Les traits ornementaux sont classiquement vus comme un attribut des mâles chez les espèces animales. Cette vision est liée à un rôle considéré historiquement comme très asymétrique des sexes, avec les mâles qui entrent en compétition (sélection intra-sexuelle) pour attirer les femelles qui choisissent (sélection intersexuelle) le meilleur partenaire. Cette idée fut développée en liaison avec l’asymétrie dans la production des gamètes mâles et femelles. Les femelles, qui produisent un nombre réduit de gamètes de grosse taille, maximisent la chance de survie de leurs descendants en investissant plus dans les soins parentaux ; elles deviennent ainsi le sexe limitant et choisissent les mâles qui entrent donc en compétition pour avoir accès à la reproduction. Tout trait ornemental qui augmente le succès d’appariement sera donc avantageux pour les mâles conduisant à des traits sexuels secondaires plus développés chez ce sexe. Si les traits ornementaux sont fréquents chez les mâles, il existe également de nombreux exemples chez les femelles, notamment chez les espèces socialement monogames à soins biparentaux. C’est seulement récemment que les biologistes évolutifs ont cherché à tester les processus expliquant l’apparition et le maintien des ornements femelles. Si le rôle de la corrélation génétique dans cette évolution est incontestable, et que la sélection sociale est aussi majeure, plusieurs études empiriques ont montré un choix mâle pour les ornements femelles et des modèles théoriques ont déterminé les paramètres conduisant à l’évolution du choix mâle. Par ailleurs, les approches phylogénétiques retraçant l’évolution des ornements ont montré une forte labilité des traits femelles, avec des apparitions et disparitions de traits ornementaux plus fréquentes chez les femelles que chez les mâles. Afin de mieux comprendre la relation entre la sélection sexuelle et l’évolution des ornements femelles, cette thèse s’est construite sur ces résultats précédemment acquis et a mené plusieurs approches pour mieux préciser le rôle de la sélection sexuelle dans l’évolution et le maintien de la coloration chez les femelles. Une approche comparative à l’échelle des passereaux a testé les paramètres déterminés comme conduisant à l’évolution du choix mâle par des modèles théoriques. En accord avec les modèles théoriques, les résultats mettent en avant l’importance de l’investissement du mâle dans les soins parentaux dans l’évolution de la coloration du plumage femelle. Ils montrent également comment l’investissement initial des femelles dans la reproduction limite l’évolution de la coloration femelle. Un autre axe de la thèse s’est focalisé sur la coloration chez une espèce monogame, la Mésange bleue Cyanistes caeruleus, en utilisant un vaste jeu de données à long terme avec10 ans de donnés dans quatre populations pour tester notamment(i) la force de la corrélation génétique, (ii) les liens entre indices de succès de reproduction et coloration et (iii) l’existence d’un appariement par homogamie chez cette espèce. Si les résultats principaux montrent une forte corrélation génétique et soulignent une très forte variation spatiotemporelle, l’application d’outils méta-analytiques a permis de déceler une relation entre les colorations des femelles et les indices de succès de reproduction ainsi qu’un patron faible mais positif d’appariement par homogamie pour les deux patchs étudiés (couronne et bavette). Les deux volets de la thèse représentent de nouveaux apports en faveur de l’évolution des ornements femelles. Ils soulignent la complexité associée à leur évolution et l’importance de prendre en compte la variation spatiotemporelle pour une compréhension étendue et une possibilité de généralisation. / Ornamental traits are classically associated with males in animal species. The asymmetrical view is related to sex roles, in which males are competing (intra-sexual selection) to attract females which chose the best mate (intersexual selection). This idea was developed with the concept of anisogamy, the asymmetry in the production of male and female gametes. Females producing few but large gametes maximize their offspring survival rate by investing more in parental care; they become the limiting sex and chose males which are thus competing for access to reproduction. Then, any ornamental trait increasing pairing success would become advantageous for males, leading to more developed secondary sexual traits in this sex. If ornamental traits are more frequent in males, there are also many examples with females, especially in socially monogamous species with biparental care. Evolutionary biologists have only started recently to test processes explaining the outbreak and maintenance of female ornaments. Genetic correlation is an unquestionable process involved in this evolution, and social selection is also a major process. Several empirical studies have also related male mate choice to female ornaments and theoretical models have defined key parameters driving the evolution of male