Y-a-t-il une cohérence interne entre l'expérience vécue et la pensée politique chez Simone Weil ? Afin de ressaisir le questionnement de Simone Weil sur les conditions de possibilité de la liberté, notre recherche porte en premier lieu sur les critiques qu'elle a adressées aux théories philosophiques et politiques de Marx. Il s'agit donc tout autant d'analyser l'influence que Marx a pu avoir sur elle, que de prendre la mesure des écarts que sa critique l'a amenée à poser, et des principes philosophiques dont elle s'est servie à cet effet. Nous étudions, dans un deuxième temps, l'essence même du phénomène de l'oppression et à partir de là, nous dégageons quelques perspectives de la liberté individuelle et sociale, dans le sillage de ce que nous propose la philosophie. Y-a-t-il une cohérence de la ligne politique dans laquelle elle a voulu placer ses engagements sociaux et politiques pour répondre à ce problème ? Il convient pour nous, dans un troisième temps, de connaître et d'examiner le chemin qui l'a amenée à l'expérience religieuse et ce qu'elle a dit sur la connaissance surnaturelle comme la part indispensable pour rendre la vie sociale respirable. Comment concevoir la relation entre les deux expériences politique et religieuse chez elle ? Cette approche religieuse constitue-t-elle une ouverture à l'égard de sa critique politique ? / Is there an internal consistency between the experiences lived out by Simone Weil and her political thought ? In order to grasp her questioning of the conditions of the possibility of freedom, our search starts off with the critique which she wrote on the philosophical and political theories of Marx. It is therefore a matter of analysing the influence that Marx might have had on her, as well as studying the differences which her critique led her to present, and the philosophical principles of which she made use to this effect. One should secondly look at the very essence of the phenomenon of oppression, and hence gauge several perspectives on individual and social freedom, in the wake of what is proposed by this philosophy. Is there a consistency in the political line in which she wanted to place her social and political commitments in order to respond to this problem ? One should, thirdly, examine and get to know the path which led her to religious experience and what she said about supernatural knowledge as the essential component for leading a bearable social life. How do we conceive the relationship between both her religious and political experiences ? Does this approach constitute an opening with regards to her political critique ?

The purpose of this study is to examine the leaving process of girls, who have been exposed to honor-related violence and oppression, thereby creating knowledge to provide suitable and useful support for these women. The theories we have used in this study is shame, guilt and the process of role exit. In our qualitative study, content analysis is used as an analysis method. The study was conducted through analyses of five autobiographical stories written by women who have been exposed to honor-related violence and oppression in Sweden. The results of the study shows that Holmberg and Enanders (2011) theory of the leaving process isn’t designed and adapted to be applicable in an honorary context, which we with our study have contributed to make viable. Feelings of guilt and shame appear frequently in the women's stories. A conclusion we have drawn about honor related violence and oppression is that it is a complex phenomenon that is difficult to define, this result is in line with previous research.

This study aims to highlight the challenges and shortcomings that affect social work related to honor-based issues, which often result in individuals at risk of honor-based violence choosing to remain in oppressive situations, regardless of the consequences. We have conducted semi-structured interviews with social workers who address these problems in various professional roles, including social secretaries, counselors, foster homes, and organizations that work with preventive measures. Scientific articles, books, and reports were used in the study to gain deeper insight into the subject. The material was analyzed based on intersectionality, systems theory, and anomie theory to gain a more profound understanding of the subject from different perspectives. These perspectives help analyze the factors that contribute to honor-based violence and oppression, and how the interaction between these factors can reinforce honor norms in Sweden. The results reveal shortcomings in addressing honor-based problems, such as a lack of cooperation, knowledge, and interventions. These deficiencies, among other factors, restrict the opportunities for victims of honor-based violence to escape their destructive situations. The study also underscores limiting factors such as victims' low trust in authorities and insufficient long-term measures following a break-up. The segregation of ethnic groups in Sweden and its consequences is a recurring theme, focusing on how cultural distinctions and segregation can reinforce honor norms in society. The study also points out a lack of adequate strategies and sufficient knowledge about how to effectively address honor norms within schools and social work, often overshadowed by the fear of being accused of racism. A key conclusion is that more knowledge about the issue is needed, along with the development of interventions for non-emergency cases that are grounded in a deeper understanding of the cultural context. It is also essential that the stigma surrounding terms such as "honor culture" and "honor-related violence" be eliminated, promoting a more productive debate and dissemination of knowledge at different levels, among politicians, in social work, in schools, and among immigrants. Additionally, the study emphasizes the need to improve integration efforts.

