This diploma work analyses logistic process in the company SVOBODA-výroba domácích knedlíků s.r.o. It includes studies of logistic conceptions, that help at building of customer-orientated company and pervasion to the foreign marketplace.

En transportbörs är en elektronisk marknadsplats där transportsäljare kan annonsera ledig kapacitet till försäljning och transportköpare kan ge förfrågningar på transporter. När aktörerna på transportbörsen har hittat en sälj- eller köpannons som passar deras behov sluter de avtal om en transport. Transportbörser underlättar för transportsäljare att öka sina fyllnadsgrader samtidigt som den även underlättar för transportköpare att hitta transportörer. Då fyllnadsgrader och samlastning ökar med hjälp av transportbörserna tjänar även miljön på detta då antalet använda fordon minskar (Kovács, 2009).I denna studie har vi undersökt vad som fungerar bra respektive mindre bra med befintliga transportbörser, och genom detta har en konceptuell transportbörs tagits fram där dess fördelar förstärks och nackdelar minimeras. Studien baseras på en enkätundersökning med ansvariga transportsäljare samt en personlig djupintervju med en verksam transportplanerare. Vi har genom litteraturstudier även tagit reda på om det finns några tekniska hjälpmedel som skulle kunna användas för att understödja transportbörsernas syfte att öka samlastningen.Våra egna undersökningar samt litteraturstudie visar på vikten av affärsrelationer; de flesta transportsäljare beräknar i dagens läge sina fyllnadsgrader manuellt och därefter frågar de sina etablerade kunder om de är i behov av transporter. Transportköpare arbetar på ett liknande sätt – vid transportbehov ringer de till sina etablerade transportörer och frågar om de har tillgänglig kapacitet. Därför blir manuell koordination av offerter en standardprocedur vilket resulterar i att transportbörser fungerar som en sista utväg. Därför blir det inte heller någon direkt ruljans och fart på handeln på transportbörserna (Anonym transportsäljare).Vid våra empiriska undersökningar framgår det tydligt att det främsta konkurrensmedlet bland säljande företag på transportbörser är priset, något som också bekräftas av forskare i ämnet (Nandijaru & Regan, 2003). Prispressen får följden att andra konkurrensmedel såsom kundservice och kundrelationer hamnar i skymundan. Ett flertal respondenter i vår undersökning ansåg detta vara ett stort problem vilket har resulterat i att det är svårt att tjäna några pengar på transportbörserna.Om man på transportbörsen kan möjliggöra för transportörer att marknadsföra sig med andra konkurrensfördelar än pris kommer det att skapa en helt ny marknadssituation. Resultatet blir en jämnare konkurrens mellan aktörerna på transportbörsen. Låter man dessutom köpare och säljare att betygsätta varandra bidrar detta ytterligare till en ökad transparens och mer jämlik konkurrens. Anledningen till att marknaden blir mer jämlik är att företag som marknadsför sig med hög servicenivå och således ett något högre pris känner att de kan konkurrera på lika villkor med konkurrenter som använder sig av en prispressande strategi.RFID är en teknik som skulle kunna underlätta användandet av transportbörser då tekniken kan användas för att beräkna tillgänglig kapacitet samt automatiskt skapa annonser på transportbörserna. Tekniken skulle således även kunna vara ett sätt för företagen att framhäva de icke-ekonomiska konkurrensfördelarna såsom service, då en implementering av RFID skulle spara arbetstid inom de transportsäljande företagen; lägger man mindre tid på transportplanering och annonsering kan man lägga mer tid på sin kärnverksamhet och kundservice och relationer. / An electronic transportation market is a market place where transport sellers can advertise free capacity and transport buyers can make inquires on transports. When the sellers and buyers have found an offer that fits them they reach an agreement. The electronic transportation markets help to increase the average payload and gives opportunities for co-loading, which benefits both the transport carriers, transport buyers as well as the environment (Kovács, 2009).In this study we have examined what works well respectively less well with existing electronic transportation markets. This has been done through a survey among transport selling companies as well as an interview with a transport planner. Through literature study we have also investigated if there are any technical aids that can be used to support the functionality of electronic transportation markets.Our research and literature study reveals that most transport sellers manually calculate their payloads and then manually calls their customers to see if they want anything transported. We therefore suspect that manual coordination of offers and advertising is a normal procedure amongst transport selling and transport buying companies. This results in the electronic transportation markets works as a last exit for the transport sellers. As a result of this there is no momentum on the electronic transportation markets when nobody is trading there on a bigger scale (Anonymous transport seller).Our survey and interview show that the main competitive advantage amongst transport sellers on electronic transportation markets is the price. This is a theory confirmed by several authors in the field, for example Nandijaru and Regan (2003). The price focus results in other competitive advantages such as service and customer relations tend to be forgotten on electronic transportation markets. Many respondents in our survey found the price fixation to be a major problem resulting in low profits on the electronic transportation markets.If you can make it possible for transport sellers to advertise themselves with other competitive advantages than price it will create a new market situation. The will result in a more equal competition on the electronic transportation markets. The market place will be even more equal and transparent if you allow the sellers and buyers to rate one another on different scales such as service ratio. The mentioned implementations will lead to sellers that advertise themselves with a high degree of service will feel that they compete on the same terms as sellers that focus on price.RFID may offer the possibility to automatically calculate available payload and automatically create advertisements on electronic transportation markets. This can also be a way to increase the importance of non-economic competitive advantages such as customer service, as a direct result of less time spent manually calculating payload and creating advertisements.

