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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Aplicação da teoria de análise de rede social e proposta de um esquema conceitual para desenvolvimento de uma infraestrutura de dados espaciais para transporte rodoviário de produtos perigosos. / Applications of the theory social network analysis and propose of a conceptual scheme of a spatial data infrastructures to road transportation of dangerous goods.

Silva, Janaina Bezerra 10 December 2013 (has links)
Os dados espaciais têm sido utilizados para o monitoramento ambiental de consequências de acidentes com produtos químicos no transporte de produtos perigosos. A Infraestrutura de Dados Espaciais (IDE), que foi criada para a disponibilização e uso de dados espaciais, esbarra na ausência de políticas para dar suporte a essa realização. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é explorar o uso da teoria de Análise de Rede Social (ARS) para diagnosticar a articulação entre as organizações do setor, e discutir as políticas e acordos institucionais vigentes e criar um esquema conceitual de uma IDE para gerenciamento de acidentes relacionados ao Transporte Rodoviário de Produtos Perigosos (TRPP). Neste contexto, esta pesquisa identificou as instituições que tratam do tema TRPP, para que informações sobre o interesse no uso e compartilhamento de dados espaciais através de uma IDE pudessem ser coletadas através de entrevistas, e desta forma, consolidadas. As entrevistas foram aplicadas de forma presencial em 39 instituições. A aplicação da teoria Análise de Rede Social (ARS) pôde diagnosticar o fluxo dos dados entre as instituições através da representação gráfica das redes de disponibilização e utilização de dados espaciais entre as organizações participantes. A partir de então, foram analisados e discutidos os acordos vigentes para compartilhamento de dados espaciais. Os resultados compilados permitiram propor um esquema conceitual de uma IDE para apoio a desastres envolvendo o TRPP, para, então, prover a elaboração de metodologia para o suporte ao diagnóstico da articulação entre os diversos atores de uma IDE. A finalidade é a possível a formulação de políticas para disponibilização de dados espaciais para tomada de decisões preventivas e de enfrentamento de desastres. Os resultados indicaram que as 39 instituições compartilham dados espaciais entre si, ainda que nem sempre por acordos formais preestabelecidos. Constatou-se ainda que há um grande anseio por parte das instituições que fazem o gerenciamento de acidentes envolvendo o TRPP para que haja mecanismos legais para compartilhamento de dados estruturantes para planejamento territorial - para que o uso desses dados possa auxiliar na preparação, prevenção, gerenciamento e socorro imediato aos incidentes que envolvem o TRPP. / Spatial data have been used for environmental monitoring of chemical accidents on the road transportation of dangerous goods. The Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) has been created to availability and use of spatial data, however, it emphasizes that there are no policies to support this realization. The main aim of this work is to create a conceptual scheme of a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) for management of transport of Dangerous Goods by road, focusing on the political context. It was identified the institutions that deal with the subject of road transportation of hazardous materials, Moreover the interviews could be consolidated. The interviews were administered by face, in 39 institutions. Interview data were ran in software UCINET, 2000 to obtain metrics related to centrality measures. The application of the theory of Social Network Analysis (ARS) could recognize the flow of data between institutions through the enrolled institutions. Furthermore, it was analyzed the network availability and use aspects of spatial data sharing between the organizations. Besides, the compiled results allowed to propose a conceptual scheme of a SDI to support technological disasters with road transportation of hazardous materials throw the SNA theory applied to investigation of spatial data sharing between different stakeholders to make prevention and risk management of the sector. Therefore, the analysis of the theory of Social Network Analysis (ARS) found that 39 (thirty-nine) institutions share spatial data between themselves, but not always in formal agreements previously established. It was further observed that there is a great desire on the part of the institutions that make the management of the accidents of this kind of transportation mode, so there are legal frameworks for data sharing for land cover uses, as a result the use of such data can be shared between different stakeholders to assist the preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery from incidents related to road dangerous goods transportation.
22

Planejamento estratégico no setor do transporte rodoviário de cargas: a proposta de um quadro referencial

