Este trabalho procura apresentar através de uma análise do conjunto das obras de Canguilhem uma crítica da razão médica prática, tal como sugere num de seus escritos. Vale dizer que embora ele tenha afirmado não pretender renovar a medicina, procurando apenas ajudá-la a pensar sobre seus pressupostos e conceitos fundamentais, em nosso entender, ao realizar uma crítica à hegemonia do modelo médico científico-moderno e ao operar o desvelamento de sua ideologia de controle da vida, acabou por delinear os contornos de uma nova racionalidade médica que, por se ancorar numa definição de medicina como arte que se coloca a serviço da capacidade de resistência vital, pode vir a fazer frente à mecanização da vida, à normalização dos indivíduos e à gestão sociopolítica médica da vida cotidiana. Assim, é adotando o ponto de vista canguilhemiano de que a ideia de normalidade como normalização mais se identifica à medicina científica moderna que opera com a ideia de norma como média estatística e tipo ideal, do que a uma medicina que considera que na natureza há apenas normalidade como normatividade, que procuramos ao fim de nosso trabalho vislumbrar outro horizonte para as práticas e a ética do cuidado em saúde na atualidade. / This work seeks to present, through the analysis of Canguilhems complete work, a critique of the practical reasoning in medicine, as suggested by the author himself. Although he has not intended to renovate medicine, his intention was to help thinking about its assumptions and fundamental concepts. It is believed that, by criticizing the hegemony of the modern scientific-medical model and operating the unveiling of its ideology of control over life, he ended up outlining the contours of a new medical rationale. This approach is based on the definition of medicine as a type of art which is at the service of a vital resistance capacity. This way, it can cope with the mechanization of life, the normalization of individuals and sociopolitical medical management of everyday life. Thus, by adopting Canguilhems perspective, the idea of normality as normalization is more related to the modern scientific medicine that works with the idea of statistical average and the ideal type than the medicine which considers that, in nature, there is only normality as normativity. At the end of this work, the aim is to glimpse another horizon for the practices and the ethics of current health care.