Carregar e descarregar caminhões, informar e orientar motoristas. Estas são as principais atividades realizadas por trabalhadores conhecidos como Chapas, que se fazem presentes praticamente na totalidade do Território Brasileiro. Nesta perspectiva, as diferentes formas de uso deste território são os preceitos principais para a observação e estudo destes trabalhadores. Portanto, é possível pensá-los a partir dos mais diferentes referenciais, desde um debate clássico como o urbano/rural, como as questões agropecuárias no Brasil, desenvolvimento urbano, transportes e fluidez territorial, entre tantos outros. Buscamos compreender sua posição diante das Normas da Moderna Logística e do Transporte Rodoviário de Cargas no Brasil. Estudo de caso em Ribeirão Preto / To load and to unload trucks, to inform and to show truck drivers a way in the city and the region. These are the main activities realized by the working men know as \"Chapas\", that are present almost in the totally of the Brazilian Territory. According to this perspective, the different forms of the use of such territory are the main rule to the observation and study of these working men. Therefore, it is possible to think them from the most different points of view, since the classic debate of urban/rural relations, transports and territorial flowing, and many others. We do look forward to comprehend their position face to the Modern Logistics Rules and from the Road Transportation in Brazil. Study of case in the city of Ribeirão Preto/SP

abstract: Fossil fuel CO2 (FFCO2) emissions are recognized as the dominant greenhouse gas driving climate change (Enting et. al., 1995; Conway et al., 1994; Francey et al., 1995; Bousquet et. al., 1999). Transportation is a major component of FFCO2 emissions, especially in urban areas. An improved understanding of on-road FFCO2 emission at high spatial resolution is essential to both carbon science and mitigation policy. Though considerable research has been accomplished within a few high-income portions of the planet such as the United States and Western Europe, little work has attempted to comprehensively quantify high-resolution on-road FFCO2 emissions globally. Key questions for such a global quantification are: (1) What are the driving factors for on-road FFCO2 emissions? (2) How robust are the relationships? and (3) How do on-road FFCO2 emissions vary with urban form at fine spatial scales? This study used urban form/socio-economic data combined with self-reported on-road FFCO2 emissions for a sample of global cities to estimate relationships within a multivariate regression framework based on an adjusted STIRPAT model. The on-road high-resolution (whole-city) regression FFCO2 model robustness was evaluated by introducing artificial error, conducting cross-validation, and assessing relationship sensitivity under various model specifications. Results indicated that fuel economy, vehicle ownership, road density and population density were statistically significant factors that correlate with on-road FFCO2 emissions. Of these four variables, fuel economy and vehicle ownership had the most robust relationships. A second regression model was constructed to examine the relationship between global on-road FFCO2 emissions and urban form factors (described by population ii density, road density, and distance to activity centers) at sub-city spatial scales (1 km2). Results showed that: 1) Road density is the most significant (p<2.66e-037) predictor of on-road FFCO2 emissions at the 1 km2 spatial scale; 2) The correlation between population density and on-road FFCO2 emissions for interstates/freeways varies little by city type. For arterials, on-road FFCO2 emissions show a stronger relationship to population density in clustered cities (slope = 0.24) than dispersed cities (slope = 0.13). FFCO2 3) The distance to activity centers has a significant positive relationship with on-road FFCO2 emission for the interstate and freeway toad types, but an insignificant relationship with the arterial road type. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Environmental Social Science 2018