Silva, Max Roberto da 31 January 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-07-09T17:28:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Max Roberto da Silva.pdf: 2364743 bytes, checksum: 3abbb691b2fc1672d72997a62b8d9213 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-09T17:28:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Max Roberto da Silva.pdf: 2364743 bytes, checksum: 3abbb691b2fc1672d72997a62b8d9213 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-31 / Nenhuma / O segmento de transporte rodoviário de cargas se caracteriza pela competição acirrada, devido ao excesso de oferta de transportadores, ocasionada pelas baixas barreiras de entrada, fatores que contribuem para que as empresas do setor tenham uma baixa rentabilidade. Esta dissertação de mestrado tem por objetivo propor um quadro referencial no processo de planejamento e gestão estratégica para utilização por empresas do segmento de transporte rodoviário de cargas. Inicialmente, foram realizadas entrevistas com profissionais de empresas do setor para identificar as ferramentas de gestão e planejamento estratégico que essas empresas utilizam. Após, buscou-se identificar as características do setor com o objetivo de verificar ferramentas de gestão e planejamento estratégico que possuem maior aderência ao setor para a composição do quadro referencial. Analisando-se as ferramentas utilizadas pelas empresas pesquisadas, observou-se que essas empresas utilizam ferramentas tradicionais e consolidadas de gestão e planejamento estratégico, que não privilegiam a busca pela inovação de valor em suas propostas. Com a análise realizada nas empresas pesquisadas do setor, identificou-se a importância da utilização no processo de gestão e planejamento estratégico de ferramentas que propiciem inovação em seus modelos de negócios para que as empresas consigam diferenciar-se da concorrência na busca de novos mercados, de novas demandas e de novas ofertas de valor. A partir deste diagnóstico, utilizando-se um conjunto de ferramentas tradicionais e já conhecidas pelas empresas e de ferramentas que propiciam e privilegiam os processos de inovação de valor, propôs-se o quadro referencial de gestão e planejamento estratégico para empresas do segmento de transporte rodoviário de cargas. Este quadro referencial foi submetido a especialistas do setor e avaliado por esses em um processo de análise crítica, cujos resultados foram satisfatórios, reforçando a pertinência e validade do quadro referencial como elemento condutor para a inovação de valor nas empresas do transporte rodoviário de cargas. / The road transportation segment is characterized by fierce competition due to oversupply of carriers caused by low entry barriers, factors that contribute for the companies operating in this sector to have low profitability. The objective of this master’s dissertation is to propose a benchmark in the planning process as well as the strategic management to be eventually utilized by cargo transportation companies. At first, interviews were conducted with the industry professionals to identify which management and strategic planning tools such companies utilize. Then we attempted to identify the characteristics of the sector in order to identify which management and strategic planning tools have greater adherence to the sector in order to create the benchmark. When such tools utilized by the interviewed companies were analyzed it was noted that the companies utilize traditional and consolidated management and strategic planning tools and do not look for value innovation in their environments. With such analysis we noticed the importance to utilize tools in the companies’ management and strategic planning processes that lead to innovation in their business models, in order for such companies to gain a differential in relation to their competition when searching for new markets, new demands and new value offers. From such diagnosis, by utilizing a traditional set of tools already utilized by most companies as well as new tools that provide and privilege the value innovation processes, a benchmark for management and strategic planning for companies in the road transportation sector was proposed. This benchmark was submitted to and evaluated by industry specialists in a review process, which results were satisfactory, reinforcing the relevance and validity of the benchmark as conductive frame of reference to value innovation in enterprises of road cargo transportation.
23

