[pt] Esta dissertação examina a atuação política dos jacobinos e o discurso veiculado através de seus jornais em circulação na cidade do Rio de Janeiro entre os anos de 1894 e 1897. A partir da identificação de suas idéias e propostas e da análise da construção e intensificação da oposição por parte destes militantes ao primeiro presidente civil da República, Prudente de Moraes, é nosso objetivo rever a historiografia produzida de modo a melhor qualificá-los durante a conjuntura de transição entre a presidência militar e a civil. Defendemos que o posicionamento oposicionista dos jacobinos a Prudente pode ser separado, analiticamente, em dois momentos distintos: um primeiro, durante o qual os jacobinos informaram as suas reivindicações nos licenciamentos e dissoluções graduais dos batalhões patrióticos, caracterizado pela defesa de seus interesses corporativos, e um segundo, marcado pelo temor à mudança, informado pelo ineditismo da atuação aglutinadora e atividade propagandista dos monarquistas restauradores, que entendiam contar com a condescendência de Prudente. A identificação das propostas dos jacobinos para o regime republicano, que em essência demandavam a conservação da situação militarista e beligerante deixada pelo Marechal Floriano Peixoto ao seu sucessor civil para que eles continuassem auferindo as recompensas e o reconhecimento por sua atividade como voluntários patriotas, permite-nos qualificá-los diferentemente de algumas caracterizações apresentadas sobre estes mesmos agentes em trabalhos historiográficos da década de 1980 que ainda são tomados como referência para o estudo do tema. / [en] This M.A. thesis focuses on the political demonstrations of the jacobinos and on their rhetoric in the City of Rio newspapers, from 1894 until 1897. By identifying their main ideas and proposals, and by analyzing their intense opposition against the first civilian president of the Republic, Prudente de Moraes, it is my goal to review the historiography hitherto produced in order to better characterize the jacobinos under this transition period from military to civilian order. I argue that jacobinos opposition to Prudente can be analytically divided into two different phases: an initial one, in which the jacobinos demonstrations went hand by hand with their fighting the dissolution of the patriotic battalions and of corporatist interests; and a second one, marked by their fear of change, in view of then wide propaganda and gathering of monarchists and restoration-driven individuals around Prudente. The jacobinos longed for the conservation of the militaryoriented policy and the war-like situation the civilian president inherited from his predecessor Floriano Peixoto. They wanted to keep the rewards and acknowledgements they benefited from, for joining the patriotic battalions. The identification of such jacobinos ideas and proposals for the Republican regime allow us to portrait them differently and, mainly, to question a few odd views about them which still prevail in the standard historiography from the 1980s to the present.

Comment une opposition partisane a pu s’implanter dans un jeu politique marqué par le régime de parti unique jusqu’à se faire concurrencer par des mouvements contestataires ? Aux confluents de la sociologie des partis et des mobilisations politiques, cette thèse se veut une étude de la formation de l’opposition à travers une analyse des oppositions militantes et partisanes telles que voulues et entretenues par les régimes présidentiels qui se sont succédés des années 70 à nos jours. Cette étude a montré que la formation de l’identité militante oppositionnelle est estampillée du modèle des partis politiques arrimés aux mouvements contestataires qui ont marqué la transformation du régime dès les années 80. Cette identité s’est accentuée après les années 2000 avec les transformations de l’opposition partisane concurrencée par d’autres identités qui se fraient un chemin dans le champ politique constitué des mouvements citoyen, religieux et juvénile.L’engagement des nouveaux entrants dans le champ politique aux identités multiples (citoyenne, intellectuelle et religieux) a bouleversé la donne oppositionnelle des partis politiques : Va-t-on vers un renouveau des mouvements d’opposition ou assiste-t-on à une crise de la représentation partisane de l’opposition ? Au plan théorique, ce travail plaide pour l’usage d’une approche sociologique de l’opposition pour rendre compte des logiques contestataires des acteurs partisans et non partisans qui structurent la vie politique et par ricochet les transformations des régimes présidentiels sénégalais. / How could a partisan opposition establish itself in a political game marked by the one-party regime in such a way as to be a challenge by protest movements? At The confluence of the sociology of political parties and political mobilizations, this thesis is a study of the formation of the opposition through an analysis of activist and partisan opposition, as intended and maintained