The original purpose of this study was to answer the following research question: How do women and girls navigate the HIV/AIDS situation in Mozambique? I used constructivist grounded theory, combined with the African philosophy of Ubuntu, as the approach to guide this study. I sensitized myself theoretically with the critical feminist theory of intersectionality to ensure I recognized important data during my collection process. Because grounded theory studies are developed inductively from a corpus of data, and evolve as data collection takes place, I discovered that participants’ concerns went beyond HIV/AIDS and involved a bundle of oppressions. Therefore the problem that participants faced, at a broad conceptual level, was gender oppression. As a result, my study shifted slightly in that I aimed to understand how women and girls managed their lives in relation to gender oppression, how they become socialized into a context that systematically makes room for social and political dominance over them, how they cope with the manifestations of dominance, and how, if ever, they control the situational and characteristic realities of gender oppression. Consequently, I developed a grounded theory about how women and girls manage gender oppression in Mozambique. The basic social process in this theory is called Putting On and Taking Off the Capulana, which can be understood as how women and girls become socialized into gender oppression in Mozambique and how they inch their way out. The four main categories that comprise this theory include: (a) Putting On the Capulana, (b) Turning a Blind Eye, (c) Playing the Game, and (d) Taking Off the Capulana. Second level processes under Putting On the Capulana, for example, include processes such as Adapting to Patriarchy and Living with Violence, which demonstrate how women and girls navigate a context saturated in oppressions. Third level processes, such as being robbed of sexual self-determination and accepting inferiority, explain the consequences of these processes that women and girls are forced to live through. This is a theory, grounded in the data and privileging the voices of women and girls in Mozambique, that is reflective of a constructivist feminist approach and Ubuntu philosophy. I argue that this study provides a nuanced understanding of the complexity of gender oppression in Mozambique, which can assist in developing relevant and meaningful policy. / Graduate / 0569 / 0573 / 0733 / lntomm@uvic.ca

<p>The problem of violent oppression is a persistent one. Every regime - autocratic or democratic - has an obligation to prevent the violent oppression of its citizens. My dissertation "Good Arms and Good Laws: Machiavelli, Regime-Type, and Violent Oppression" uses Machiavelli's understanding of different regime-types and their political dynamics to explore the means by which democracies and autocracies alike can prevent violent oppression within their borders. My exploration produces a standard for praiseworthy political regimes and action, based on what Machiavelli identifies as the people's desire "not to be oppressed."</p><p>Machiavelli's analysis of this problem of political violence leads to the conclusion that all types of regimes are united in needing an interdependent, yet competitive political relationship between their leading political figure(s) and the people at large. Different kinds of regimes vary, however, in the roles that their primary political classes must play in order to prevent oppression within their borders. After using the Florentine Histories to identify the lines of thinking central to Machiavelli's work, in chapter 1 I turn to Machiavelli's discussion of the citizen-militia in The Art of War. In chapters 2 and 3, I detail Machiavelli's recommendations for praiseworthy principalities in the Prince, where Machiavelli actually exhorts princes to arm their people (chapter 2) while simultaneously crafting for them the political ethics for which the text is notorious (chapter 3). In Chapters 4 and 5, I detail Machiavelli's recommendations for praiseworthy republics in the Discourses on Livy, where Machiavelli charges the people with policing the elites that would engage in projects of oppression if left to their own devices (chapter 4) while simultaneously praising elites who help to create and maintain mechanisms of violence (chapter 5). Machiavelli's analysis compels us to recognize that it is the particulars of these interdependent, yet competitive relationships between the people and their leading political figure(s) that define a regime and that our praise of that regime ought not depend categorically on whether the people rule, but rather whether the a regime's political classes effectively cooperate to prevent violent oppression.</p> / Dissertation

In 2008 it was reported that there are approximately 28,258 internet users viewing pornography every second, and that men look at pornography online more than any other subject matter (Eberstadt 2009). Pornography has become a primary tool of sex education for young men (Bowater 2011) with the average age of first exposure being age 11 (Stefan 2012). However, research on viewer understanding and interpretation of the images is scarce. What are boys learning about sexuality as they watch pornography? Do they use pornography as a ‘how-to’ manual expressing a desire to mimic the onscreen act or do they use pornography as a general stimulant expressing a generalized pleasure, interpreting the act in alternative ways? The pro-pornography stance stresses the agency of the viewer, meaning the viewer has the ability to access a broad array of content creating a poly-semiotic or figurative experience. The anti-pornography stance stresses the agency of the industry, meaning the industry pushes a dominant design creating a mono-semiotic or literal experience. The purpose of this study is to look at how viewers of online pornography interpret what they see. By analyzing viewer comments sampled from free pornographic tube sites, this study seeks to understand the extent of viewer agency; do men interpret pornographic images literally or figuratively?

