Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:17:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Vinicius Vieira Brito.pdf: 472153 bytes, checksum: a2a08b1c939d6d252302d0c7b467d0b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-13 / Dada a importância atual de se tomar o corpo como objeto de reflexão, analisaremos, nesta dissertação, o surgimento do conceito de corpo na obra do filósofo francês Michel Foucault. Mas ao contrário dos estudos sobre ele, que discutem o corpo sobretudo em Vigiar e Punir e na História da Sexualidade, delimitaremos como objeto o corpo na obra O Nascimento da Clínica, livro que faz uma história do surgimento do corpo-organismo com a emergência da medicina moderna, mais precisamente com a anatomia e fisiologia de Bichat. As dissecações feitas por este médico, no final do século XVIII, possibilitaram às ciências da vida o afastamento do legado de Descartes, que concebe o corpo como uma máquina. Ao traçar esta descontinuidade que culminou com o advento do corpo com órgãos, Foucault provoca uma cisão na história da relação da filosofia com o corpo, que era sempre pensado em referência ao corpo-alma de filosofia cartesiana.

Identifikační záznam: HÁJKOVÁ, Renata. Sledování vlivu expozice elektromagnetickým polem na kolonii kvasinek [Monitoring the impact of exposure to electromagnetic fields in yeast colonies]. Praha, 2011, rok vydání. 74s., 2. příl. Diplomová práce (Mgr.). Univerzita Karlova v Praze, 1. Lékařská fakulta, Fakulta elektrotechnická, Katedra elektromagnetického pole, ČVUT v Praze. Vedoucí závěrečné práce Vorlíček, Jaroslav, Ing. Abstract: Current development of mobile telecommunication device increases interest of public to the question of influence of electromagnetic field to the living organisms. Results of this work contribute to better knowledge of interaction between electromagnetic field and cell structures. Beginning of the thesis is review of morphology and physiology of the yeast cell that was used in this work as a tested organism. Second chapter describe the basic facts about electromagnetic fiend and wireless energy transfer. Goal of the practical part of this master thesis is describe influence of electromagnetic field on population of yeast during their proliferation. We constructed special box connected with wireless energy generator that was source of exactly defined electromagnetic field. Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were diluted in fluid medium YPD and the proliferation of the culture was...