by presidential regimes from the 70s to today. This study has shown that the formation of the opposition activist identity is stamped with the model of political parties tied to the protest movements that marked the transformation of the regime as of the 80s. This identity increased after 2000 transformations with partisan competition from other identities that make their way into the political arena consisting of citizens, religious and youth movements. The commitment of the new entrants into the political arena with multiple identities (civic, intellectual and religious) upset the situation of the oppositional political parties. Are we witnessing a revival of opposition movements or do we have a crisis of partisan representation of the opposition? At the theoretical level, this work advocates the use of a sociological approach to the opposition to account for the protest logic of partisan and non-partisan actors that shape the political life and as indirect result, the transformation of Senegalese presidential regimes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:28:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa de Maria Outtone Holanda.pdf: 1459550 bytes, checksum: 938a50be5adc50231a09f5c77a6cc87f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-02 / The present work analyzes the procedural aspects in actions relâted to filiation, in special those in which the objective is its establishment and opposition, conceming the reality of the filiation rights, introduced by the Brazilian Constitution and Civil Code in force nowadays. Apart from legislative changes, that reflected the social modifications revealing a new concept of family, the evolution of medicine, allowing the discovery of biological descendants by the ADN analyzes and artificial procreation revealed the need to be revisited the procedural aspects of such actions in arder to promote a systematization of the subject. Initially, it is presented the historical and legislative evolution of the Brazilian rights offiliation, as well as the ways of voluntary recognition ofnone-marital children and their main features. Just because the action of establishment and opposition of the filiation are in fact actions abolir the state of persons there are some features, in particular regarding res iudicata, that distinguishes from other actions. The deep analysis of the identified elements of each of these actions, beyond the applicable jurisdiction ruIes; the judgment and its effects on the patemity and maternity actions, defense of patemity; defense of the recognition; annulment of civil registry intends the elements of the substantive law to the procedural institutes available in the procedural law. In Suill, this work intents to demonstrare that the current Brazilian civil procedure provides the required elements to the full realization of the rights in discussion of those kind of actions, and it is possible that the rights arising from the filiation is safe, without aiming the security of legal relationships, according to the current procedurallaw / O presente trabalho analisa os aspectos processuais das ações relativas à filiação, em especial daquelas em que se objetiva o seu estabelecimento e a sua impugnação, à luz da nova realidade no direito de filiação, introduzida pela Constituição da República e pelo Código Civil vigente. Além das alterações legislativas, que refletiram as modificações sociais revelando um novo conceito de família, a evolução da medicina, permitindo a descoberta da ascendência biológica pela análise do DNA, e a procriação artificial demonstraram a necessidade de serem revisitados os aspectos processuais de tais ações com a intenção de promover uma sistematização da matéria. Apresenta-se, inicialmente, a evolução histórica e legislativa do direito de filiação no Brasil, as formas de reconhecimento voluntário dos filhos não-matrimoniais e as suas principais características. Justamente porque as ações de estabelecimento e de impugnação da filiação são verdadeiras ações de Estado, possuem peculiaridades, em especial no concernente à coisa julgada, que as diferenciam das demais ações. A aprofundada análise dos elementos identificadores de cada uma dessas ações, além das regras aplicáveis de competência, da sentença e seus efeitos nas investigatórias de paternidade e de maternidade, na contestação de paternidade, na impugnação ao reconhecimerlto e na anulação do registro civil, procura ajustar os elementos de direito material aos institutos processuais disponíveis na lei adjetiva. Procura-se demonstrar, com este estudo, que o processo civil brasileiro atual fornece os elementos necessários à plena realização dos direitos postos em jogo em demandas desse tipo, tomando absolutamente possível que os direitos decorrentes da filiação sejam assegurados, sem ferir a segurança jurídica, pelas regras processuais em vigor