Brazil’s highway network holds an extension of approximately 1.72 million kilometers, being regarded, thus, as the fourth longest one in the world, only behind the USA, India and China. It holds around 67% of the volume of transported loads in the Brazilian territory, which comes to be the main agricultural and industrial outflow system found yet - hazardous products and materials here included. Due to this expressive reality, accidents involving vehicles transporting chemical products have represented the greatest part of emergency services conducted by environmental agencies. For this reason, the subject here approached may serve as an instrument for the diagnosis of critical areas, which are subject to such kind of event in the range of five kilometers in the surroundings of BR 101 (highway) of Alagoas, which comprises 27 counties along a 237.066,70 hectares area where the combination of human, physical and environmental factors are present, which are causes for accidents involving dangerous loads being transported along this stretch and that also suffer because of them. From a geographical perspective, the present research deals with an unprecedented issue, once considered the shortage of scientific researches in the State of Alagoas. Before such context, aided by geoprocessing techniques and through the study of the investigative method of differentiation of areas, diffused by Richard Hartshorne and Alfred Hettner, whose premise is based on the chorographic perspective of the environment, integrating their constituent elements and getting to a synoptic view of reality, the main aim of this research revolved around creating a conceptual model of assessment and spatial analysis for the level of environmental risks to events that establish relation with accidents involving hazardous chemical products. For such, the algebra of maps, as a technique of integration of data, was used, based on the weighted average algorithm, which can be expressed by assigning weights and numerical grades to the information plans and their respective categories. The maps formulated for the integration were organized according to their thematic correlations in such a way that they would be molded unto the three components of the risk areas: hazard factors, vulnerability factors and exposed elements. As a final result, three risk classes were obtained: Low Risk (grades 3 and 4); Moderate Risk (grades 5 and 6) and High Risk (grades 7 and 8). The first one takes 13.24% of the analyzed area, whereas the second one claims a 76.28% portion of it, while the third one holds 10.45% of the whole analyzed area. By having these numbers linked to their locations, this research offers basic information support for the development of politics which aim at preventing and lightening damage to the environment. / A malha rodoviária do Brasil possui uma extensão de aproximadamente 1,72 milhão de quilômetros, sendo, portanto, considerada a quarta maior do mundo, ficando atrás apenas dos EUA, Índia e China. Ela concentra cerca de 67% do volume de cargas transportadas no território brasileiro, tornando-se assim no principal sistema de escoamento da produção agropecuário e industrial, incluindo os produtos perigosos. Em virtude dessa expressiva realidade, os acidentes envolvendo veículos transportadores de produtos químicos tem representado a maior parte dos atendimentos às emergências por parte dos órgãos ambientais. Por este motivo, o tema em questão se propõe servir como um instrumento de diagnóstico das áreas críticas sujeitas a esse tipo de evento em faixa de cinco quilômetros no entorno do trecho alagoano da rodovia BR-101, que abrange 27 municípios e abrange uma área de 237.066,70 hectares, identificando a combinação dos fatores físicos, humanos e ambientais que causam e sofrem, respectivamente, com a ocorrência de sinistros com cargas perigosas rodotransportadas. O estudo trata de um tema inédito a partir da ótica geográfica, dada a exiguidade de trabalhos científicos no Estado de Alagoas. Neste contexto, o objetivo principal da pesquisa foi elaborar um modelo conceitual de avaliação e análise espaciais dos graus de risco ambiental aos eventos relacionados com sinistros envolvendo produtos químicos perigosos, auxiliado por técnicas de geoprocessamento, avaliando o método investigativo de diferenciação de áreas difundido por Richard Hartshorne e Alfred Hettner, que tem por premissa a visão corográfica do meio, integrando os seus elementos constituintes, chegando a uma visão sinótica da realidade. Para isto, utilizou-se como técnica de integração de dados a álgebra de mapas, baseada no algoritmo da média ponderada, o qual se expressa através da atribuição de pesos e notas aos planos de informação e suas categorias, respectivamente. Os dados elaborados para a integração foram organizados de acordo com as suas correlações temáticas, de forma que fossem moldados aos três componentes das áreas de risco: fatores de periculosidade, fatores de vulnerabilidade e elementos expostos. Como resultado final obteve-se três classes de risco: Baixo Risco (notas 3 e 4); Médio Risco (notas 5 e 6) e Alto Risco (notas 7 e 8). A primeira, ocupa 13,24% da área estudada, enquanto que a segunda categoria abrange 76,28% e a terceira classe, apenas 10,45% da área total analisada. Com esses números associados as suas localizações, este estudo oferece subsídio com informações básicas para o desenvolvimento de políticas que visem a prevenção e a mitigação de prejuízos à saúde ambiental.