mate choice. Furthermore, phylogenetical studies retracing the evolution of ornaments have showed a high lability in female traits, with more frequent gains and losses of ornamental traits in females compared to males. In order to link sexual selection to the evolution of female ornaments, this thesis was based on these previous achievements to develop different approaches to better understand the role of sexual selection in the evolution and maintenance of female colouration. Comparative methods in songbirds tested the key parameters defined by theoretical models as driving the evolution of male mate choice. In line with theoretical models, results highlight the importance of male investment in parental care in the evolution of female plumage colouration. They also show how female initial investment in reproduction limits this evolution. Another thesis axis focused on colouration in a monogamous species, the Blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus, using a large dataset across 10 years in four populations and tested in particular (i) the strength of genetic correlation, (ii) relations between proxies of reproductive success and colouration and (iii) the existence of assortative mating in this species. The main results highlight a strong genetic correlation and a wide spatiotemporal variation and the use of meta-analyses revealed correlation between female colouration and proxies of reproductive success as well as a weak but positive pattern of assortative mating on the two measured patches (crown and chest). Both sides of the thesis represent new insights in favour of the evolution of female ornaments. They also highlight the complexity associated with their evolution and the importance of considering spatiotemporal variation for extensive understanding and generalisation.

En Europe occidentale, la phase climatique du Dernier Maximum Glaciaire couvre une période-clé pour l’étude des dynamiques évolutives du Paléolithique supérieur. Correspondant au passage du Solutréen au Magdalénien, en passant par le Badegoulien, cette intervalle chronologique (entre 20 000 et 15 000 BP) est considéré comme un moment de «rupture» touchant tant au domaine techno-économique (productions lithiques et osseuses) que symbolique (art pariétal et mobilier). Le travail mené ici vise à interroger si la parure, qui possède ses propres sphères techniques et symboliques, a également été impactée par les bouleversements ambiants de l’époque. Avec près de 3000 objets de parure issus de sites français (Bassins parisien, ligérien et aquitain), une analyse diachronique, combinant approches morphométriques, technologiques et fonctionnelles, a pour cela été réalisée. À la lumière des nouvelles données acquises, une réévaluation des «normes» ornementales de chaque ensemble chrono-culturel étudié est ici proposée. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les pratiques de décoration corporelle de la fin du Solutréen, du Badegoulien et du début du Magdalénien n’échappent pas à la mutation pressentie. Elles se révèlent mouvantes et témoignent de profonds changements techniques et symboliques. On assiste à un renouvellement de la composition des parures et au développement de modalités de fabrication inédites qui évoquent l’émergence progressive et non généralisée de nouvelles traditions ornementales. Ces autres façons de penser et de se représenter par la parure se font ainsi l’écho des importants remaniements socio-culturels ayant eu lieu au cours du Dernier Maximum Glaciaire. / In Western Europe, the Last Glacial Maximum climatic phase covers a period-key for the study of the upper Palaeolithic dynamics, corresponding to the passage of Solutrean-Badegoulian-Magdalenian periods. This chronological interval (between 20 000 and 15 000 BP) is considered as a moment of "break" touching the techno-economic (lithic and osseous industries) and symbolism (rock-art and movable art) domains. This present work aims at questioning if the personal ornaments, which possess its own technical and symbolic spheres, was also impacted by the ambient upheavals of time. With about 3000 pieces discovered in French sites (Paris, Loire and Aquitaine Basins), a diachronic analysis, combining morphometric, technological and functional approaches, is realized for it. From the new acquired data, a revaluation of the ornamental "standards" of every cultural entity is proposed. The obtained results show that the ornamental practices of the end of the Solutrean, the Badegoulien and the beginning of the Magdalenian periods do not escape the anticipated transfer. These are unstable and expose technical and symbolic deep changes. We observe a renewal of the ornament composition and a development of new manufacturing modalities. These facts suggest the progressive and local emergence of new ornamental traditions. These other manners to think ant to represent itself by the ornaments testify about the important sociocultural reorganizations having taken place during the Last Glacial Maximum.