O trabalho debruçou-se sobre os romances Philomena Borges (1884), O Cortiço (1890), ambos do escritor naturalista Aluísio Azevedo e A Silveirinha (1914), de Júlia Lopes de Almeida. O estudo da obra deteve-se na representação feminina das personagens Philomena, Pombinha e Silveirinha, focalizando o percurso gerativo do sentido, com ênfase nos temas e figuras, sob a luz da semiótica francesa, de matriz greimasiana. Observando a cena enunciativa das obras, algumas escritoras brasileiras mencionadas na imprensa do século XIX/XX e, posteriormente, catalogadas pelo grupo de estudos sobre a Mulher na Literatura (GT-Anpoll) foram selecionadas para compor o corpus de análise. A construção da cena teve a finalidade de evocar reflexões em torno do papel da mulher na sociedade carioca/brasileira (escritoras e interventoras sociais) do mesmo período, bem como assinalar a caracterização feminina da mulher de papel (personagens). Infiltrando-se neste universo, a pesquisa deteve-se nas oposições existentes entre a formação do discurso masculino e do feminino, pairando sobre a polêmica existente entre homens e mulheres. Na mesma perspectiva, a pesquisa se estendeu para a focalização do ethos dos autores (de um escritor e uma escritora) por meio dos enunciadores de suas produções. / The present work concentrates on the novels \"Philomena Borges\" (1884), \"O cortiço\" (1890), both by the writer and naturalist Aluísio Azevedo and \"A Silveirinha\" (1914) by Julia Lopes de Almeida. The study of the current work focuses on the representation of the female characters of Philomena, Pombinha and Silveirinha, following the route of the generative sense, giving importance to themes and figures under the light of the French semiotics of greimasian matrix. Observing the scene of the enunciation works, some Brazilian writers mentioned in the press of the XIX / XX centuries, and later cataloged by the Study Group on Women in Literature (GT-ANPOLL) were selected to compose the corpus of analysis. The construction of the scene was designed to evoke reflections on the role of women in society Rio / Brazil (writers and social interventionists) in the same period and report the characterization of female \"womans role\" (characters). Infiltrating this universe, the research is stopped in the oppositions between the formation of male and female speech, hovering about the controversy between men and women. In the same perspective, the research extended to the focus of the ethos of the authors (a male and a female writers) through the enunciators and their productions.

O trabalho debruçou-se sobre os romances Philomena Borges (1884), O Cortiço (1890), ambos do escritor naturalista Aluísio Azevedo e A Silveirinha (1914), de Júlia Lopes de Almeida. O estudo da obra deteve-se na representação feminina das personagens Philomena, Pombinha e Silveirinha, focalizando o percurso gerativo do sentido, com ênfase nos temas e figuras, sob a luz da semiótica francesa, de matriz greimasiana. Observando a cena enunciativa das obras, algumas escritoras brasileiras mencionadas na imprensa do século XIX/XX e, posteriormente, catalogadas pelo grupo de estudos sobre a Mulher na Literatura (GT-Anpoll) foram selecionadas para compor o corpus de análise. A construção da cena teve a finalidade de evocar reflexões em torno do papel da mulher na sociedade carioca/brasileira (escritoras e interventoras sociais) do mesmo período, bem como assinalar a caracterização feminina da mulher de papel (personagens). Infiltrando-se neste universo, a pesquisa deteve-se nas oposições existentes entre a formação do discurso masculino e do feminino, pairando sobre a polêmica existente entre homens e mulheres. Na mesma perspectiva, a pesquisa se estendeu para a focalização do ethos dos autores (de um escritor e uma escritora) por meio dos enunciadores de suas produções. / The present work concentrates on the novels \"Philomena Borges\" (1884), \"O cortiço\" (1890), both by the writer and naturalist Aluísio Azevedo and \"A Silveirinha\" (1914) by Julia Lopes de Almeida. The study of the current work focuses on the representation of the female characters of Philomena, Pombinha and Silveirinha, following the route of the generative sense, giving importance to themes and figures under the light of the French semiotics of greimasian matrix. Observing the scene of the enunciation works, some Brazilian writers mentioned in the press of the XIX / XX centuries, and later cataloged by the Study Group on Women in Literature (GT-ANPOLL) were selected to compose the corpus of analysis. The construction of the scene was designed to evoke reflections on the role of women in society Rio / Brazil (writers and social interventionists) in the same period and report the characterization of female \"womans role\" (characters). Infiltrating this universe, the research is stopped in the oppositions between the formation of male and female speech, hovering about the controversy between men and women. In the same perspective, the research extended to the focus of the ethos of the authors (a male and a female writers) through the enunciators and their productions.