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2017-09-28T18:40:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Caroline_Reisdorfer2017.pdf: 1364493 bytes, checksum: c6d82024da52185c579d3f6ae8378779 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-28T18:40:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caroline_Reisdorfer2017.pdf: 1364493 bytes, checksum: c6d82024da52185c579d3f6ae8378779 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation works, using as method the French Discourse Analysis, discursive elements that produce effects of meaning aboutthe idea of childhood. The central theoretical question is the relationship between said and unsaid, taking silence as an important ingredient for the articulation of the senses that the discourse presents about the theme of the corpus will be analysed.This study was built using texts of Pêcheux (year), Lacan (year), Althusser (year) and Orlandi (year), allowing to print the theory over the chosen corpus, which groups the 18 criteria used by doctors, psi area professionals, teachers and parents in order to observe the behavior of children who present conflicting behaviors in relation to activities in the school, family and social space. These criteria, when they occur in 6-month recurrence and in groups of 6 symptoms, lead professionals to conclude that the child has Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder. The materiality of the discursive sequences circulates in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association and occupies the status that is ideologically attributed to Medicine because it is considered as a science of care and many specific treatment solutions, whether using medicinal treatment or not. Thus, this research aims to devote a look at extra linguistic and therefore discursive relationships, in order to understand what the manual states about child behavior. It was necessary, in this sense, to consider the conditions of production of the discursive sequences and also the sequences themselves, that is, for the criteria, and to understand the discourse as a theoretical object, to understand how the course on childhood is diverted to another look and another speech about it. For this, this work used the studies of Postman (year), Del Priori (year) and Ariès (year), as well as laws and data from government agencies, both on the child and on the disorder that is represented by the discourse of the manual. It is believed that the material studied in this work represents a pertinent articulation to think about the profile of the child desired inthe present time, understanding that this objective can be reached through the discursive effects of meaning of the manual on a supposed "pathology". It is in the midst of what is said about the abnormality and the unsaid about normality that it is possible to obtain defenses of theses anchored on previous discourses, either in the sense of ratifying them or of rejecting them by means of silencing. / Esta dissertação trabalha, usando como método a Análise de Discurso de linha francesa, elementos discursivos que produzem efeitos de sentido sobre o que é a infância. A questão teórica central é a relação entre dito e não dito, tomando o silêncio como ingrediente importante para a articulação dos sentidos que o discurso sobre o tema do corpus a ser estudado apresenta. Para o estudo, foram utilizados textos de Pêcheux (1990, 1993, 2011, 2014), Lacan (1989, 1998, 2008), Althusser (1978) e Orlandi (2012, 2013), que possibilitaram imprimir a teoria sobre o corpus escolhido, que agrupa os 18 critérios utilizados por médicos, profissionais das áreas psi, professores e pais, para observar o comportamento de crianças que apresentam comportamentos conflituosos em relação a atividades no espaço escolar, familiar e social. Esses critérios, quando acontecem em recorrência de 6 meses e em grupos de 6 sintomas, levam os profissionais a concluir que a criança possui Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade. A materialidade das sequências discursivas circula na quinta edição do Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais, publicado pela Associação Americana de Psiquiatria e ocupa o status que é atribuído ideologicamente à Medicina, pois a mesma é considerada como uma ciência de cuidados e muitas soluções de tratamentos específicos sejam medicamentosos ou não. Assim, esta pesquisa dedica um olhar para as relações extralinguísticas e, portanto, discursivas, para compreender o que o manual afirma sobre o comportamento infantil. Foi necessário, neste sentido, atentar para as condições de produção das sequências discursivas e para elas mesmas, ou seja, para os critérios, e compreender o discurso como objeto teórico, para entender como o curso sobre a infância se desvia para um outro olhar e outro discurso sobre ela. Para isso, foram usados estudos de Postman (2010), Del Priori (2015) e Ariès (1981), assim como leis e dados de órgãos do governo, tanto sobre a criança quanto sobre o transtorno que é representado pelo discurso do manual. Acredita-se que o material estudado neste trabalho representa uma articulação pertinente para pensar sobre a criança que se quer na atualidade, entendendo que esse objetivo pode ser alcançado por meio dos efeitos de sentido discursivos do manual sobre uma suposta “patologia”. É no entremeio do dito sobre a anormalidade e do não dito sobre a normalidade que se obtém defesas de teses ancoradas sobre discursos anteriores, seja no sentido de ratificá-los ou de recusá-los por meio do silenciamento.

Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons au problème de tester en grande dimension l'uniformité sur la sphère-unité $S^{p_n-1}$ (la dimension des observations, $p_n$, dépend de leur nombre, $n$, et être en grande dimension signifie que $p_n$ tend vers l'infini en même temps que $n$). Nous nous restreignons dans un premier temps à des contre-hypothèses ``monotones'' de densité croissante le long d'une direction ${\pmb \theta}_n\in S^{p_n-1}$ et dépendant d'un paramètre de concentration $\kappa_n>0$. Nous commençons par identifier le taux $\kappa_n$ auquel ces contre-hypothèses sont contiguës à l'uniformité ;nous montrons ensuite grâce à des résultats de normalité locale asymptotique, que le test d'uniformité le plus classique, le test de Rayleigh, n'est pas optimal quand ${\pmb \theta}_n$ est connu mais qu'il le devient à $p$ fixé et dans le cas FvML en grande dimension quand ${\pmb \theta}_n$ est inconnu.Dans un second temps, nous considérons des contre-hypothèses ``axiales'', attribuant la même probabilité à des points diamétralement opposés. Elles dépendent aussi d'un paramètre de position ${\pmb \theta}_n\in S^{p_n-1}$ et d'un paramètre de concentration $\kappa_n\in\R$. Le taux de contiguïté s'avère ici plus élevé et suggère un problème plus difficile que dans le cas monotone. En effet, le test de Bingham, le test classique dans le cas axial, n'est pas optimal à ${\pmb \theta}_n$ inconnu et $p$ fixé, et ne détecte pas les contre-hypothèses contiguës en grande dimension. C'est pourquoi nous nous tournons vers des tests basés sur les plus grande et plus petite valeurs propres de la matrice de variance-covariance et nous déterminons leurs distributions asymptotiques sous les contre-hypothèses contiguës à $p$ fixé.Enfin, à l'aide d'un théorème central limite pour martingales, nous montrons que sous certaines conditions et après standardisation, les statistiques de Rayleigh et de Bingham sont asymptotiquement normales sous l'hypothèse d'invariance par rotation des observations. Ce résultat permet non seulement d'identifier le taux auquel le test de Bingham détecte des contre-hypothèses axiales mais aussi celui auquel il détecte des contre-hypothèses monotones. / In this thesis we are interested in testing uniformity in high dimensions on the unit sphere $S^{p_n-1}$ (the dimension of the observations, $p_n$, depends on their number, and high-dimensional data are such that $p_n$ diverges to infinity with $n$).We consider first ``monotone'' alternatives whose density increases along an axis ${\pmb \theta}_n\in S^{p_n-1}$ and depends on a concentration parameter $\kappa_n>0$. We start by identifying the rate at which these alternatives are contiguous to uniformity; then we show thanks to local asymptotic normality results that the most classical test of uniformity, the Rayleigh test, is not optimal when ${\pmb \theta}_n$ is specified but becomes optimal when $p$ is fixed and in the high-dimensional FvML case when ${\pmb \theta}_n$ is unspecified.We consider next ``axial'' alternatives, assigning the same probability to antipodal points. They also depend on a location parameter ${\pmb \theta}_n\in S^{p_n-1}$ and a concentration parameter $\kappa_n\in\R$. The contiguity rate proves to be higher in that case and implies that the problem is more difficult than in the monotone case. Indeed, the Bingham test, the classical test when dealing with axial data, is not optimal when $p$ is fixed and ${\pmb \theta}_n$ is not specified, and is blind to the contiguous alternatives in high dimensions. This is why we turn to tests based on the extreme eigenvalues of the covariance matrix and establish their fixed-$p$ asymptotic distributions under contiguous alternatives.Finally, thanks to a martingale central limit theorem, we show that, under some assumptions and after standardisation, the Rayleigh and Bingham test statistics are asymptotically normal under general rotationally symmetric distributions. It enables us to identify the rate at which the Bingham test detects axial alternatives and also monotone alternatives. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This scientific essay is about children’s difficulties in playing and interacting with other children. The purpose of my essay is to gain a deeper understanding of those who are in need of support in their social interaction with other children. In order to be able to investigate and seek answers to my questions, I have used essay writing as a method. In my story I describe Signe, a child who has difficulty interacting with other children. Signe is very impulsive in her actions and this causes her to encounter resistance from the other children as she tries to get into their playing activities. This often results in conflicts that cause Signe to be excluded by the other children, as well as being excluded by me if I remove her from ongoing play activities. This has become a dilemma for me because I feel conflicted in how I as a teacher should handle situations like this. My dilemma lies in how to meet the needs of the individual child and create an inclusive environment within the group, while at the same time taking into account the other    children´s needs and rights to play in harmony. In the essay, I try to look back and reflect on my actions in the situations with Signe. I look at possible causes that may have affected Signe being excluded from the play activities of the other children. Could my way of dealing with the situations possibly have any impact on Signe’s status in the group? I also try to see Signe`s behavior from two separate special educational perspectives, the individual as well as the relational perspective, as I wonder if it is the child herself who has difficulties or whether it is in the encounter with a certain environment that problems arises? One idea that arose during my writing is whether a teacher’s view of normality can contribute to how we look at children. I also wonder how I as a future teacher can work to create an environment that´s inclusive to all children. The study`s conclusion has given me knowledge about how I need to minimize demanding situations by creating good conditions in the environment where the child is located. I need to be a present teacher who is there to support the child in the play.

No description available.