Le sujet porte sur les bagues et les anneaux découverts dans les contextes archéologiques datés du Ve au IXe siècle, dans une zone géographique allant de la Loire aux Pyrénées, et de la façade atlantique à l’ouest du Rhône. La période chronologique, assez large, permet d’aborder la question de l’héritage antique du Ve siècle, particulièrement important dans des régions romanisées. Le IXe siècle correspond quant à lui à une forte diminution des dépôts funéraires qui constituent les principaux contextes de découverte des objets de parure. Les études portant sur les bagues et les anneaux ont jusqu’alors essentiellement consisté en l’élaboration d’une typochronologie, que ce soit pour la Gaule romaine ou pour les royaumes mérovingiens septentrionaux. Pour ce travail doctoral un catalogue a été élaboré, il comprend plus de 300 artefacts pour lesquels un classement a été proposé. La singularité de ce travail repose sur l’analyse des pratiques sociales menée à partir des artefacts du Sud-Ouest. En tant qu’objets précieux, le port des bagues et des anneaux reste l’apanage des élites ; elles constituent un marqueur important des identités sociales, de la mémoire familiale et des échanges économiques. Afin d’aborder pleinement cette thématique, l’étude est articulée en quatre parties. Les deux premières sont dévolues à la mise en place de la méthodologie, en portant une attention particulière à l’héritage historiographique dans laquelle l’étude se place. Les deux dernières parties sont consacrées à l’inscription de ces bijoux dans l’espace social du haut Moyen Âge. De leur fabrication à leur réception et à leur transmission, il s’agit de documenter les manipulations dont ils ont fait l’objet et qui leur ont conféré leur valeur, jusqu’à leur dépôt en sépulture. / The subject-matter is the finger ornaments discovered in archaeological contexts, dating from the 5th to the 9th century. The geographical area ranges from the Loire to the Pyrenees, and from the Atlantic coast to the west of the Rhône. The chronological period, which is quite broad, makes it possible to approach the question of the ancient heritage of the fifth century, which is particularly important in romanised regions. The 9th century corresponds to a sharp decrease in funeral deposits, which are the main contexts for the discovery of ornaments. Studies on rings have so far essentially consisted in the development of a typochronology, whether for Roman Gaul or for the northern Merovingian kingdoms. For this doctoral study a catalogue has been elaborated, it includes more than 300 artifacts for which a classification has been proposed. The uniqueness of this work is based on the analysis of social practices using artifacts from the Southwest. As precious objects, the wearing of rings remains the prerogative of the elite; they are an important marker of social identities, family memory and economic exchanges. In order to fully address this theme, the study is divided into four parts. The first two are devoted to the implementation of the methodology, paying particular attention to the historiographical heritage in which the study is placed. The last two parts are devoted to the inscription of these jewels in the social space of the early Middle Ages. From their manufacture to their reception and transmission, it is a question of documenting the manipulations to which they have been subjected and which have given them their value, up to their burial.