MODELING EMERGING APP-BASED TAXI SERVICES: INTERACTIONS OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Wenbo Zhang (5930480) 17 January 2019 (has links)
<div>The app-based taxi services (ATS) has disrupted the traditional (street-hailing) taxi services (TTS) leading to transformative changes in the urban taxi markets and its impacts on mobility, design and environment. However, the current modeling of these new mobility markets is limited in its understanding of: (1) the underlying factors that influence the growth of the ATS market; (2) the competition of ATS and TTS markets; (3) pricing in the ATS market; (4) system wide tools to understand the impacts of the market. The overarching goal of this dissertation is to address four fundamental processes of taxi system, ranging from demand generation, supply generation and exiting, dynamic pricing generation, and vehicle-passenger matching over road network. This dissertation achieves these goals by using original large scale datasets to characterize disruptive changes in mobility, understand strategic behaviors of stakeholders, and formulate system dynamics.</div><div> </div><div>This dissertation develops various modeling structures and estimation methods, motivated from statistical, econometric, machine learning, and stochastic approaches. First, we adapt multiple econometric models for demand, supply, and platform-exiting (offline) behaviors, including mixture model of spatial lag and Poisson regression and mixture model of spatial lag and panel regression. It is apparent that all proposed econometric models should be corrected with spatial lag due to significant spatial autocorrelations. The results indicate effectiveness of dynamic pricing in controlling demand, however, it also shows no impacts on driver's online and offline behaviors. Then a dynamic pricing generation problem is formulated with multi-class classification. This model is empirically validated for the impacts of demand and supply in dynamic price generation and the significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Last, we propose a queueing network consisting of taxi service queues for vehicle-passenger matching and road service queue for vehicle movements at homogeneous spatial units. The method captures stochasticity in vehicle-passenger matching process, and more importantly, formulates the interactions with urban road traffic.</div><div> </div><div>In summary, this dissertation provides a holistic understanding of fundamental processes that govern the rapid rise in ATS markets and in developing quantitative tools for the system wide impacts of this evolving taxi markets. Taken together, these tools are transformative and useful for city agencies to make various decisions in the smart mobility landscape. </div>
24

Distribuição modal rodo-ferroviária em uma rede de exportação de açúcar a granel para o Porto de Santos / Railroad distribution at a bulk sugar exportation network to the port of Santos

Vitor Borges da Silva 26 April 2005 (has links)
Atualmente, o Brasil é o maior produtor de açúcar do mundo, com uma produção anual de 16,7 milhões de toneladas, onde a metade deste montante destina-se ao mercado externo. Nesse contexto, este trabalho tem o objetivo principal de investigar as principais alternativas de transporte existentes para o açúcar a granel de exportação, e propor estratégias que orientem os agentes envolvidos neste mercado a racionalizar seus custos de distribuição. São criados três grupos de cenários que representam as principais alternativas de transporte neste setor: o rodoviário porta-a-porta; o rodo-ferroviário com restrição de capacidade de embarque de açúcar; e um cenário de longo prazo de transporte rodo-ferroviário sem restrição de capacidade de embarque de açúcar. Em cada um desses grupos existe a opção de se transportar nos trechos rodoviários, tanto no porta-a-porta como nas pontas de acesso à ferrovia, com frota própria ou terceirizada. As tecnologias para frotas próprias investigadas nesse trabalho são as CVCs 2S3 e 3S3, geralmente utilizadas para o transporte do açúcar a granel, e as 3S2B2 e 3S3B3, as quais tem participações incipientes nesse mercado de transportes. A modelagem do problema leva em consideração os custos econômicos para a operação das frotas próprias e os valores de fretes cobrados para o setor tanto no modo rodoviário, como no ferroviário. Esses modelos agregados são simulados com auxílio de um sistema de informação geográfica e de planilhas eletrônicas. Ao final, conclui-se que no transporte rodoviário porta-a-porta, embora existam vantagens econômicas na operação das novas CVCs, nenhuma alternativa de frota própria mostra-se mais viável que a contratação de frota terceirizada no mercado. As análises no modo rodo-ferroviário mostram que este é mais atraente do que o rodoviário porta-a-porta para o mercado de exportação de açúcar, mesmo quando a operação tem restrições de capacidade. Numa operação hipotética sem restrições de capacidade, os ganhos econômicos gerados são da ordem 5,3% sobre a alternativa rodo-ferroviária com restrição da ferrovia para embarque de açúcar. Sugere-se a realização de uma investigação dos custos de investimento na infra-estrutura e material rodante necessários para eliminar as restrições de capacidade para este mercado. / Brazil is today the largest sugar producer of the world, with an annual production of 16,7 milion tons, where half of this amount is directed to be export market. In this context, the study has the main objective to investigate the transport alternatives for bulk sugar export and to propose strategies to the market agents involved in rationalizing the distribution costs. Three groups of scenarios are created to represent the main transportation alternatives in this sector: the door-to-door road transport; the constrained capacity road-railroad intermodal transport; and a long-term unconstrained capacity road-railroad intermodal scenario. For each of these scenarios the option of the road transport, either in the door-to-door operation or in the accesses to the railroad, with proprietary or third party fleets is investigated. The technologies for proprietary fleets considered in this investigation are the 2S3 and 3S3 combinations, generally used at present for the bulk sugar transportation, as well as the 3S2B2 and 3S3B3 LCVs, which have an incipient participation in this transportation market. The modeling considers the economic costs for the proprietary fleet operations and current freight values charged for road and rail in the bulk sugar transport sector in the region selected for the case study for the third party operation. The aggregate cost models are simulated with the support of a geographic information system and electronic spreadsheets. It is concluded that in the door-to-door road transport, even considering the economic advantages of the new LCVs technologies, none of the proprietary fleet alternatives are more cost effective than contracting third party fleets in the market. The railroad alternatives show that this alternative is more attractive than the door-to-door road transport, even considering the constraints in operating capacity. An hypothetical operation with unconstrained capacity is presented, showing that the economic gains of this alternative are in the order of 5,3% better than the best constrained capacity alternative. A suggestion to conduct an investigation on the investment costs necessary to eliminate infrastructure and rolling stock capacity constrains on the railroad network is presented.
25