Losses associated with turbulent flows dissipate a significant amount of generated energy. Such losses originate from the drag force, which is often described as the sum of the pressure drag and the friction drag. This thesis sets out to explore the hypothesis that passive wall motions driven by fluid mechanical forces are able to reduce the friction drag in fully developed turbulent boundary layers. Firstly, the streamwise and spanwise opposition controls proposed by Choi et al. (1994, Journal of Fluid Mechanics) are revisited to identify beneficial wall motions. Near-wall streamwise or spanwise velocity fluctuations are measured along a detection plane parallel to the wall (sensing). For streamwise control, the wall velocities are set to be equivalent to the measured streamwise velocity fluctuations, whereas for spanwise control, the wall velocities are set to have the same magnitude but opposite direction as the measured spanwise velocity fluctuations (actuation). Direct numerical simulations of canonical turbulent channel flows are carried out at low (Reτ ≈ 180) and intermediate (Reτ ≈ 1000) Reynolds numbers to quantify the effect of the distance between the wall and the detection plane. The investigation reveals the primary differences between the mechanisms underlying the two active in-plane controls. The modified flow features and turbulence statistics show that the streamwise control amplifies the most energetic streamwise velocity fluctuations and damps the near-wall vorticity fluctuations. In comparison, the spanwise control induces near-wall vorticity in order to counteract the quasi-streamwise vortices of the near-wall cycle and suppress turbulence production. Although, the working principles of the active controls are fundamentally different, both achieve drag reduction by mitigating momentum transfer between the velocity components. Secondly, two theoretical passive compliant wall models are proposed, the aim being to sustain beneficial wall motions identified by active flow control simulations. In the proposed models, streamwise or spanwise in-plane wall motions are governed by an array of independent one-degree-of-freedom damped harmonic oscillators. Unidirectional wall motions are driven by local streamwise or spanwise wall shear stresses. A weak coupling scheme is implemented to investigate the interaction between the compliant surface models and the turbulent flow in the channel by means of direct numerical simulations. A linear analytical solution of the coupled differential equation system is derived for laminar pulsatile channel flows allowing verification and validation of the numerical model. The obtained analytical solution is utilised to map the parameter space of the passive controls and estimate the effect of the wall motions. It is shown that depending on the control parameters, the proposed compliant walls decrease or increase the vorticity fluctuations at the wall similarly to the active controls. This is confirmed by direct numerical simulations. On the one hand, when the control parameters are chosen appropriately, the passive streamwise control damps the near-wall vorticity fluctuations and sustains the same drag reduction mechanism as the active streamwise control. This leads to modest, 3.7% and 2.3% drag reductions at low and intermediate Reynolds numbers. On the other hand, the spanwise passive control is not capable of increasing the near-wall vorticity fluctuations as dictated by the active spanwise control. For this reason, passive spanwise wall motions can increase the friction drag by more than 50%. The results emphasise the necessity of anisotropy for a practical compliant wall design. The present work demonstrates for the first time that passive wall motions can decrease friction drag in fully turbulent wall-bounded flows. The thesis sheds light on the working principle of an active streamwise control, and proposes a passive streamwise control exploiting the same drag reduction mechanism. An analytical model is developed to give a ready prediction of the statistical behaviour of passive in-plane wall motions. Whereas streamwise passive wall motions are found beneficial when the control parameters are chosen appropriately, solely spanwise passive wall motions lead to a drag penalty.