O objetivo do presente trabalho é, através do estudo do material lítico polido do interior de Minas Gerais e São Paulo, compreender melhor os artefatos, identificá-los e, assim, contribuir para o conhecimento do modo de vida das populações que deles fizeram uso. Tratamos inicialmente dos cronistas, primeiras fontes sobre os artefatos, cuja riqueza das descrições nos permite preencher várias lacunas que de outra forma (apenas com os dados arqueológicos) permaneceriam. Em seguida definimos estes artefatos, descrevemos suas características essenciais. Com o auxílio da bibliografia discutimos as classificações elaboradas no passado para algumas destas peças e apontamos possíveis novas abordagens. Através da análise do material, identificamos tipos, apresentamos as peculiaridades e similitudes relativas às diferentes regiões e, quando possível, as respectivas associações a grupos culturais ou afiliações a Tradições Arqueológicas. Trazemos ainda informações obtidas através de trabalho de arqueologia experimental que julgamos essencial para uma compreensão mais ampla dos artefatos, os custos envolvidos em sua produção e manutenção. Finalmente apresentamos uma síntese do conhecimento obtido com toda a análise, buscando explicitar como o material lítico polido, freqüentemente preterido nos estudos, pode trazer contribuições importantes para a reconstrução dos passado dos habitantes desta parte das Américas. / The objective of the present work is, through the study of the polished lithic material from inland Minas Gerais and São Paulo, to have a better understanding of these artifacts, identify them, and to contribute for the knowledge in the way of life of the populations that made use of them. At first we write about the first sources on these artifacts, whose rich descriptions allows us to fill in several gaps that otherwise (trough the archeological data only) would stay. Then we defined these artifacts, describe their essential characteristics. With the aid of the bibliography we discus the classifications elaborated in the past for some of these and point new possible approaches. Through the analysis of these stone artifacts, we create types, present their peculiarities and similarities related with the different areas they were found and, when possible, the respective associations to cultural groups or affiliations to Archeological Traditions. We also bring information obtained through work of experimental archeology that we judged essential for a wider understanding of the artifacts, the costs involved in their production and maintenance. Finally we presented a synthesis of the knowledge obtained with the whole analysis, looking for stress how the polished lithic material, frequently ignored in the studies, can bring important contributions for the reconstruction of the inhabitants of this part of America\'s past.

Cette thèse propose de réévaluer nos connaissances sur le mobilier de parure daté du Premier âge du Fer (800-400 a.C.) dans une zone comprise entre le sud-ouest de la France et le nord-ouest de l'Espagne. La large emprise géographique de ce travail, à cheval sur deux pays aux traditions de recherche distinctes, est déterminée par des résultats antérieurs qui avaient pu mettre en exergue plusieurs rapprochements typologiques entre ces deux régions sans en dessiner précisément les contours. L'objectif est donc de pallier ce manque et de porter une analyse à la fois chronologique, spatiale, culturelle et sociale du mobilier d'apparat. Pour ce faire, cette thèse s'appuie sur un corpus de parures issues de fouilles anciennes et récentes rassemblées dans une base de données relationnelles. La première étape d'analyse est réservée à la mise en place de typologies. Les relations taphonomiques des objets et les comparaisons avec les vestiges similaires venant de régions extérieures à notre cadre d'étude permettent d'actualiser les chronologies connues jusqu'alors pour les parures. Lors d'une seconde étape, la synthèse typo-chronologique du corpus découvert en contexte funéraire mène à la reconnaissance d'un phasage chronologique général. Ce phasage, qui partitionne en trois horizons l'intervalle retenu, est marqué d'une part par sa proximité avec celui reconnu dans le sud-est de la France, et d'autre part par un léger décalage entre les phénomènes observés sur les sites établis au nord et au sud des Pyrénées. Fondée sur cette trame chronologique, l'analyse spatiale du corpus permet de rendre compte de l'emprise territoriale de faciès mobiliers locaux et de leurs évolutions dans le temps. L'identification d'un faciès "pyrénéen" et son expansion à la fin du Premier âge du Fer est l'un des apports majeurs de cette étude. Enfin, lors d'une troisième et dernière étape, cette thèse propose une analyse sur les porteurs de parures. L'utilisation d'analyses factorielles de correspondances (AFC) autorisent la reconnaissance de divers costumes funéraires pour lesquels les parures jouent un rôle prépondérant dans la représentation d'un système social organisé et complexe. / This thesis proposes to re-evaluate our knowledge on ornamental furniture dated to the Early Iron Age (800-400 BC) in an area between southwest France and northwest Spain. The wide geographical scope of this work, taking place between two countries with distinct research traditions, is determined by previous results that had been able to highlight several typological similarities between these two regions without precisely drawing their outlines. The objective is to fill this gap and to provide an analysis that is chronological, spatial, cultural and social of the ceremonial furniture. To do this, this thesis is based on a corpus of ornaments from ancient and recent excavations gathered in a relational database. The first stage of analysis is reserved for the implementation of typologies. The taphonomic relationships of these objects and comparisons with similar remains from regions outside our study allow us to update the chronologies known until then. During a second stage, the typo-chronological synthesis of the corpus discovered in the funeral context leads to the recognition of a general chronological phasing. This phasing, which divides the selected interval into three horizons, is marked on the one hand by its proximity to what is knows in south-eastern France, and on the other hand by a slight discrepancy between the phenomena observed on the sites established to the north and south of the Pyrenees. Based on this chronological framework, the spatial analysis of the corpus makes it possible to account for the territorial hold of local movable facies and their evolution over time. The identification of a "Pyrenean" facies and its expansion at the end of the Early Iron Age is one of the major contribution of this study. Finally, during a third and last stage, this thesis proposes an analysis on the wearers of ornamentals. The use of correspondence factor analysis (CFA) allows the recognition of various funeral costumes for which the ornamentals plays a predominant role in the representation of an organized and complex social system.

