本研究旨在探討國民中學校長溝通行為、教師組織信任與教師教學效能之關係，並分析不同個人背景變項在校長溝通行為、教師組織信任與教師教學效能的差異情形，進而探討校長溝通行為、教師組織信任與教師教學效能的相關性及校長溝通行為、教師組織信任對教師教學效能的預測力。 透過問卷調查法，以新北市國民中學教師為對象，共發出627份問卷，問卷內容包括背景變項問卷、校長溝通行為問卷、教師組織信任問卷與教師教學效能問卷。回收有效問卷467份，可用率為74.48％。資料統計分析上使用描述性統計、獨立樣本t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾遜積差相關、逐步多元迴歸分析等方法。 本研究結論如下： 一、國民中學教師對校長溝通行為、教師組織信任與教師教學效能知覺程度皆屬中 上程度。 二、國民中學教師性別、年齡、擔任職務、學校規模在校長溝通行為方面有差異。 三、國民中學教師性別、年齡、學歷、擔任職務、學校規模在教師組織信任方面有 差異。 四、國民中學教師年齡、學歷、學校規模在教師教學效能上有差異。 五、校長溝通行為、教師組織信任與教師教學效能三者之間具有顯著正相關。 六、校長溝通行為、教師組織信任對教師教學效能具有顯著預測力，以教師組織信 任對教師教學效能之預測力最佳。 / This study aims to investigate the current development of the the principals’ communication behavior, teachers’ organizational trust and teachers’ teaching effectiveness in junior high school, and to analyze the differences in teachers of different backgrounds variables are conscious of the principals' communication behavior, teachers’ organizational trust and teachers’ teaching effectiveness, and to explore the relationship among the three variables; finally, to forecast teachers’ teaching effectiveness through the principals' communication behavior, teachers’ organizational trust. Questionnaire survey is adopted and personal background questionnaire, the principals’ communication behavior, teachers’ organizational trust and teachers’ teaching effectiveness questionnaire are included. The questionnaires were distributed to 627 teachers in New Taipei City junior high schools, and 467 valid questionnaires were retrieved, with 74.48% of availability. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation and multiple stepwise regression analysis. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The overall situation about the perceptions of junior high school teachers toward principals’ communication behavior, teachers’ organizational trust and teachers’ teaching effectiveness is mid-high level. 2. Junior high school teachers’ percept is obvious difference of principals’ communication behavior in sex, age difference, positions and working school scales. 3. Junior high school teachers’ percept is obvious difference of teachers' organizational trust in sex, age difference, positions and working school scales. 4. Junior high school teachers’ percept is obvious difference of teachers’ teaching effectiveness in age difference, academic backgrounds, and working school scales. 5.There are significant positive correlations among principals’ communication behavior, teachers’ organizational trust and teachers’ teaching effectiveness. 6.There are significant predictive power among principals’ communication behavior, teachers’ organizational trust and teachers’ teaching effectiveness, and teachers’ organizational trust is the most reliable predictor to the teachers’ teaching effectiveness.