Přepravy nebezpečných látek na území České republiky / Transport of Dangerous Substances in the Czech Republic

VANDAS, David January 2014 (has links)
The topic of the diploma written assignment is "Transport of Dangerous Substances in the Czech Republic" and it was chosen for elaboration of the wholesome view on the road, train, ship and plane transportation of the hazardous materials and mixtures. These transportations represent a possible risk of damage to life, health, property or environment for the society. Hazardous materials and mixtures nowadays are being transported in large measures and there is an assumption in the future that the volume of the transported hazardous materials and mixtures will increase. For elaboration of this written assignment three hypothesis were given: a) Legal regulations of the European Union and the Czech Republic solve the problematic of the transportation of hazardous materials and mixtures well enough. b) The public has enough information about the transportation of the hazardous chemical substances or mixtures. c) People that work in the field of the transportation of hazardous materials or mixtures are well informed about the transportation of hazardous chemical substances or mixtures. For determining whether the legal regulations solve the problematic of the transportation of hazardous materials and mixtures well enough the literary sources which deal with this issue, legal regulations of the Czech Republic and the European Union and other international agreements were used. After working through these sources it was found out that the international, the EU and Czech legal regulations or agreements solve this issue well enough and emphasis is given on convergence of legal regulations of all transportations. Implementation of international agreements and legal regulations of the European Union into the legal regulations of the Czech Republic happens in the present time very fast and without failures. For figuring out the awareness of the public and awareness of the people working in the field of the transportation of hazardous materials and mixtures for the diploma written assignment on the topic of "The Transportation of Hazardous Materials and Mixtures on the Territory of the Czech Republic" there was a quantitative research made. The quantitative research was made with the help of handed out questionnaires. The public was represented by the employees of the Regional Municipalities of the Czech Republic. Both of the groups were given the same questionnaires. The results of the questionnaire research were evaluated, expressed in percentage and statistically assessed. For the statistical assessment the double selection T-test was used to find out whether the difference between the assessed groups is statistically important. People working in the transportation of hazardous substances and mixtures have sufficient information which was confirmed by the questionnaire research. By the made statistical assessment it was found out that the difference between the groups is statistically significant and so the public does not have sufficient information related to the transportation of hazardous substances and mixtures. Due to the results of the questionnaire research and mainly that the hypothesis b) - The public has enough information about the transportation of hazardous chemical substances or mixtures was not confirmed. In the conclusion of the written assignment there are a couple of suggestions for improvement of the awareness of the public. For example as a part of education at primary and high schools and training schools where this education is already running as a part of The Protection of Human during Incidents. This education has been going on since 2003. And that is why the older people in the public are not well met with this issue and they should be introduced to it by for example a media campaign by means of short TV spots on public television channels or by means of spots that already the Independent BESIP Department of the Ministry of Transportation makes up. These spots are called Besipky.
26