De nombreux espèces utilisent des signaux multicomposants/multimodales. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons étudié les signaux acoustiques et visuels produits dans le cadre du choix du partenaire chez le Manchot royal. Concernant les composantes acoustiques, nous avons identifié des arrangements syllabiques spécifiques à chacun des sexes. La fréquence fondamentale et l'énergie des cris des manchots royaux, ainsi que certaines caractéristiques colorimétriques signalent des informations sur la classe d'âge de l'émetteur. Nous avons montré que l'appareil vocal des manchots royaux permet les individus de produire deux bandes de fréquences harmoniques puisqu'ils présentent un syrinx trachéo-bronchique et donc deux sources sonores. En résumé, ce travail de thèse a contribué à une meilleure compréhension des signaux utilisés dans le cadre du choix du partenaire chez une espèce monomorphique qui présente un comportement reproducteur très coûteux. / Communication signals used in sexual selection can be costly to produce and even reduce the emitter’s fitness. Many species use multicomponent signals communication systems in different signal modalities. Here, we study visual and acoustic signals produced in the context of mate choice on a sexually monomorphically ornamented seabird, the king penguin. We identified a sex-specific syllable pattern in the vocalisations of 1-year-old fledglings, juveniles and adult birds. We found that fundamental frequency and energy components of calls and beak spot and ear patch ornament parameters signal information about the age-class of the emitter. Investigating the vocal apparatus of adult king penguins, we showed that king penguins can produce “two voices” since they have a tracheobronchial syrinx, i.e. two sound sources. This thesis contributed to our understanding of signals used in mate choice in a sexually monomorphically ornamented species that exhibits a very costly breeding behaviour.

La distribuzione della ceramica geometrica daunia in Croazia e Slovenia, la sua influenza lungo la via dell'ambra per l' Europa Centrale Dott.ssa Lucilla Barresi ABSTRACT This PhD thesis deals with Daunian pottery produced in Daunia (South Italy) during the Iron Age and its distribution in Croatia and Slovenia. A systematic analysis of the pottery stored in museums has been made for Histria, Dolenjska and Notranjska. Thanks to this approach, not only it has been possible to identify the sites where this pottery was found, but also to define its style and typology, to specify its chronology, to provide for a quantitative analysis of the findings and produce maps of distribution. As regards Daunian pottery from Liburnia and Central Dalmatia, only published findings have been analyzed mainly from the point of view their style, typology and chronology. Results of the study enabled to clarify the nature of the relations between Daunia and the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, the flows of distribution of the Daunian geometric pottery and to evaluate the impact of its presence on local communities. Key words: Daunian pottery, Stelae, ornaments, Iron Age, Croatia, Slovenia, Amber Route.