Le procédé de friture utilise les huiles usagées comme fluide de chauffe pour sécher les boues humides par contact direct tout en incorporant une fraction. Le produit obtenu est un combustible solide à fort pouvoir calorifique, hygiènisé, stockable et transportable sans risque. Une étude expérimentale et théorique a permis d'apporter les éléments nécessaires à la conception du procédé, tant sur le plan énergétique que sur les plans environnemental et sanitaire. Un modèle de cinétique de friture, est proposé pour le séchage et la dynamique d'absorption d'huile, basé sur une loi de diffusion de l'eau dans la boue et un remplacement de l'eau par l'huile volume pour volume. Le modèle est ajusté aux données expérimentales obtenues par méthode gravimétrique sur des cylindres de boues (4-12 mm). Les températures employées varient entre 110°C et 140°C. Le temps de séchage, compris entre 10 et 20 min est réalisable dans une unité de séchage en continu. Un bilan d'énergie a permis de déterminer l'évolution du coefficient de transfert convectif en mettant en évidence trois phases successives. Une corrélation adimensionnelle est proposée, regroupe le flux évaporatoire normé, les caractéristiques thermiques d'huile et la géométrie de la boue. Une étude de la cinétique de destruction thermique des micro-organismes pathogènes a permis de construire un modèle estimant le temps de friture nécessaire pour hygiéniser une boue dont la température est connue dans le temps. Les conditions de friture sous vide à une température d'ébullition de 80°C ont été étudiées et comparées à d'autres procédés de séchage. Enfin, pour évaluer l'insertion du procédé dans une filière de valorisation énergétique par combustion, une étude expérimentale des émissions atmosphériques a été réalisée pour une combustion en lit fixe (850°C). Une attention particulière a été accordée aux émissions des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques vu leurs impacts cancérigènes pour la santé humaine et leur toxicité pour les écosystèmes. Les résultats ont montrés que les émissions de boues frites sont d'environ 5000 microgramme/gramme soit 10 fois plus importantes que celles du bois et 10 fois moins importantes que celles des huiles usagées. / Fry-drying is an alternative for heat and mass transfer intensification. The process re-uses waste oil as a heating medium for drying by contact with the wet sludge. The fry-dried product is a granular solid fuel with high heating value. The product is sterile, stored, and transported safely. Experimental procedure and theoretical investigation have to provide basic information for the process design, in terms of energy and environment. A kinetic model of frying is proposed for water loss and oil intake. The model has been fitted to the data obtained by a weighing method on sludge cylinders (4-12 mm diameter) at an oil temperature ranging from 110°C to 140°C. The drying time between 10 and 20 min is effective in a continuous dryer. The global energy balance has enabled the calculation of a convective heat transfer coefficient. The results show that convection is boiling flow dependent. The study suggests a dimensionless correlation involving the normalized boiling flux, thermal oil property, and the sludge size. An estimation of kinetics of thermal destruction of pathogens during vacuum frying (80°C boiling point) was made. The calculations were compared with the current thermal dryer performance. Finally, to evaluate the integration of the process in a sequence of energy recovery by combustion, an experimental study of air emissions was achieved for fixed-bed combustion (850°C). Particularly, the chemical characterization was focused on the 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons a group of highly classified carcinogens. The results showed that emissions of fry-dried sludge are approximately 5000 microgramm/gramm thus 10 times higher than those of wood and 10 times smaller than those of oils.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade, a quantidade e a capacidade de amplificação por PCR de DNA extraído de grãos de soja e milho, seus derivados e produtos acabados contendo como ingredientes obtidos desses grãos, com vistas à detecção de resíduos de organismos geneticamente modificados em alimentos. Para a amplificação de DNA pela PCR convencional, não houve melhor adequação de um protocolo de extração. Ambos métodos, CTAB e coluna de sílica tiveram desempenho comparável para as 32 matrizes avaliadas. A técnica de PCR em tempo real se mostrou mais sensível à qualidade do DNA testado e nesse contexto, o método CTAB se mostrou mais eficiente do que o método de coluna de sílica. Independentemente do método de extração utilizado não foi possível detectar DNA em óleos de soja e milho e em alguns derivados de amido, sugerindo que a aplicabilidade da lei de rotulagem pode esbarrar num entrave técnico no caso de algumas matrizes alimentares altamente processadas. / The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality, the quantity and the amplifiability by PCR of DNA isolated from soybean and maize grains and their by-products targeting the detection of genetically modified organisms in food. PCR amplification of DNA samples isolated either from CTAB and silica-column extraction methods achieved comparable performances. Both extraction methods showed similar results for the 32 tested matrices. The DNA amplification by real time PCR appeared to be affected by the quality of the isolated DNA. In this context, the CTAB extraction method showed to be more suitable when compared to the silica-column method. No DNA was amplified from soy and maize oils, as well as from some starch by-products, regardless the DNA extraction method used. It suggests that, the labeling requirement may rely on technical issues considering some high processed foodstuffs.

This work deals with the affects of multimedia stimuli on the human body, their processing by senses, the possibility of presentation of the stimuli with emphasis on the possibility of measuring the impact of their effect on biological signals using external measuring station. It describes the design and implementation of the application, allowing presentation of the mentioned stimuli and their synchronization with external measuring system Biopac.

Les populations naturelles sont confrontées à des changements environnementaux. Pour y faire face, différentes réponses ont été sélectionnées au cours de l'évolution. Parmi elles se trouvent la plasticité phénotypique et l'adaptation génétique. Etudier les liens existants entre elles est une manière de comprendre les dynamiques des populations et de prévoir leurs réponses à un environnement changeant. Dans la présente étude, je me suis attaché à étudier ces liens à plusieurs échelles (intra- et interspécifique), chez le complexe d'espèces cryptiques de la micro-algue Alexandrium minutum, et ce à la fois in vitro et in situ. En ce qui concerne la plasticité phénotypique, ces deux espèces proches montrent de profondes différences, soulignant les liens entre divergence génétique et écologique. Au niveau intraspécifique, il apparaît que face à des variations de facteurs abiotiques, les populations ajustent les niveaux d'expression de certains gènes (notamment impliqués dans des fonctions de motilité et d'interactions intercellulaires dans des environnements froids à faible salinité). D'autre part, les populations montrent de la différentiation génétique à la fois à faible échelle spatiale, au cours du temps, et lorsque la communauté change. Pour conclure, il existe une interaction directe entre divergence génétique et changements d'expression de gènes. En plus de poser de nombreuses questions quant aux capacités de réponse des populations, ces résultats soulignent comment plasticité phénotypique et changements génétique sont liés et interagissent. Ils offrent une perspective nouvelle sur les mécanismes qui sous-tendent les réponses des populations à leur environnement. / Natural populations face environmental changes. In this context, different responses were evolutionnary selected. Among them are phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation. Studying the links between these two types of response is a way to understand population dynamics and to predict how they may respond to a changing environment. In the present Ph.D thesis, I focused on studying these links at several scales (intra- and interspecific), in the cryptic species complex of the microalga Alexandrium minutum, both in vitro and in situ. With respect to phenotypic plasticity, these two closely related species show profound differences, highlighting the links between genetic and ecological divergence. At the intraspecific level, it appears that, when facing abiotic factors variations, populations adjust the expression levels of certain genes (notably involved in motility related functions and intercellular interactions under low-salinity and cold environments). On the other hand, populations show genetic differentiation at both small spatial scale, over time, and when the community changes. To conclude, there is a direct interaction between genetic divergence and changes in gene expression. In addition to asking many questions about the response capabilities of populations, these results highlight how phenotypic plasticity and genetic changes are linked and interact. They offer new perspectives on the mechanisms underlying population responses to their environment.