Aplicação da teoria de análise de rede social e proposta de um esquema conceitual para desenvolvimento de uma infraestrutura de dados espaciais para transporte rodoviário de produtos perigosos. / Applications of the theory social network analysis and propose of a conceptual scheme of a spatial data infrastructures to road transportation of dangerous goods.

Janaina Bezerra Silva 10 December 2013 (has links)
Os dados espaciais têm sido utilizados para o monitoramento ambiental de consequências de acidentes com produtos químicos no transporte de produtos perigosos. A Infraestrutura de Dados Espaciais (IDE), que foi criada para a disponibilização e uso de dados espaciais, esbarra na ausência de políticas para dar suporte a essa realização. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é explorar o uso da teoria de Análise de Rede Social (ARS) para diagnosticar a articulação entre as organizações do setor, e discutir as políticas e acordos institucionais vigentes e criar um esquema conceitual de uma IDE para gerenciamento de acidentes relacionados ao Transporte Rodoviário de Produtos Perigosos (TRPP). Neste contexto, esta pesquisa identificou as instituições que tratam do tema TRPP, para que informações sobre o interesse no uso e compartilhamento de dados espaciais através de uma IDE pudessem ser coletadas através de entrevistas, e desta forma, consolidadas. As entrevistas foram aplicadas de forma presencial em 39 instituições. A aplicação da teoria Análise de Rede Social (ARS) pôde diagnosticar o fluxo dos dados entre as instituições através da representação gráfica das redes de disponibilização e utilização de dados espaciais entre as organizações participantes. A partir de então, foram analisados e discutidos os acordos vigentes para compartilhamento de dados espaciais. Os resultados compilados permitiram propor um esquema conceitual de uma IDE para apoio a desastres envolvendo o TRPP, para, então, prover a elaboração de metodologia para o suporte ao diagnóstico da articulação entre os diversos atores de uma IDE. A finalidade é a possível a formulação de políticas para disponibilização de dados espaciais para tomada de decisões preventivas e de enfrentamento de desastres. Os resultados indicaram que as 39 instituições compartilham dados espaciais entre si, ainda que nem sempre por acordos formais preestabelecidos. Constatou-se ainda que há um grande anseio por parte das instituições que fazem o gerenciamento de acidentes envolvendo o TRPP para que haja mecanismos legais para compartilhamento de dados estruturantes para planejamento territorial - para que o uso desses dados possa auxiliar na preparação, prevenção, gerenciamento e socorro imediato aos incidentes que envolvem o TRPP. / Spatial data have been used for environmental monitoring of chemical accidents on the road transportation of dangerous goods. The Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) has been created to availability and use of spatial data, however, it emphasizes that there are no policies to support this realization. The main aim of this work is to create a conceptual scheme of a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) for management of transport of Dangerous Goods by road, focusing on the political context. It was identified the institutions that deal with the subject of road transportation of hazardous materials, Moreover the interviews could be consolidated. The interviews were administered by face, in 39 institutions. Interview data were ran in software UCINET, 2000 to obtain metrics related to centrality measures. The application of the theory of Social Network Analysis (ARS) could recognize the flow of data between institutions through the enrolled institutions. Furthermore, it was analyzed the network availability and use aspects of spatial data sharing between the organizations. Besides, the compiled results allowed to propose a conceptual scheme of a SDI to support technological disasters with road transportation of hazardous materials throw the SNA theory applied to investigation of spatial data sharing between different stakeholders to make prevention and risk management of the sector. Therefore, the analysis of the theory of Social Network Analysis (ARS) found that 39 (thirty-nine) institutions share spatial data between themselves, but not always in formal agreements previously established. It was further observed that there is a great desire on the part of the institutions that make the management of the accidents of this kind of transportation mode, so there are legal frameworks for data sharing for land cover uses, as a result the use of such data can be shared between different stakeholders to assist the preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery from incidents related to road dangerous goods transportation.
27

Uplatnění mezinárodní silniční přepravy v rámci aktivit zasílatelské firmy Transforwarding a.s. / Use of international freight road transportation within forwarding company Transforwarding a.s.