Submitted by Rossana Sarra (rossana.sarra@gmail.com) on 2017-03-22T11:20:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FUNDAÇÃO GETULIO VARGAS_revised.pdf: 3643922 bytes, checksum: 6f52b8b7b68ceef34dad9f4d8b756340 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2017-03-22T14:18:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FUNDAÇÃO GETULIO VARGAS_revised.pdf: 3643922 bytes, checksum: 6f52b8b7b68ceef34dad9f4d8b756340 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-22T19:44:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FUNDAÇÃO GETULIO VARGAS_revised.pdf: 3643922 bytes, checksum: 6f52b8b7b68ceef34dad9f4d8b756340 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-14 / How should organizations react to nowadays working context? Should employees’ behavioural surveillance be embraced and adopted by companies? What could be the implications of these practices? This study, based on an input-process-output model, seeks to investigate how monitoring employees may affect their attitudes towards the organization, more in specific, the focus will be on one variable: workers’ trust towards the organization. The research further proposes to determine whether the four organizational justice constructs significantly moderate the relationship between perceived monitoring and organizational trust. This research applied a quantitative research method, consisting of the analysis of responses obtained to a previously developed survey. Regression analysis was used in order to understand the relationship between monitoring in the workplace and trust towards the organization and to clarify the role played by the four dimensions of organizational justice. Inconsistently with the hypotheses developed, the results indicate that monitoring employees cannot be considered a factor, which negatively impacts the trust towards the organization. Likewise, the organizational justice domain does not significantly moderate this relationship: the four different organizational justice constructs reported statistically insignificant scores of interaction on the main relationship. Finally, the implications of the results are discussed with respect to clarifying possible explanation for the obtained outcomes and propose solutions to improve future studies in this area. / Como as organizações devem reagir ao contexto atual de trabalho? A vigilância do comportamento dos trabalhadores deve ser adoptada pelas empresas? Quais poderiam ser as implicações dessa prática? Este estudo, baseado em um modelo input-process-output, busca investigar como os empregados de monitoramento podem afetar suas atitudes em relação à organização. Especificamente, o foco será em uma variável: a confiança dos trabalhadores na organização. A pesquisa propõe ainda determinar se os quatro constroem da justiça organizacional moderam significativamente a relação entre o monitoramento percebido e a confiança organizacional. Esta pesquisa aplicou um método de pesquisa quantitativa, consistindo na análise de respostas obtidas a um questionário previamente desenvolvido. A análise de regressão foi utilizada para compreender a relação entre monitoramento no local de trabalho e confiança na organização de expor o papel desempenhado pelas quatro dimensões da justiça organizacional. Inconsistentemente com as hipóteses desenvolvidas, os resultados indicam que os empregados de monitoramento não podem ser considerados um fator que afeta negativamente a confiança para com a organização. Da mesma forma, o domínio da justiça organizacional não modera significativamente essa relação: os quatro diferentes constroem de justiça organizacional relataram valores estatisticamente insignificantes de interação na relação principal. Finalmente, as implicações dos resultados são discutidas no sentido de esclarecer possíveis explicações para os resultados obtidos e propor soluções para melhorar futuros estudos nesta área.

Trust related studies have proliferated in national and foreign literature. However, regarding the measurement of employee trust in the organization only one instrument was identified in the brazilian literature. Considering the possibility of refinement of this measure, this study aimed to validate the Employee s Trust Scale. The scale consists of items from the original scale and other items produced with support from the literature. The final version of the scale consisted of 61 statements in Likert format, which was answered by 554 employees of different organizations, with a minimum of six months of work. These data were subjected to factor analysis using principal axis method with oblique rotation and a factor loading greater than 0.50. The results indicate three factors that together explain 49.63 percent of variance, namely ethical components, organizational competence and opportunism, with Cronbach's alpha of 0.96, 0.92 and 0.84, respectively. The identified factor structure differs from the former scale in number of factors, although the content, at most, is present in the current composition. The content of the instrument appears to be aligned with the literature in relation to sustaining confidence in ethical bases and competence. This paper has the merit of adding the empirical contributions of the first scale to the theoretical basis of literature. It is concluded that the psychometric characteristics of the instrument recommend its use in research and even for diagnosis in the organizational context. / Os estudos relativos à confiança têm proliferado na literatura nacional e internacional. Contudo, no que se refere à mensuração da confiança do empregado na organização somente um instrumento foi identificado na literatura brasileira. Considerando a possibilidade de refinamento desta medida, este estudo teve por objetivo revalidar a Escala de Confiança do Empregado na Organização. O conteúdo da escala constituiu-se de itens da escala original e outros elaborados com respaldo da literatura. A versão final da escala compôs-se de 61 afirmativas em formato Likert, a qual foi respondida por 554 trabalhadores de diversas organizações, com tempo mínimo de seis meses de trabalho. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análises fatoriais utilizando-se o método dos eixos principais com rotação oblíqua e carga fatorial superior a 0,50. Os resultados indicaram três fatores, que juntos explicam 49,63 por cento de variância, a saber, componentes éticos, competência organizacional e oportunismo, com Alpha de Cronbach de 0,96, 0,92 e 0,84, respectivamente. A estrutura fatorial identificada difere da escala anterior em número de fatores, embora o conteúdo, em sua maior parte, esteja presente na atual composição. Nota-se que o conteúdo do instrumento mostra-se em consonância com a literatura no que se refere à sustentação da confiança em bases éticas e relativas à competência. O estudo tem o mérito de somar as contribuições empíricas da primeira escala com as bases teóricas da literatura. Conclui-se que as características psicométricas do instrumento recomendam sua utilização em pesquisa e, mesmo, para diagnóstico no contexto organizacional. / Mestre em Psicologia Aplicada

Att upprätthålla ett högt engagemang bland anställda inom organisationen bör i dagens samhälle ses som en viktig förutsättning för att bibehålla effektivitet och vara konkurrenskraftiga. Tidigare forskning och egna observationer har indikerat tillit gentemot den organisation man som anställd arbetar för som en potentiell påverkande faktor till upplevt engagemang. Syftet med denna studie är att förklara hur tjänstemän inom global tillverkande organisation upplever att deras engagemang påverkas av tillit gentemot organisationen. För att kunna besvara studiens syfte har vi genomfört en kvalitativ fallstudie inom SNA Europe, med semistrukturerade intervjuer som metod för insamling av data och med tjänstemän som tydlig undersökningsenhet. Efter insamling av data har vi genomfört en tematisk empirianalys, där vi lät teman växa fram utifrån empirin. Detta för att komma åt tjänstemännens faktiska upplevelser och för att inte begränsa resultatets kvalitet.    Studiens analys och resultat identifierar sedan fyra kärnteman: organisationen gör rätt saker, organisationsstruktur, chefskap samt kommunikation och information. Dessa bryts sedan brutits ned i subkategorier för att fånga alla dess olika delar av tjänstemännens upplevelser. 3 huvudsakliga komponenter inom kategorin tillit växer därigenom fram, vilka tjänstemännen upplever påverkar engagemanget och vilka således hjälper oss att besvara studiens syfte. Dessa tre komponenter är organisationen gör rätt saker, organisationsstruktur och chefskap samt kommunikation och information.    Slutsatsen slår sedan fast att tillit, förståelse och förtroende för omgivningen är avgörande komponenter för tjänstemännens engagemang. Det framkommer även att dessa upplevda komponenter av tillit som påverkar engagemanget i det aktuella fallet verkar i en komplex relation med varandra. / Maintaining a high level of engagement among employees within the organization should in today's society be seen as an important prerequisite for maintaining efficiency and being competitive. Previous research and own observations have indicated trust in the organization that the employee works for as a potential influencing factor for perceived engagement. The purpose of this study is to explain how officials within global manufacturing organization feel that their engagement is affected by trust towards the organization. In order to answer the purpose of the study, we conducted a qualitative case study within SNA Europe, with semi-structured interviews as a method for data collection and with officials as a clear investigation unit. After collecting data, we conducted a thematic empirical analysis, where we allowed themes to emerge based on empirical data. This is to access the actual experiences of the officials and not to limit the quality of the results.   The study's analysis and results then identify four core themes: the organization does the right things, organizational structure, leadership and communication and information. These are then broken down into subcategories to capture all its different parts of the officials' experiences. Three main components within the category of trust are thereby emerging, which the officials experience affect the engagement, and which thus helps us to answer the purpose of the study. These three components are the organization doing the right things, organizational structure and leadership as well as communication and information.   The conclusion then states that trust, understanding and confidence in the surroundings are crucial components of the engagement of the officials. It also emerges that these perceived components of trust that affect engagement in this particular case operate in a complex relationship with each other.