<p>Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka reformisternas kamp mot kommunister och syndikalister inom fackföreningsrörelsen. Materialet består av protokoll från LO-kongresserna 1922, 1926 och 1931. De slutsatser som dras är att reformisternas styrka ökat under perioden. Samtidigt har kommunisternas styrka minskat och inflytandet från syndikalisterna begränsats.</p><p>Det konstateras att samtidigt som maktförskjutning skett mellan grupperna reformister, kommunister och syndikalister så har LO som organisation förändrats. Detta avseende LO:s mål och syfte, synen på staten och parlamentarismen, centralism - decentralism och demokratin inom LO, samt förhållandet till partier och andra fackliga organisationer.</p><p>I undersökningen har även olika strategier som grupperna använde sig av iaktagits.</p>

Mineral projects in the global South have been subjected to increasing opposition, especially from adjacent communities, ultimately forcing some firms to abandon government-permitted and financially viable projects. Consequently, the mining literature has become saturated with prescriptions for firms seeking to engage with impacted communities. This literature is limited in that: it has primarily focused on conflict-ridden situations; the role of context has been largely ignored; and there has been little validation of what works and why. This thesis responds to these limitations through an assessment of the Canadian firm Kinross Gold at Paracatu, Brazil, where company-community relations have seemingly been healthy for years. Kinross has exerted considerable effort to engage with the community through several initiatives. While not all initiatives have been effective, community relations are strong, especially when compared to other foreign-owned mines in Latin America. However, Paracatu also boasts a diversified economy, and positive population and governance characteristics. This research shows that both context and company practice are important in determining company-community relations.

Au moment de sa création, en 1959, la Commission de la capitale nationale (CCN) a pour but d’intégrer les villes de Hull et d’Ottawa, cette union devant symboliser, plus largement, celle des deux peuples fondateurs du Canada. Or, ce projet a provoqué d’importants débats politiques à Hull au fil des années. En se voyant ainsi intégrée à la région de la capitale nationale (RCN), Hull perdait une partie de son autonomie. Cette thèse propose une étude de la CCN pendant la rénovation urbaine de l’Île de Hull des années 1960 et 1970 afin d’y cerner le rôle joué par le débat sur la question nationale. Il s’agit d’un élément moteur de l’action de la CCN. En fait, la question nationale se trouve à plusieurs niveaux de la problématique. Ce sujet peu exploré donne à cette recherche son originalité. En examinant les relations entre les acteurs de la revitalisation du centre-ville, soit la CCN, le conseil municipal de Hull, les regroupements citoyens et le gouvernement du Québec, la thèse opte pour une perspective à la fois politique, institutionnelle et sociale. Un jeu de pouvoir entre les paliers gouvernementaux prend place alors que Hull et Ottawa se disputent les investissements fédéraux. Les citoyens de l’Île de Hull s’engagent dans les assemblées citoyennes et y développent une conscience régionale qui tardait à s’affirmer.

The objective of this thesis is to analyze the authoritarian Karimov regime in post-Soviet Uzbekistan on a comprehensive basis and shed light on the domestic and international factors that has shaped this regime. The thesis consists of three main parts. The first part of the study defines the concepts of democracy and authoritarianism and provides the criteria to determine if a regime is democratic or authoritarian. The second part applies the theoretical framework developed in the first part to Uzbekistan. The third part deals with the factors that helped Karimov to strengthen his authoritarian rule in the country. The main argument of this study is that the incumbent leadership in Uzbekistan has failed to take steps to establish democracy in the country in post-Soviet period. The changes that were introduced proved to be only decorative, they lacked substance. The president of the country, Islam Karimov, has aimed at consolidating his own authority rather than establishing democracy and that his attempts to realize this aim resulted in the strengthening of executive branch in Uzbekistan at the expense of legislative and judiciary, silencing of the opposition forces, curtailment of the civil and political rights of the citizens, restriction of autonomy of civil society organizations and media.