Průchová, Nikola January 2011 (has links)
The goal of this diploma thesis is to give a comprehensive overview about the use of international freight road transportation within forwarding company Transforwarding a.s. and also to suggest suitable solution for their future system of organizing international freight road transportation within a new area.
28

On the electrification of road transportation – A review of the environmental, economic, and social performance of electric two-wheelers

Weiss, Martin, Dekker, Peter, Moro, Alberto, Scholz, Harald, Patel, Martin K. 11 November 2020 (has links)
Electrification is widely considered as a viable strategy for reducing the oil dependency and environmental impacts of road transportation. In pursuit of this strategy, most attention has been paid to electric cars. However, substantial, yet untapped, potentials could be realized in urban areas through the large-scale introduction of electric two-wheelers. Here, we review the environmental, economic, and social performance of electric two-wheelers, demonstrating that these are generally more energy efficient and less polluting than conventionally-powered motor vehicles. Electric two-wheelers tend to decrease exposure to pollution as their environmental impacts largely result from vehicle production and electricity generation outside of urban areas. Our analysis suggests that the price of e-bikes has been decreasing at a learning rate of 8%. Despite price differentials of 5000 ± 1800 EUR2012 kW h−1 in Europe, e-bikes are penetrating the market because they appear to offer an apparent additional use value relative to bicycles. Mid-size and large electric two-wheelers do not offer such an additional use value compared to their conventional counterparts and constitute niche products at price differentials of 700 ± 360 EUR2012 kW−1 and 160 ± 90 EUR2012 kW−1, respectively. The large-scale adoption of electric two-wheelers can reduce traffic noise and road congestion but may necessitate adaptations of urban infrastructure and safety regulations. A case-specific assessment as part of an integrated urban mobility planning that accounts, e.g., for the local electricity mix, infrastructure characteristics, and mode-shift behavior, should be conducted before drawing conclusions about the sustainability impacts of electric two-wheelers.
29

Sustainable Supply Chain Management through the integration of IoT: Road Transportation

Al-Majidi, Samsul Alam January 2022 (has links)
Traditional transport companies usually focus on achieving economies of scale in supply chain management. At the same time, the managers of transport companies aiming to achieve sustainability often do not consider the barriers needed to overcome to achieve a sustainable supply chain. However, due to the increasing demand for sustainable products and business methods, sustainable supply chain management increasingly plays a crucial role in changing and diverting the focus on environmental, social and economic impact. Transport companies around the globe are increasingly aiming to reduce carbon emissions and eliminate biodiversity loss. The sustainability issues with transport in supply chain management have been a critical field of research for decades, and with the integration of technology, new ways of achieving sustainability are possible. This thesis analyses a phenomenon using multiple cases to investigate the barriers transport companies face to adopting IoT. Also, it deals with how communication service providers might be able to offer solutions to the barriers presented in this thesis.  A qualitative method has been used to approach the research topic. The findings will represent the ways of achieving a more efficient and sustainable supply chain, particularly in the transport sector. Interviews were conducted with multiple industry experts. The study aims to identify the barriers to adopting IoT, which can create a sustainable supply chain for transport companies. The results emphasise the barriers transport companies have to deal with internally and externally. Internally a company might struggle to strategise an infrastructural investment, train the existing workforce, and collaborate knowledge share among different departments. Externally, transport companies or communication service providers (CSP) will face limited resources, stakeholders' investment in the IoT ecosystem, demand for IoT and sustainable supply chain, privacy issues, compatibility issues and lack of skilled labour.
30

<b>Enhancing Highway Safety and Construction Quality Control Through Friction-Based Approaches</b>