La monumentalisation de l’architecture figure parmi les marqueurs les plus éloquents de la pénétration de la culture romaine en Gaule, après la conquête. Peu de temps après l’instauration du Principat, de nouveaux édifices couverts de sculpture ornementale viennent en effet bouleverser le paysage architectural désormais gallo-romain. Sans précédent dans les constructions laténiennes, les décors architectoniques connaissent dès lors une importante diffusion et évoluent au gré d’influences diverses dont les premières sont dictées par des jalons métropolitains comme le temple de Mars Ultor.Plusieurs auteurs ont déjà proposé des synthèses retraçant l’évolution des décors architecturaux de Rome à l’époque impériale, pour le Ier siècle notamment. Elles sont en revanche beaucoup plus rares dès lors que l’on s’intéresse aux provinces de l’Empire et en particulier au nord des Gaules et aux Germanies, alors même que le matériel y est abondant. Ce constat est d’autant plus vrai à mesure que l’on avance vers la dynastie des Antonins puis vers les Sévères, à tel point que la seconde moitié du IIe et le IIIe siècles sont des époques quasiment désertées par les chercheurs.Situé dans la lignée de travaux récents concernant le décor architectonique « tardif » en Gaule et dans les Germanies (Genainville, Champlieu, Neumagen, Bordeaux, Pont-sainte-Maxence), ce travail propose une nouvelle synthèse centrée sur les deux derniers tiers du IIe et le IIIe siècle de notre ère. À partir d’un corpus réuni au sein des territoires éduen, lingon et sénon, il tente d’une part de caractériser les décors employés sur les bases, colonnes, chapiteaux, architraves, frises et corniches. En mettant en lumière une évolution pour chacun de ces éléments, il est alors possible de dégager des éléments chrono-typologiques. La question du répertoire ornemental est également abordée, ce qui permet de s’interroger sur les mécanismes évolutifs, la circulation des modèles et les différentes contraintes qui président aux changements observés. Enfin, l’étude des blocs permet de proposer plusieurs restitutions et d’ainsi avoir une idée de l’activité architecturale qui caractérise les différents sites observés. / The development of monumental stone architecture was part of the most telling clues about roman culture entering in Gaul, after Cesar’s conquest. Short while after the Principate started, new buildings covered with ornamental sculpture created a new architectural landscape in the territories that thus formed the roman Gauls. Even though architectonic ornaments had no precedent in the Iron Age, their spread quickly became very important. Ornaments thus started to evolve, taking monuments from Rome itself as first models ; for example the temple of Mars Ultor.Several authors have already written papers about the evolution of architectonic ornaments in the Imperial Rome, in particular for the Ist century AD. However, publications about the Provinces of the Empire are scarcer, especially regarding north of Gauls and Germanies. This observation is even more obvious for later periods such as the second half of the IInd and the IIIrd century A.D.My thesis belongs to a serie of recent works about « late » architectonic ornaments in roman Gauls and Germanies (about collections such as those of Genainville, Champlieu, Neumagen, Bordeaux, Pont-sainte-Maxence). It focus on a period from the years 130 to the years 230 AD (approximately from the reign of Antoninus to this of Alexander Severus). From a corpus gathered over three civitates (Aedui, Lingones, Senones), my work tries to define which ornaments were employed on the components of architectural orders (basis, columns, capitals, architrave, friezes, cornices), to understand how they were allocated, and to highlight how they evolved over decades. Ornamental repertory is also an important point : it allows to question about evolution mechanisms, patterns diffusion and other reasons that made handcrafters change their carving techniques. To finish, studying architectonic pieces provide possibilities of reconstructing monuments, so as to have a idea of what was building activity like in the three studied civitates.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The study done in funeral archeological areas reflects part of the human behavior against death and, under a bioarcheological research view, data that allows a better understanding about the individual and its society is gathered through the dynamics seen in the funeral contexts. Researches done in the region of Xingó between the 80’s and 90’s provided a rich artifact and human osteological collection. The Justino site, classified as cemetery and habitation place, is composed by more than 160 graves, deposited in long layers, reaching more than five meters deep. In the research here mentioned, four graves of this site were selected due to the presence of European origin glass beads. By choosing such artifacts, a suggestion on using funeral ornaments to establish chronologies related