The aim of the diploma thesis is analysis of air and road transport of dangerous goods and subsequent comparison of IATA DGR conditions for the air transport of dangerous goods with ADR conditions for the transport of dangerous goods by road and their application on a particular business case. Another aim of the thesis is to carry out a price calculation of road and air transport of a sample lithium battery consignment, to evaluate both types of transport with regard to their price and time efficiency and to make the final recommendations regarding the choice of more efficient mode of transport.

Carregar e descarregar caminhões, informar e orientar motoristas. Estas são as principais atividades realizadas por trabalhadores conhecidos como Chapas, que se fazem presentes praticamente na totalidade do Território Brasileiro. Nesta perspectiva, as diferentes formas de uso deste território são os preceitos principais para a observação e estudo destes trabalhadores. Portanto, é possível pensá-los a partir dos mais diferentes referenciais, desde um debate clássico como o urbano/rural, como as questões agropecuárias no Brasil, desenvolvimento urbano, transportes e fluidez territorial, entre tantos outros. Buscamos compreender sua posição diante das Normas da Moderna Logística e do Transporte Rodoviário de Cargas no Brasil. Estudo de caso em Ribeirão Preto / To load and to unload trucks, to inform and to show truck drivers a way in the city and the region. These are the main activities realized by the working men know as \"Chapas\", that are present almost in the totally of the Brazilian Territory. According to this perspective, the different forms of the use of such territory are the main rule to the observation and study of these working men. Therefore, it is possible to think them from the most different points of view, since the classic debate of urban/rural relations, transports and territorial flowing, and many others. We do look forward to comprehend their position face to the Modern Logistics Rules and from the Road Transportation in Brazil. Study of case in the city of Ribeirão Preto/SP

No Abstract Provided / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

<p dir="ltr">Accurate traffic information plays a crucial role in developing appropriate pavement designs. However, the existing traffic design input module often falls short in accurately describing the real traffic conditions on Indiana highways. Furthermore, a range of issues related to vehicle classification, transit bus traffic characterization, semi-truck platooning, pavement friction assessment, and highway model representation have been identified. This study aims to improve the design, safety, and visual presentation of highways in Indiana. In the realm of design, real-world traffic data will be collected and processed, while a traffic database of urban buses will be established. Both an axle-based digital classification method and a model-based image classification method will be introduced to categorize unclassified vehicles. The updated vehicle class distributions and axle load distributions will serve as pivotal traffic inputs for pavement design. Regarding safety considerations, a model for two-semi-truck platooning will be developed to determine safe and optimal headways. Characteristics pertinent to semi-truck platoons will be outlined and discussed. Additionally, a series of laboratory and field tests will be conducted to assess the frictional properties and performance of aggregates and colored pavements, thereby refining roadway safety measures. In the realm of visual presentation, the Building Information Modeling (BIM) framework will be applied to convert, enrich, and extend a highway model. A BIM-centered repository will be created, amalgamating a wealth of information encompassing traffic specifics and project particulars into an integrated visual platform. Moreover, Open BIM processes will be implemented, streamlining the exchange of highway data and ensuring seamless compatibility of models. The results of this study can offer valuable insights to drive improvements in highway design, safety, and visual presentation throughout Indiana.</p>

