical analysis of the cooked meat samples also showed that the levels of intramuscular fat did not vary between the samples, resulting in the lack of differences detected between treatments in the sensory evaluation. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie is die effek van die energie-inhoud van die voerkraal dieet, tesame met die lengte van die produksie tydperk, vir Boerbok lammers ondersoek. Die lammers is in individuele kampies gehuisves op die Elsenburg proefplaas, Wes- Kaap, Suid-Afrika. Die gekastreerde Boerbok lammers is gespeen op ’n ouderdom van ongeveer 18 weke (gewig van 22.2 ± 3.5 kg) en is ewekansig toegewys aan een van die drie proefdiëte waarvan die energie-inhoud gewissel het; naamlik 'n lae, medium en hoë-energie dieet (11.3, 12.0 en 12.7 MJ ME / kg voer onderskeidelik) wat ad libitum verskaf is. Die bokke is verder lukraak toegewys aan een van vyf slag groepe, wat met vyf weke tussenposes by ’n kommersiële abattoir geslag is. Die eerste groep bokke is aan die begin van die proef geslag om sodoende as basislyn verwysing te dien. Tydens die studie is die effek van die verskil in energie-inhoud van die dieet en die tyd wat in die voerkraal gespandeer is, op die voerkraal produksie en slag eienskappe van die Boerbok lammers ondersoek. Daarbenewens is die effek van die verskil in energie-inhoud van die voerkraal dieet op die sensoriese en chemiese eienskappe van bokvleis geëvalueer. Tydens die produksie periode is individuele voerinname en liggaamsgewig toename op ’n weeklikse basis gemonitor. Dit is waargeneem dat die liggaamsgewig van die bokke tydens die hele produksie tydperk toegeneem het. Kwadratiese funksies is gebruik om die verandering in die gemiddelde daaglikse toename tydens die voerperiode, sowel as die droëmateriaal inname van die bokke te beskryf. Bokke wat die lae en medium-energie diëte gevoer is, het hoër daaglikse toenames (P = 0.02) en droë materiaal inname (P< 0.01) as bokke op die hoë-energie dieet getoon. Die voeromset verhouding benodig om ’n eenheid lewendige gewig te produseer is nie beïnvloed deur die energie-inhoud van die dieet, of die ouderdom van die bokke in die voerkraal nie. ’n Lineêre funksie is toegepas om die groei van die bokke gedurende die produksie tydperk te modelleer. Die groei van die bokke kon nie die infleksiepunt van die groeikurwe bereik nie. Dus kon die sigmoïdale groeikurwe nie getrek word nie, wat deur ’n funksie soortgelyk aan die Gompertz model gemodelleer kon word. Uitslag persentasies van die karkasse het l regdeur die produksie tydperk varieër vir al die diëte; bokke op die lae-energie dieet het die laagste uitslagpersentasie gehad (45.8%; P = 0.04). Die energie-inhoud van die proefdiëte het geen effek op die opbrengs van die afval komponente en handelsnitte van die karkasse gehad nie. Oorhoofs is dit waargeneem dat die opbrengs van die agterkwart en neksnitte afgeneem het, terwyl dié van die voorkwart toegeneem het met slag ouderdom. Die vetheidsgraad van die karkas het toegeneem met tyd spandeer in die voerkraal, met die meerderheid van die vet gedeponeer in die buikholte, eerder as in die onderhuidse vetlaag. Daar is verwag dat die energie-inhoud van die dieet die vlakke van binnespierse vet sal beïnvloed, wat op sy beurt ‘n effek op die eetkwaliteit van die vleis sal hê.. Teenstrydig met verwagtinge het die vlakke van energie in die dieet van die bokke geen invloed gehad op die sagtheid, sappigheid of die aroma en geur profiele van bokvleis nie, soos waargeneem deur middel van beskrywende sintuiglike analise van die vleis deur 'n opgeleide paneele. Chemiese ontleding van die gaar vleismonsters het ook geen verskillein die vlakke van binnespierse vet tussen die verskillende monsters getoon nie, wat gelei het tot daar geen verskille tussen die behandelings in die sensoriese evaluasie waargeneem is nie.