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South Africa has a high incidence of crime where violence is particularly being committed against adolescents. Trauma has a disruptive influence on the development of adolescents. There is a lack of research focussing on pastoral counselling from a postmodern perspective regarding adolescents who experience acute trauma. This study makes use of three theories to make a meaningful contribution namely those of Rudolf Otto (1869 – 1937), René Girard (1923 - ) and Donald Capps (1990, 1993, 1994,1996). This study finds Otto`s theory about the numinous useful to assist traumatized adolescents on the road to healing. A numinous experience causes two results namely an overwhelming feeling of awe and a feeling of fear that comes from respect and distance. Traumatized adolescents should be guided into a meeting with God in a confusing post-modern world. Through the appropriation of the numinous adolescents can reach infinitely more than only being a “seeker”. Girard`s (1978) theory on mimetic violence and the scapegoat mechanism has been used in this study since it throws some light on the manner in which traumatized adolescents process trauma. The scapegoat mechanism theory helps one to understand how violence can be processed by scapegoating someone or something else. Girard`s theory also enlightens on the theme of forgiveness. Forgiveness is the key to overcome the horrors of the past. Adolescents particularly need role models. These role models can be found amongst other things, on television. Role models teach adolescents about revenge and reprisal. This study demonstrates that by applying Girard`s theory to the cross of Jesus, the traumatized and crucified Jesus becomes the role model for the “seekers” rather than identification with the peer group. Girard creates a greater understanding to manage trauma by exposing the scapegoat mechanism. Capps’ theory about hope and reframing on the other hand is useful in the sense that it gives hope for the future to adolescents. Hope therapy entails reframing since the situation needs a new perspective. The work of Capps, Reframing: New method in pastoral care (1990) was used as a framework. Narrative therapy is used because it assists the traumatized in their search for meaning. Ganzevoort’s (2000) theory regarding personal narrative identity proved to be useful in pastoral care to traumatized adolescents. The same applies to Erikson’s (1963) development theory, which includes the concept that the virtue of hope develops during childhood. It can also be associated with Moltmann’s (1974) view of hope as an alternative future for suffering persons. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

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The motivating ambition of this thesis is the endeavour to think the subject anthropo-eccentrically, to free it of its conscious-agential overtones and to foreground instead the active organism in all its ecologically entangled, metabolically perspectival glory. I define the subject, in the course of the thesis, as a body productive of its own spatial and temporal fields, a body that lives its own space and time. Ecology is pluralized, made bodily. And the body itself is dynamicized and rendered porous—less an absolute limit than a variable topology separating, uniting, and enfolding organism and ecology, self and other, subject and world. I begin, in Chapter 1, with Deleuze and the rhythmic contractions that define the temporal pole of organismic subjectivity. In Chapter 2, I turn toward the way spaces are configured on the basis of the affective enaction of organismic life. This is organismic spatiality. In Chapter 3, I introduce Deleuze’s distinction between the actual and virtual in order to properly theorize the way organismic abilities and environmental layouts are pre-subjectively related such that actual organismic activity individuates a field of spatiotemporal experience. And as the structure of this relation fluctuates, so too does the framework of subjective experience, the sensorimotor-perceptual affects by which experience is defined. Organismic subjectivity is, as a consequence, both relentlessly dynamic and tied irreducibly to the organization of its own world. To think this entanglement is to think subjectivity as swarm, a concept that opens this theory onto an array of new possibilities—toward, to take only one example among a range of many, a human-technological entanglement that conceives scientific apparatuses in their integration with a collectively human subjectivity. I conclude the thesis with a brief gesture toward the implications carried by the development of such possibilities. / Thesis / Master of Philosophy (MA)