Atualmente, o Brasil é o maior produtor de açúcar do mundo, com uma produção anual de 16,7 milhões de toneladas, onde a metade deste montante destina-se ao mercado externo. Nesse contexto, este trabalho tem o objetivo principal de investigar as principais alternativas de transporte existentes para o açúcar a granel de exportação, e propor estratégias que orientem os agentes envolvidos neste mercado a racionalizar seus custos de distribuição. São criados três grupos de cenários que representam as principais alternativas de transporte neste setor: o rodoviário porta-a-porta; o rodo-ferroviário com restrição de capacidade de embarque de açúcar; e um cenário de longo prazo de transporte rodo-ferroviário sem restrição de capacidade de embarque de açúcar. Em cada um desses grupos existe a opção de se transportar nos trechos rodoviários, tanto no porta-a-porta como nas pontas de acesso à ferrovia, com frota própria ou terceirizada. As tecnologias para frotas próprias investigadas nesse trabalho são as CVCs 2S3 e 3S3, geralmente utilizadas para o transporte do açúcar a granel, e as 3S2B2 e 3S3B3, as quais tem participações incipientes nesse mercado de transportes. A modelagem do problema leva em consideração os custos econômicos para a operação das frotas próprias e os valores de fretes cobrados para o setor tanto no modo rodoviário, como no ferroviário. Esses modelos agregados são simulados com auxílio de um sistema de informação geográfica e de planilhas eletrônicas. Ao final, conclui-se que no transporte rodoviário porta-a-porta, embora existam vantagens econômicas na operação das novas CVCs, nenhuma alternativa de frota própria mostra-se mais viável que a contratação de frota terceirizada no mercado. As análises no modo rodo-ferroviário mostram que este é mais atraente do que o rodoviário porta-a-porta para o mercado de exportação de açúcar, mesmo quando a operação tem restrições de capacidade. Numa operação hipotética sem restrições de capacidade, os ganhos econômicos gerados são da ordem 5,3% sobre a alternativa rodo-ferroviária com restrição da ferrovia para embarque de açúcar. Sugere-se a realização de uma investigação dos custos de investimento na infra-estrutura e material rodante necessários para eliminar as restrições de capacidade para este mercado. / Brazil is today the largest sugar producer of the world, with an annual production of 16,7 milion tons, where half of this amount is directed to be export market. In this context, the study has the main objective to investigate the transport alternatives for bulk sugar export and to propose strategies to the market agents involved in rationalizing the distribution costs. Three groups of scenarios are created to represent the main transportation alternatives in this sector: the door-to-door road transport; the constrained capacity road-railroad intermodal transport; and a long-term unconstrained capacity road-railroad intermodal scenario. For each of these scenarios the option of the road transport, either in the door-to-door operation or in the accesses to the railroad, with proprietary or third party fleets is investigated. The technologies for proprietary fleets considered in this investigation are the 2S3 and 3S3 combinations, generally used at present for the bulk sugar transportation, as well as the 3S2B2 and 3S3B3 LCVs, which have an incipient participation in this transportation market. The modeling considers the economic costs for the proprietary fleet operations and current freight values charged for road and rail in the bulk sugar transport sector in the region selected for the case study for the third party operation. The aggregate cost models are simulated with the support of a geographic information system and electronic spreadsheets. It is concluded that in the door-to-door road transport, even considering the economic advantages of the new LCVs technologies, none of the proprietary fleet alternatives are more cost effective than contracting third party fleets in the market. The railroad alternatives show that this alternative is more attractive than the door-to-door road transport, even considering the constraints in operating capacity. An hypothetical operation with unconstrained capacity is presented, showing that the economic gains of this alternative are in the order of 5,3% better than the best constrained capacity alternative. A suggestion to conduct an investigation on the investment costs necessary to eliminate infrastructure and rolling stock capacity constrains on the railroad network is presented.