Significant costs are associated with the turnover rate of certified nursing assistants (CNAs) in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), and turnover impacts the quality of care for residents of the SNFs through disruption of care. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to identify the leadership characteristics of supervisors most associated with the job satisfaction (JS) of CNAs in SNFs. Herzberg's dual factor theory was used as the theoretical framework to explain the relationship between the leadership characteristics and the associated JS. The research question was used to examine the independent variables of trust, teamwork, supportive supervision, leader-follower relationships, and empowerment of supervisors in SNFs that help predict the dependent variable, JS of CNAs. A random sampling of the population of CNAs from 120-bed SNFs located in Florida completed online surveys that included the Organizational Trust Inventory, the Conditions for Work Effectiveness Questionnaire II, and the Benjamin Rose Nurse Assistant Job Satisfaction Scale. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze data to determine the effects of the leadership characteristics on the JS of CNAs in SNFs. Results indicated that the increased levels of trust negatively impact the JS of the CNAs, whereas increased levels of empowerment increase JS. Implementing strategies to address the needs of CNAs positively impacts society by improving the lives of the workers and increasing CNA retention, thus improving the lives of vulnerable members of society through enhanced quality of care.

The fight against terrorism and organized crime require strong collaboration between public security organizations. Public security networks include several agencies that are not bound to each other with strong hierarchical ties. Because of a lack of the strong hierarchical structure, managing public networks is not similar to managing a single government agency. This study aims to examine the factors influencing network effectiveness in the public security sector. The main research questions of the study are: Which factors are important for effectiveness in public security networks? What is the role of inter-organizational trust among partner agencies? Which kind of leadership style will achieve the highest performance in public security networks? What is the relative importance of goal convergence and organizational culture in network effectiveness? How does the relationship between inter-organizational trust, leadership style, goal convergence and organizational culture impact network effectiveness? In order to find these relations, a self-reported survey was sent to 2,095 current and previous Turkish public security network managers. The study found that inter-organizational trust and goal convergence have a positive relationship with network effectiveness. Although facilitator leadership is found to be the most common leadership style in Turkish public security networks, it is found as inappropriate to achieve higher network effectiveness. According to the results, the co-producer network leadership is the most convenient leadership style in terms of network effectiveness. While the results of the descriptive statistics confirm that six specific features of organizational culture in public security sector have negative influence on network effectiveness, the hypothesis testing with the covariance structure model only support the negative impact of competition among partner organization. This study contributes to the literature on network effectiveness with particular proposals for the public security managers and practitioners.

本研究旨在探討僕人領導、組織信任與工作滿意之間的關係，並以組織信任為中介變項，檢驗組織信任在僕人領導對工作滿意關係上的影響與效果。本研究將組織信任分為同事信任與領導信任兩個層面，採用Barbuto和Wheeler所發展出的僕人領導問卷、改編自Jorde-Bloom的幼兒教師工作滿意調查問卷以及自編的組織信任問卷為研究工具，對台北市公私立幼稚園教師進行問卷調查，共發出608份問卷，有效問卷共256份，有效問卷回收率為42.1％。本研究採用結構方程模式（SEM）驗證僕人領導、組織信任與工作滿意之間的影響與效果，並根據研究結果獲得以下結論，最後提出建議作為後續研究及幼教政策與行政實務之參考。 一、僕人領導對同事信任、領導信任與工作滿意皆有顯著的正向影響。 二、組織信任的兩個研究層面中，同事信任對工作滿意有正向的顯著影響關係，領導信任對工作滿意也有正向的影響。 三、組織信任在僕人領導對工作滿意的中介影響關係上顯示：同事信任在僕人領導對工作滿意的影響上有顯著的中介效果；領導信任在僕人領導對工作滿意的影響上也有顯著的中介效果。 四、將同事信任與領導信任為中介變項的結構模式分析結果兩相比較後發現：（一）僕人領導對領導信任的影響高於對同事信任的影響；（二）領導信任在僕人領導對工作滿意影響路徑上的中介效果高於同事信任的中介效果。研究證實領導信任是僕人領導對工作滿意發揮影響的關鍵。 / This research aims to explore the relationship among servant leadership, organizational trust and job satisfaction. Organization trust was hypothesized as a mediator between servant leadership and job satisfaction. Two dimensions of organization trust were examined: faculty trust and leader trust. Survey data were collected from 256 kindergarten teachers and analyzed by using structural equation modeling (SEM) methods. The findings of the study revealed that: (1) servant leadership positively influenced faculty trust, leader trust and job satisfaction; (2) the influence of organizational trust on job satisfaction implied that both faculty trust and leader trust have a positive influence on job satisfaction; (3) both faculty trust and leader trust significantly influenced the mediating effect of servant leadership on job satisfaction; (4) the impact of servant leader on leader trust was higher than that on faculty trust, and leader trust had higher mediating effect than faculty trust. The result indicated that leader trust acted as a significant mediator between servant leadership and job satisfaction. Managerial implications and some suggestions for future research were provided at the end of this thesis.