Saudi Arabia has been trying to change its long tradition of relying on fossil fuels and seek renewable energy sources such as wind power. In this thesis, I firstly provide a comprehensive assessment of wind energy resources and associated spatio-temporal patterns over Saudi Arabia in both current and future climate conditions, based on a Regional Climate Model output. A high wind energy potential exists and is likely to persist at least until 2050 over a vast area ofWestern Saudi Arabia, particularly in the region between Medina and the Red Sea coast and during Summer months. Since an accurate assessment of wind extremes is crucial for risk management purposes, I then present the first high-resolution risk assessment of wind extremes over Saudi Arabia. Under the Bayesian framework, I measure the uncertainty of return levels and produce risk maps of wind extremes, which show that locations in the South of Saudi Arabia and near the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf are at very high risk of disruption of wind turbine operations. In order to perform spatial predictions of the bivariate wind random field for efficient turbine control, I propose parametric variogram matrix (function) models for cokriging, which have the advantage of allowing for a smooth transition between a joint second-order and intrinsically stationary vector random field. Under Gaussianity, the covariance function is central to spatio-temporal modeling, which is useful to understand the dynamics of winds in space and time. I review the various space-time covariance structures and models, some of which are visualized with animations, and associated tests. I also discuss inference issues and a case study based on a high-resolution wind-speed dataset. The Gaussian assumption commonly made in statistics needs to be validated, and I show that tests for independently and identically distributed data cannot be used directly for spatial data. I then propose a new multivariate test for spatial data by accounting for the spatial dependence. The new test is easy to compute, has a chi-square null distribution, and has a good control of the type I error and a high empirical power.

An extremal property of normal distributions is that they have the smallest Fisher Information for location among all distributions with the same variance. A new test of normality proposed by Terrell (1995) utilizes the above property by finding that density of maximum likelihood constrained on having the expected Fisher Information under normality based on the sample variance. The test statistic is then constructed as a ratio of the resulting likelihood against that of normality. Since the asymptotic distribution of this test statistic is not available, the critical values for n = 3 to 200 have been obtained by simulation and smoothed using polynomials. An extensive power study shows that the test has superior power against distributions that are symmetric and leptokurtic (long-tailed). Another advantage of the test over existing ones is the direct depiction of any deviation from normality in the form of a density estimate. This is evident when the test is applied to several real data sets. Testing of normality in residuals is also investigated. Various approaches in dealing with residuals being possibly heteroscedastic and correlated suffer from a loss of power. The approach with the fewest undesirable features is to use the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) residuals in place of independent observations. From simulations, it is shown that one has to be careful about the levels of the normality tests and also in generalizing the results. / Ph. D.

Práce je věnována generování náhodných struktur dvousložkových vláknových kompozitních materiálů a statistickým metodám analýzy náhodnosti těchto struktur. Byly vyvinuty čtyři algoritmy a vygenerované struktury byly statisticky porovnány s reálnými daty.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(経済学) / 甲第18037号 / 経博第490号 / 新制||経||268(附属図書館) / 30895 / 京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 西山 慶彦, 准教授 奥井 亮, 講師 末石 直也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DGAM

Whether it is designing and controlling super-efficient high speed transport systems or understanding environmental fluid flows, a key question that arises is: what state does the fluid take and why? An answer to this question lies in understanding the hydrodynamic stability properties of the flow as a function of parameters. While much work has been done in this area in the past, there are many open questions that need to be addressed. Here we study the effect of spatial domain size, number of modes, non-hermitianness and non-normality on the finite time and infinite time stability properties of a standing, viscous shock flow problem. It has been shown that the above problems are not only non-normal but also non-hermitian, when the base flow has shear. The eigenvalue problems corresponding to infinite spatial domain, finite spatial domain, Forward and L2 adjoint problems are solved exactly by converting the linear partial differential equations into nonlinear Riccati equations. In the finite domain case, the full time dependent solutions are obtained analytically using bi-orthogonal basis functions. In the infinite domain case, the point spectrum of the forward operator is shown to be unbounded and that of the adjoint operator to be empty. In the unbounded case, the spectrum fills the entire area on one side of a parabola in the complex plane and is connected. As the fluid viscosity decreases the width of the parabola increases and in the limit of zero viscosity covers almost entire left half plane(LHP). On the other hand, as the fluid viscosity increases the width of parabola decreases and in the limit of infinite viscosity becomes negative real axis, which is the spectrum of heat equation. The spectrum of adjoint problem is empty for all values of the viscosity and prescribed velocity. In the finite spatial domain case, the point spectrum lies in the open left half plane for all Reynolds numbers and hence asymptotically stable. The results obtained showed that perturbations grow substantially large for finite time before they decay at large times. It is also found that retainig right number of modes is crucial for observing transient growth phenomena. Finally, the linear results are compared with the nonlinear finite amplitude simulation results. The relevance of current results to other fluid flows is presented.