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

O desenvolvimento deste trabalho pautou-se em obras artísticas, engajadas politicamente, pertencentes ao macrossistema de Literaturas de língua portuguesa, a saber, uma Moçambicana: Um Rio chamado Tempo, uma Casa chamada Terra, de Mia Couto, e outra brasileira, Sombras de Reis Barbudos, de J.J. Veiga. A partir desse comparativismo entre os dois contextos, chegou-se a uma idéia do que é o fantástico contemporâneo, e procurou-se aprofundar o estudo sócio-cultural ressaltado nos conteúdos das duas obras. A temática \"opressão\" permitiu estudar as relações de poder e submissão entre as personagens das duas obras. Esta temática perpassou a análise crítico-literária fundamentando, filosoficamente, a atuação das personagens, reflexos muitas vezes da situação histórica vivenciada pelos autores. Semanticamente variada e polêmica, a palavra \"opressão\" prestou-se, nesta abordagem, a uma interpretação de possibilidade de um estudo sócio-cultural do momento em que as obras foram escritas, seguindo a linha filosófica desenvolvida pelo pensador alemão Sigmund Freud, no que se refere à interpretação do duplo. A pesquisa serviu-se de teóricos como Todorov, Caillois e Bessière, para a abordagem do gênero fantástico presente nas duas obras. Pelo fato de ter-se pesquisado toda a produção literária dos dois autores, sentiu-se a necessidade de citar outras obras, o que ajudou a estabelecer um diálogo entre as narrativas selecionadas e as demais obras dos dois escritores. Ao estudar as narrativas dos autores, pensou-se que fosse necessário uma inserção na história recente dos dois países cujo levantamento vem inserido nos anexos. Por não esquecer o contexto sócio-cultural da elaboração dos dois textos, é que a pesquisa espelha as circunstâncias históricas da época da criação das mesmas, sem deixar, contudo de perceber que a literatura vai além desse simples espelhar do real, pois a obra literária, além de dialogar com o mundo em que está inserida, dialoga com tempos e espaços outros que não os da realidade. A escolha desse tema se deu também pela indagação de ordem teórica, o que justifica a escolha do corpus, apresentado para estudo. / The development of this work is guided into artwork, politically engaged, belonging to the macrosystem of Literatures in English, namely, a Mozambican: A River called Tempo, a house call Earth, Mia Couto, and another Brazilian, Shadows of Kings Barbuda, from J.J. Veiga. From this comparative between the two contexts, it was an idea of what is the great contemporary, and tried to deepen the socio-cultural study highlighted in the contents of the two works. The theme oppression permitted to study the relationships of power and submission between the characters of the two works. This thematic been present throughout the literary-critical analysis reasons, philosophically, the actions of the characters, often reflected the historical situation experienced by the authors. Semantically varied and controversy, the word oppression is provided in this approach, the possibility of an interpretation of a study of socio-cultural moment in which the works were written, following the philosophical line developed by the German thinker Sigmund Freud, in refers to the interpretation of the double. The research was theoretical served as Todorov, Caillois and Bessière to the approach of gender in this fantastic two works. Because of having to be searched throughout the literature of the two authors, felt the need to quote other works, which helped to establish a dialogue between the narratives and other selected works of the two writers. By studying the narratives of the authors, it was thought it was a necessary insertion in the recent history of two countries whose survey is inserted in the annexes. Why not forget the socio-cultural context of the preparation of the two texts, is that the survey reflects the historical circumstances at the time of their creation, while, however, understand that the literature that goes beyond simple mirror of reality, because the literary work In addition to dialogue with the world around them, and argue with times and places other than the reality. The choice of this theme is also gave the theoretical question of order, hence the choice of the body, submitted for study