Le principal objectif de cette thèse est d'examiner la relation réciproque entre la responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise (RSE) et les attitudes et les comportements des employés. Premièrement, la thèse explore les mécanismes sous-jacents alternatifs à travers lesquels la RSE affecte les employés et fait la classification des employés dans les groupes homogènes en se basant sur leur utilisation de ces différents mécanismes. Deuxièmement, elle identifie les conditions limites dans lesquelles la RSE influence de façon optimale les attitudes et les comportements des employés. Enfin, la thèse examine l'influence réciproque des employés sur la stratégie RSE de la firme et explore les pratiques des ressources humaines qui permettent à l'entreprise d'améliorer sa RSE. Afin d'atteindre ces objectifs, les trois études empiriques ont été mené dans l'Aise du Sud. Les données ont été collectées par une suite d'enquêtes avec les employés en utilisant le design de décalage dans le temps. Les résultats montrent que la RSE a un impact positif sur les attitudes et les comportements des employés à travers de multiples mécanismes. Les résultats suggèrent l'hétérogénéité parmi les employés dans leur utilisation de ces mécanismes et mettent en évidence la classification des employés en fonction de leurs orientations personnelles et valeurs culturelles individuelles afin de mieux comprendre ce phénomène. En utilisant les données de panel à trois reprises, il a été démontré également que les employés influencent la stratégie RSE. Cependant, cela dépends de leur niveau de participation dans le processus de décision et du degré de leur identification avec leur organisation / The main objective of this dissertation is to examine the reciprocal relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and employees' attitudes and behaviors. Firstly, it explores the underpinning alternative mechanisms through which CSR affects employees and classifies the employees into homogenous groups on the basis of their use of these differential mechanisms. Secondly, it identifies the boundary conditions in which CSR optimally influences the employees' attitudes and behaviors. Finally, the dissertation investigates the reciprocal influence of employees on the CSR strategy of the firm and explores the human resource practices that facilitate the firm to improve its CSR. To achieve these objectives, three empirical studies were conducted in South Asia. Data were collected in a series of employee surveys with using time lag design. The results show that CSR has a positive impact on employees' attitudes and behaviors through multiple mechanisms. Findings suggest the heterogeneity among employees in their use of these mechanisms and emphasize the classification of employees depending upon their personal orientations and individual cultural values to better understand this phenomenon. Using three wave penal data, it was also found that employees influence the CSR strategy of the firm. However, it depends upon the level of their participation in decision making and extent of their identification with their organization

Tillit som begrepp blir allt viktigare som organisatoriskt styrmedel desto mer kunskapsintensiv organisationen blir. I studiens undersökta organisation läggs ett större ansvar på tjänstemannens kunskap samtidigt som verksamheten karaktäriseras av regler och riktlinjer som avspeglas i processtyrning och kontroller som upplevs begränsa ansvaret. Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva och analysera handlingar som påverkar den organisatoriska tilliten hos anställda inom den undersökta statliga myndigheten. För att svara mot studiens syfte har vi genomfört en kvalitativ undersökning bestående av sju semistrukturerade intervjuer med respondenter vars arbetsroll är handläggare. Intervjuerna såväl som interna styrdokument har analyserats och tematiserats utifrån teori som berör organisatorisk tillit. I studien har vi identifierat fem områden som har visat sig vara av större betydande faktorer för organisatorisk tillit hos individerna. Dessa områden som även analyserats är arbetsmängd, arbetssätt och kontroll, förståelse, förändring och kommunikation. Det har framkommit att en känsla av självbestämmande finns, även om arbetet ofta beskrivs innefatta regler, riktlinjer och kontroll. Vår uppfattning är att det råder en hög organisatorisk tillit från de intervjuade handläggarna, något som vi främst menar beror på den