Magister Administrationis - MAdmin / This research aims to assess the role of Social Funds' organizational and institutional characteristics for community participation processes in development projects. The research is based on a case study of the Peruvian Social Fund, FONCODES, and utilizes a qualitative data collection approach. It mainly relies on semi-structured interviews with FONCODES' staff and community members, unstructured interviews with experts, and analysis of operational documents. The research concludes that several organizational and institutional characteristics affect community participation in FONCODES projects but the direction of this influence depends on how specific areas of the organization's context are structured as well as on political variables in the institutional environment. / South Africa

This qualitative interview study is conducted in a preschool organization. The research aim is to contribute with knowledge about pedagogical supervisors, a professional role which is beginning to take shape outside the traditional organizational form that exists in preschool. In this study a new role, the pedagogical supervisor, has been implemented as a support function in the preschool organization. The aim of the study is to increase understanding of how management, pedagogues and pedagogical supervisors are reasoning about school development processes. The specified research questions of the study are:  - How do employees in preschool organisations interpret and understand the role and the mission of pedagogical supervisors? - What structural obstacles and opportunities exists - partly in the assignment as pedagogical supervisor, partly in a preschool organization? The theoretical framework which is used to interpret and understand the empirical data is Lundquist (1987) implementation theory. To widen the perspective from the individual to the organization Ahrenfelt (2019) system theory has been supportive. The results of the study indicates that actors in a preschool organization are searching for clarity in the assignments of different professional roles in preschool. The results also indicates that the organizational positioning of a pedagogical supervisor may have an impact on how the assignment is performed. The organizational perspective shows that information platforms are important not only to create clarity in the assignments, but also to create understanding of how the image of an organization can be built up. The study includes a discussion about how the time perspective becomes an aspect of the process. Breaking cultural patterns can take time. It is also important that the actors in the process are aware that there are two parallel processes going on in a organizational transformation, the managements process and the organizationalprocess. The transparency between these processes are also implicated as an aspect in this study. In summary, the results of this study indicates that implementation of the employment can be a problem, as preschool organizational systems can be firmly rooted in traditional cultural patterns, which are difficult to change. The implication is to look beyond the traditional views of how organizations are constructed, because they can be obstacles in the process.

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現今，許多公司與他們的供應商夥伴建立跨組織資訊系統交換資訊、給予對方更快速的回應，以在快速變遷的環境之下維持競爭力。此篇研究進行文獻探討之後，分別從流程觀點還有動態能力觀點這兩個研究理論的基礎之下建立了研究架構，來衡量跨組織資訊系統的績效。我們的研究架構提出，一間公司有兩個重要的動態能力，分別是供應鏈的整合能力還有協調能力，在資訊科技的投資上還有公司績效之間扮演相當重要的角色。 / 我們在台灣的PC產業中發行問卷來衡量此研究架構，利用線性回歸來驗證假設。實驗結果支持了論文中的兩個假設：(1)跨組織資訊系統正向影響動態能力，(2)供應鏈的整合能力在跨組織資訊系統投資還有公司績效中間扮演重要的中介角色。 / Nowadays, firms usually develop inter-organizational systems (IOS) with their suppliers to exchange information and give each other faster responses to sustain their competency under a fast-changing environment. This study reviewed past literature and developed a research framework to evaluate IOS performance based upon two theoretical perspectives: process view and dynamic capabilities. This framework proposed that firms’ dynamic capabilities-- supply chain integration capability and supply chain coordination capability might be an important mediator between IOS investment and firm performance. / A general survey is conducted in Taiwan PC industry to validate the research model. A linear regression is used to testify the hypotheses. The results support our two hypotheses: (1) IOS investment is positively related to the dynamic capabilities, which also have obvious impact on firm performance; (2) supply chain integration is an important mediator between IOS investments and firm performance, and on the other hand, firm performance is partially mediated by supply chain coordination.