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: When modern man assumed the responsibility of domesticating animals for his own purposes, he directly accepted the responsibility associated with feeding and caring for them. Considering intensive production systems, nutrition is one of the most important aspects in maintaining healthy livestock as well as ensuring profitability is achieved. This is due to the fact that the feeding of the livestock is often the most expensive overhead cost encountered. In ostrich production systems, nutrition costs total an estimated 70 – 80% of the costs associated with rearing the birds from chick to slaughter. When dissecting the typical composition of these ostrich diets, it becomes evident energy and protein are two of the most important, and abundant, nutrients found. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of protein and energy in the diets of slaughter ostriches, on their production parameters. In the first study (Chapter 3), five diets with different protein concentrations were formulated across the four feeding phases of slaughter ostriches (pre-starter, starter, grower and finisher). Three replications per treatment were conducted resulting in 15 camps of ostriches. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in the live weights of the birds at the end of each feeding phase except the finisher phase. In terms of the production parameters, differences (P < 0.05) were found for the dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG) and the feed conversion ratio (FCR). Results indicated that the birds on the middle diet (control) and on the diets containing proportionally higher protein concentrations, although not different from each other, consistently outperformed those on diets containing lower concentrations of protein. These trends were also evident when comparing the cold carcass and thigh weights of the treatment birds post-slaughter. Therefore, from a financial standpoint, it could be concluded that increasing the protein content of the diets beyond that level currently used in industry (control) is not sensible. The second study (Chapter 4) was an evaluation on the primary products harvested from the birds utilized in the first study, namely the feathers, skin and meat. The aim of the investigation was to determine if the dietary protein concentrations had any effect on these products. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed across the feather yields or classes measured, except for the ‘tail feathers’, where the birds fed the lowest protein levels in their diets yielded the fewest. Differences (P < 0.05) were however found in selected skin parameters measured. Decreased dietary protein resulted in smaller wet skin size, smaller sizes of the feather nodules, as well as smaller crust size after the tanning process was completed. However, this had no impact (P > 0.05) on the skin grades achieved. Hence it became clear that dietary protein has an impact on the skin size achieved, which did not translate into differences in skin quality. Similarly, it did not affect the feather yields or quality. Energy is the most important nutrient in livestock diets as it is the first limiting nutrient influencing intake. Therefore, in the third study (Chapter 5), treatments in the form of five different levels of energy in the diets of ostriches, were investigated. Structurally, the layout was similar to the first study with three replications per treatment yielding 15 camps of ostriches. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between the live weights of the birds after the pre-starter phase, but not overall after the completion of the trial. The middle diet (diet 3) containing 14.5 MJ ME/kg displayed the highest gains per day of 216.0 ± 8.08 g per chick. The results of the growth were mirrored in the production parameters (DMI, ADG, FCR), where no differences (P > 0.05) were found for the rest of the feeding phases. In a follow up investigation of the effects of dietary, this chapter focused on the impact these different energy levels (Chapter 5) had on the primary products harvested after slaughter (Chapter 6). In particular, the feather yield and quality, skin yield and selected quality parameters, as well as the chemical composition of the meat was studied. No differences were found (P > 0.05) across any of the feather yields or classes measured. Concerning the skin yields and quality, similar results were found with no differences (P > 0.05) between the crust sizes or grades. With regards to the proximate composition of the meat, no major effect (P > 0.05) was found as a result of the treatment diets. Therefore, dietary energy content exhibited little influence over the feather, skin and meat parameters measured in this study. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die oomblik toe die nuwerwetse mens die verantwoordelikheid aanvaar het vir die mak maak van diere vir sy eie gebruik, het hy direk die verantwoordelikheid aanvaar wat geassosieer word met hul voeding en versorging. Met inagneming van intensiewe produksiestelsels is voeding een van die belangrikste aspekte in die handhawing van gesonde vee asook om winsgewendheid te verseker. Dit is as gevolg van die feit dat die voeding van diere dikwels die grootste oorhoofse uitgawe is. In volstruisproduksiestelsels bereik die voedingskostes ‘n totale geskatte hoeveelheid van 70 – 80% van die kostes wat geassosieer word met die grootmaak van die voëls vanaf kuiken tot slagvoël. Wanneer die tipiese samestelling van hierdie volstruisdiëte ontleed word, is dit duidelik dat energie en proteïene twee van die mees belangrike en volopste voedingstowwe is wat gevind word. Hierdie studie was dus onderneem om die effek van verskillende konsentrasies proteïene en energie in die diëte van slagvoëls en hulle produksieparameters te ondersoek. Vir die eerste studie (Hoofstuk 3) is vyf diëte met verskillende proteïenkonsentrasies geformuleer vir die vier voedingsfases van slagvolstruise (voor-aanvangs, aanvangs, groei en afronding). Drie herhalings per behandeling is gebruik wat 15 volstruiskampe tot gevolg gehad het. Betekenisvolle verskille (P < 0.05) in die lewende gewig van die voëls is aan die einde van elke voedingsfase gevind, behalwe vir die afrondingsfase. In terme van die produksieparameters is verskille (P < 0.05) gevind vir die droë materiaalinname (DMI), gemiddelde daaglikse toename (GDT) en die voeromsetverhouding (VOV). Resultate het getoon dat voëls wat die middelste dieet (kontrole) en diëte wat proporsioneel hoër proteïenkonsentrasies bevat het, alhoewel hulle nie van mekaar verskil nie, konsekwent beter presteer het as die wat diëte met laer proteïenkonsentrasies ontvang het. Hierdie tendense is ook waargeneem toe die koue karkas- en dygewigte van die eksperimentele voëls na-doods vergelyk is. Vanuit ‘n finansiële oogpunt kan daar dus tot die gevolgtrekking gekom word dat dit nie sinvol sal wees om die proteïeninhoud van volstruisdiëte te verhoog bo die vlak wat tans in die industrie (kontrole) gebruik word nie. Tydens die tweede studie (Hoofstuk 4) is die primêre produkte (vere, velle en vleis) wat vanaf die volstruise in die eerste studie geoes is, geëvalueer. Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal of die verskillende proteïenkonsentrasies in die dieet enige effek op hierdie produkte het. Geen verskille (P > 0.05) is by die veeropbrengste of die verskillende veertipes wat gemeet is, waargeneem nie, behalwe vir die stertvere, waar die voëls wat die laagste proteïenvlakke in hulle diëte ontvang het, die laagste opbrengs gelewer het. Verskille (P < 0.05) is egter gevind in die geselekteerde velparameters wat gemeet is. ‘n Vermindering in die proteïenkonsentrasie het ‘n kleiner nat velgrootte tot gevolg gehad, asook ‘n afname in knoppiegrootte nadat die looiproses voltooi is. Hierdie waarneming het egter geen invloed (P > 0.05) op die gradering van die velle gehad nie. Dit het dus duidelik na vore gekom dat die dieetproteïen wel die velgrootte wat bereik is, beïnvloed het, maar nie tot verskille in velkwaliteit gelei het nie. Veeropbrengs en –kwaliteit is ook nie deur die dieetproteïen beïnvloed nie. Energie is die eerste beperkende voedingskomponent wat voerinname bepaal. Gegewe die groot invloed wat dit op voerinname het, is dit dus die mees belangrike komponent in die dieet van vee. Vandaar dan die derde studie (Hoofstuk 5) waar die behandelings in die vorm van vyf verskillende energievlakke in die diëte van volstruise ondersoek is. Die struktuur en uitleg van die studie was soortgelyk aan die eerste studie met drie herhalings per behandeling wat 15 volstruiskampe tot gevolg gehad het. Betekenisvolle verskille (P < 0.05) is gevind tussen die lewende gewigte van die voëls na die voor-aanvangsfase, maar nie nadat die hele proefneming voltooi is nie. Die middelste dieet (dieet 3) wat 14.5 MJ ME/kg bevat het, het die hoogste toename per dag van 216.0 ± 8.08 g per kuiken opgelewer. Groeiresultate is weerspieël in die produksieparameters (DMI, GDT, VOV), waar geen verskille (P > 0.05) in die res van die voedingsfases gevind is nie. Tydens ‘n opvolgondersoek rakende die effek van dieet, het hierdie hoofstuk gefokus op die impak wat die verskillende energievlakke (Hoofstuk 5) op die primêre produkte wat na-doods geoes is. Daar is in besonder na die vere-opbrengs en –kwaliteit, velgrootte en geselekteerde kwaliteitparameters, asook die chemiese samestelling van die vleis gekyk. Geen verskille (P > 0.05) is by die veeropbrengste of die verskillende veertipes wat gemeet is, gevind nie. Met betrekking tot die velgroottes en -kwaliteit, is soortgelyke resultate gevind met geen verskille (P > 0.05) tussen die knoppiegrootte en –gradering nie. Met verwysing na die proksimale samestelling van die vleis is geen betekenisvolle effek (P > 0.05) as gevolg van die eksperimentele diëte waargeneem nie. Die inhoud van die dieetenergie het dus ‘n klein invloed op die vere-, vel- en vleisparameters wat in hierdie studie geëvalueer is, gehad.