byråkratiska strukturen och dess bidragande faktor till det upplevda organisatoriska stödet. Konsekvenserna av den organisatoriska tilliten behöver däremot inte alltid vara positiva. Slutsatser som dragits är att styrningen behöver anpassas utifrån rådande organisationskultur och -struktur för att inte bryta med den normativa styrlogiken så pass att det skapar organisationsstrukturell inlåsning. / Trust as a concept is becoming increasingly important as an organizational governance instrument, the more knowledge-intensive the organization becomes. In the organization featured in this study, it appears that greater demands are being placed on the employee's knowledge. At the same time, the organization is often characterized by rules and guidelines that reflect forms of governance and control, which are perceived as limiting individual responsibility. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze actions that affect the organizational trust of employees in a Swedish public-administration organization. In order to respond to the purpose of the study, a qualitative study consisting of seven semi-structured interviews with administrators has been conducted. The interviews have been analyzed thematically using internal policy documents and a theoretical lens within the concept of organizational trust. In this study, we have identified five areas that have shown to be significant factors in the perception of organizational trust by the administrators: workload, working methods and external controls, understanding, change, and communication. It has become apparent that a sense of self-determination exists, even though the work is often characterized by rules, guidelines and external controls. In the interviews a high level of organizational trust came across, something that appears to be linked to the bureaucratic structure and a perceived organizational support. However, the consequences of organizational trust are not always necessarily positive. Conclusions drawn are that the management needs to be adaptable based on the prevailing organizational culture and structure, so as not to break with the normative control logic, which can create organizational structural lock-in.

A capacidade das organizações em se modificar e se reinventar de maneira contínua influencia diretamente em seus resultados e competitividade. Neste enfoque, o presente estudo teve por objetivo verificar o papel mediador da confiança na relação entre percepção de valores organizacionais e de atitudes frente a mudanças organizacionais. Participaram do estudo 189 trabalhadores voluntários de diversas organizações, os quais responderam instrumentos precisos e validados e que foram disponibilizados no Survey Monkey. Para análise dos dados foram utilizadas estatísticas descritivas, correlações de Pearson e análises de regressão padronizadas e hierárquicas e o Teste Sobel para verificar a significância da mediação. Resultados confirmaram o modelo proposto, apresentando efeitos de mediação nas atitudes de ceticismo, na presença do valor realização e das mediadoras confiança na ética e oportunismo, e de aceitação, na presença de confiança na ética e na competência organizacional. Desta forma, este estudo, além de aprofundar o conhecimento do processo psicológico frente a mudanças pode instrumentalizar gestores na condução de processos de mudança nas organizações. / The ability of organizations to continuously modify and reinvent themselves has a direct influence on their results and competitiveness. In this approach, the present study aimed to verify the mediating role of trust in the relationship between perception of organizational values and attitudes towards organizational changes. Participated in the study 189 volunteers workers from various organizations, who responded to reliable and valid tools available in Survey Monkey. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations and standardized and hierarchical regression analyzes and the Sobel Test to verify the significance of mediation. Results confirmed the proposed model, in which mediation was corroborated in the attitude of scepticism, in the presence of value and mediators trust in ethics and opportunism, and acceptance, in the presence of trust in ethics and organizational competence. In this way, this study, in addition to deepening the knowledge of the psychological process in the face of change, can instrumentalise managers in the process of change in organizations. / Dissertação (Mestrado)