Jieyi Bao (19180027) 19 July 2024 (has links)
<p dir="ltr">Pavement friction is fundamental to the safety of road networks. A precise assessment of friction levels is essential for the strategic development of maintenance practices and policies by state highway agencies. Typically, assessments of pavement friction have been conducted individually, focusing on particular segments of roadways. Nevertheless, this approach does not offer a thorough evaluation of roadway friction conditions at the network level. This study combines the Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) and the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) to evaluate the ratings of pavement friction throughout the entire state’s road system. A dataset oriented towards safety, serving as input for clustering models across various data dimensions, has been established. Through comparative and statistical analyses, six friction performance ratings have been identified and subsequently validated. The findings not only facilitate a deeper comprehension of the interrelations among friction levels, crash impact, and additional factors impacting safety, but also provide substantial insights for the advancement of road safety, management, and development.</p><p dir="ltr">Pavement markings play an essential role in regulating traffic flow and improving traffic safety. Beyond facilitating road safety via visual cues to drivers, the frictional properties of pavement marking surfaces are a pivotal element in safeguarding roadway safety. However, the friction characteristics of pavement marking surfaces have not been sufficiently investigated. Additionally, the integration of glass beads or other particles with pavement markings to enhance reflectivity and retroreflectivity complicates the study of their friction properties compared to bare pavements. To tackle these problems, this research utilizes the British pendulum tester (BPT), the circular track meter (CTM), the dynamic friction tester (DFT), and the three-wheel polishing device (TWPD) to evaluate the friction performance of various pavement markings. Eighteen specimen groups, comprising six types of markings (i.e., waterborne paint, preformed tape, epoxy paint, polyurea paint, MMA paint, and thermoplastics) with various glass beads and particles, were investigated to assess their impact on dry and wet friction, mean profile depth (MPD), and durability. The outcomes of this study serve as valuable resources for advancing safety measures and providing insights into emerging traffic management technologies.</p><p dir="ltr">Currently, there is an absence of established standards or methods for assessing and evaluating the friction characteristics of road markings. This lack of standardization has a pronounced impact on vulnerable road users-motorcyclists, bicyclists, and pedestrians-due to the potential for inadequate friction from road markings. To address the problem, this study has developed five friction levels based on the wet British pendulum number (BPN). Leveraging international standards and practical considerations, a tentative BPN range is advocated for crosswalks, symbols, and letters to enhance the safety of pedestrians and other susceptible road users.</p><p dir="ltr">Friction metrics, like MPD and friction number (FN), have been central to enhancing quality assurance and control (QA/QC) processes in chip seals. These metrics evaluate chip seal performance by examining problems such as aggregate shedding or significant bleeding, potentially leading to lower friction values or surface textures. However, instead of leading to slippery conditions, the loss of aggregate-particularly as a consequence of snow-plow operations-may result in the formation of uneven surface textures. The relationship between increased MPD or FN and enhanced chip seal quality is complex and not easily defined. This study introduces a groundbreaking method utilizing machine learning techniques, designed to improve the QC procedure for chip seals. A hybrid anomaly detection approach was applied to a dataset consisting of 183,794 MPD measurements, each representing the average mean segment depth (MSD) over 20-meter segments, gathered from real-world chip seal projects throughout the six districts managed by INDOT. A two-phase QC process, specifically tailored for chip seal quality assessment, has been developed. Validation analysis performed on four chip seal projects shows a strong concordance between field inspection, friction measurements, and the results predicted using the introduced approach. The developed method sets a foundational chip seal QC procedure, augmenting efficiency in acceptance processes and overall safety through data-driven techniques, while reducing the practitioners' time on site.</p><p dir="ltr">Surpassing the constraints of traditional approaches, this paper develops a series of scientific methodologies for evaluating friction on pavement and pavement marking surfaces through extensive in-field and laboratory experiments. Additionally, it establishes rational and efficient quality control procedures for chip-seal applications. The methodologies and conclusions presented in this paper can assist engineers in Departments of Transportation (DOTs) with ensuring the safety of all stakeholders, including road users, engineers, and construction practitioners. Furthermore, they offer valuable insights for the timely execution of road maintenance activities.</p>

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