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T11:07:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSEFA MARTINS LOPES SAMPAIO.pdf: 596771 bytes, checksum: aee44f6e15c32406d33666e11c702b13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-26 / Is at work studying the trajectory of Myth and the Human Condition in tales of Via Sacra, and A Cidade do Ó cio, from Jose Mendonça Teles. It is part of our proposal to give special attention to the trajectory of the anonymous man in the city that smashes through violence, the mass, the eroticism, the consumerism and many other phenomena typical of this season. We will use mainly the phenomenological method, so we want to capture the philosophical lines inserted in the process established by the poetics of J.M.T. We want to analyze the characters in various aspects of types failed, individuals grinder, incompetent to live in the words of Mario de Andrade. We emphasize these fictitious beings created by the imbalance hypocrisy in marital relations, the search for meaning to life , the struggle for survival in a city whose doors are closed to those who have not had opportunities to carry the arsenal necessary to war for a good job; the anguish of those who wish to have loyalty to the values which were transmitted and at the same time, with no strength to resist the pleasure that life offers them (mainly the sex). All these factors become grounds to bring the characters to falling out with themselves, with others and the environment, polarized by antagonism Ethics and Pleasure, Pleasure and Punishment. We will focus on the long journey of the characters, they will journey into building (or destroying) the most diverse representations of themselves, according to the situations presented to them. We capture the species of oppression and adulteration that urban life is presenting the man in megacities (Goiania, specifically), in the process of metamorphosis from quiet provincials cities that are transformed into chaos embryos of contemporary society and modernity as Camus (1999 p.130) Living in a city is an art, the narrator therefore needs the vocabulary of art and style to create unique relationship between man and space that exists in the continuous creative interaction of urban life in Goiania. The style and art that is the prime objective of this work. / Consta deste trabalho o estudo da Trajetória do Mito e a Condição Humana nos contos de Via-Sacra e A Cidade do Ócio, de José Mendonça Teles. Faz parte de nossa proposta dar especial atenção ao percurso do homem anônimo na cidade que o esmaga, através da violência, da massificação, do erotismo, do consumismo e de muito outros males típicos desta época. Faremos uso principalmente do método fenomenológico, motivo por que pretendemos captar as linhas filosóficas inseridas no processo estabelecido pela poética de JMT. Pretendemos analisar os personagens em seus aspectos de tipos fracassados, indivíduos desfibrados, incompetentes para viver no dizer de Mário de Andrade. Ressaltaremos nesses seres fictícios o desequilíbrio gerado pela hipocrisia nas relações conjugais, a busca de sentido à vida , a luta pela sobrevivência numa cidade cujas portas estão fechadas àqueles que não tiveram oportunidades de se munirem do arsenal necessário à guerra por um bom emprego; a angústia daqueles que desejam ter fidelidade aos valores que lhes foram transmitidos e, ao mesmo tempo, sem forças para resistirem aos prazeres que a vida lhes oferece (principalmente o sexo). Todos esses fatores tornam-se motivos para levarem os personagens a se desentenderem com eles mesmos, com os outros e com o meio, polarizados pelo antagonismo Ética e Prazer, Prazer e Castigo. Daremos ênfase à longa caminhada dos personagens, percurso em que eles vão construindo (ou destruindo) as mais diversas representações deles mesmos, de acordo com as situações que se lhes apresentam. Buscaremos captar as espécies de opressão e descaracterização que a vida urbana vai apresentando ao homem nas megalópolis (Goiânia, especificamente), no processo de metamorfose de pacatas cidades províncias que se transformam em embriões do caos da sociedade contemporâneas e da modernidade , conforme Camus (1.999 p.130) Viver numa cidade é uma arte, o narrador precisa,pois, do vocabulário da arte e do Estilo para estabelecer essa relação peculiar entre homem e espaço que existe na contínua interação criativa da vida urbana em Goiânia. Esse estilo e essa arte são o objetivo maior deste trabalho.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T11:07:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TELMA MENDONCA LOURES.pdf: 412230 bytes, checksum: a183188e0187ee763e1ef60b8eb3a22b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-28 / In this research, it have become evident situations in which silence was determining to the characterization of the characters, their impetuous behavior, their insecurities, their fears, their social relations. In this silence, hidden interests are protected from those who, in a certain way, even if it was only for an instant, have taken the dominant position and the submission of the dominated. This paper aimed to point, to indicate the meanings of the silence in Bernardo Élis s tales, its importance as a way of expression of those who do not speak because they think it is not convenient to do so and of those who can not speak due to the force of the State s apparatuses. Althusser s concepts about the ideological state apparatuses and Orlandi s concepts about the ways of the discursive silence provided the theoretical support for this paper. / Nesta pesquisa, evidenciaram-se situações em que o silêncio foi determinante para a caracterização das personagens, seus rompantes, suas inseguranças, seus medos, suas relações sociais. Nesse silêncio, protegeram-se interesses escusos dos que, de alguma forma, ainda que por instante, assumiram a posição de dominantes e o assujeitamento dos dominados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apontar os sentidos do silêncio nos contos de Bernardo Elis e a importância dele como código de expressão daqueles que não falam porque não lhes convêm e dos que, por força dos aparelhos de Estado, não podem falar. A fundamentação teórica que forneceu suporte para a produção desta dissertação foram os conceitos de Althusser sobre os aparelhos de Estado e os de Orlandi sobre as formas do silêncio discursivo.