to the site is done. In order to do that, graves and individuals are analyzed to provide reliability on the original context of the glass beads and to trace the bioanthropological profile of the selected skeletons. Regarding the ornaments, a technical and composition classification is done on the pieces produced in national territory. For the glass beads made in Europe during the 13th century, several classifications are proposed, emphasizing the production period. This way, it is possible to assign a date to Justino site posterior to the 16th century, increasing the occupation period of the site as a cemetery. / O estudo promovido em áreas arqueológicas funerárias reflete parte do comportamento humano diante da morte, e, sob a ótica da pesquisa bioarqueológica, são levantados dados que permitem entender mais sobre indivíduo e sociedade, através da dinâmica vista nos contextos funerários. As pesquisas realizadas na região de Xingó, entre as décadas de 80 e 90 propiciaram um rico acervo a nível de artefatos e material osteológico humano. O sítio Justino, classificado enquanto cemitério e habitação, é composto por mais de 160 sepulturas, depositados em longas camadas, atingindo profundidades superior a cinco metros. Dentro da pesquisa aqui abordada, foram selecionadas quatro sepulturas do sítio, determinadas pela presença de contas de vidro de origem europeia. Ao escolher tais artefatos, é lançada a proposta em utilizar adornos pertencentes a contextos funerários, para estabelecer cronologias relativas ao sítio. Para isso, são analisados indivíduos e sepulturas, para dar confiabilidade quanto ao contexto original das contas e, traçar o perfil bioantropológico dos esqueletos selecionados. No que remete aos adornos associados, é promovida uma classificação técnica e de composição para as peças produzidas no território nacional, e, às contas em vidro, fabricadas na Europa desde o século XIII, são propostas diversas classificações, dando ênfase ao período de produção, permitindo assim a atribuição de uma datação relativa ao Justino, posterior ao século XVI, ampliando assim o período de ocupação cemiterial do sítio. / Laranjeiras, SE

O objetivo do presente trabalho é, através do estudo do material lítico polido do interior de Minas Gerais e São Paulo, compreender melhor os artefatos, identificá-los e, assim, contribuir para o conhecimento do modo de vida das populações que deles fizeram uso. Tratamos inicialmente dos cronistas, primeiras fontes sobre os artefatos, cuja riqueza das descrições nos permite preencher várias lacunas que de outra forma (apenas com os dados arqueológicos) permaneceriam. Em seguida definimos estes artefatos, descrevemos suas características essenciais. Com o auxílio da bibliografia discutimos as classificações elaboradas no passado para algumas destas peças e apontamos possíveis novas abordagens. Através da análise do material, identificamos tipos, apresentamos as peculiaridades e similitudes relativas às diferentes regiões e, quando possível, as respectivas associações a grupos culturais ou afiliações a Tradições Arqueológicas. Trazemos ainda informações obtidas através de trabalho de arqueologia experimental que julgamos essencial para uma compreensão mais ampla dos artefatos, os custos envolvidos em sua produção e manutenção. Finalmente apresentamos uma síntese do conhecimento obtido com toda a análise, buscando explicitar como o material lítico polido, freqüentemente preterido nos estudos, pode trazer contribuições importantes para a reconstrução dos passado dos habitantes desta parte das Américas. / The objective of the present work is, through the study of the polished lithic material from inland Minas Gerais and São Paulo, to have a better understanding of these artifacts, identify them, and to contribute for the knowledge in the way of life of the populations that made use of them. At first we write about the first sources on these artifacts, whose rich descriptions allows us to fill in several gaps that otherwise (trough the archeological data only) would stay. Then we defined these artifacts, describe their essential characteristics. With the aid of the bibliography we discus the classifications elaborated in the past for some of these and point new possible approaches. Through the analysis of these stone artifacts, we create types, present their peculiarities and similarities related with the different areas they were found and, when possible, the respective associations to cultural groups or affiliations to Archeological Traditions. We also bring information obtained through work of experimental archeology that we judged essential for a wider understanding of the artifacts, the costs involved in their production and maintenance. Finally we presented a synthesis of the knowledge obtained with the whole analysis, looking for stress how the polished lithic material, frequently ignored in the studies, can bring important contributions for the reconstruction of the inhabitants of this part of America\'s past.