Self governance has proved to be a suitable instrument for the management of a common pool resource like fisheries. Under self governance, individuals organize themselves for the use of a resource, to deal with problems derived from the free access: overexploitation and low profit levels. Although there is a large amount of research devoted to investigate the common pool resources and self governance, there are two areas that represent a gap in the current research. One, what are the main variables related to likely self governance adoption? Two, how is the potential for self governance related to the economic efficiency of the resource users? Unlike most of previous research that involves ex-post analysis, this is an ex-ante assessment of the potential for self governance for management of a common pool resource: a small-scale fishery located in Mexico. This research hypothesizes a positive relationship between fisher's technical efficiency and the likely adoption of self governance for the management of the fishery. Taking a set of theoretical conditions, this research assesses the fishers' perception on the adoption of self governance. Further, a stochastic frontier analysis is applied to estimate the technical efficiency of each fisher. Finally, a relationship between the potential for self governance with technical efficiency, revenue, and other variables such as education and fisher experience is explored. The results show no significant effect of technical efficiency and revenue on the potential for self governance, as well a weak positive effect of fisher experience on the likelihood for self governance adoption. The findings of this research may be useful to improve the efficiency of the fishing activity and encourage the adoption of self governance in the study site. The method proposed in this research is based on attitudes of the fishers, and it represents a step toward understanding apriori whether self governance would be implementable or not. Thus, as an ex-ante assessment, it is hoped to help predicting individual's behavior to deal with the overexploitation and low income levels derived from the use of a common pool resource.

Thesis (M.Econ. (Economics & Economic History)) - Rhodes University, 2009.

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-10-15T14:03:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSEMERY ARAÚJO ALVES - TESE (PPGRN) 2018.pdf: 4234809 bytes, checksum: 3500f1a1afc337fa598d096139ded102 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-15T14:03:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSEMERY ARAÚJO ALVES - TESE (PPGRN) 2018.pdf: 4234809 bytes, checksum: 3500f1a1afc337fa598d096139ded102 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06 / Capes / A pesquisa retrata um conflito de cunho ambiental, social, econômico e político propagado na praia da Pipa, pertencente ao município de Tibau do Sul, no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, fazendo parte do Pólo Turístico Costa das Dunas. Tem-se como objetivo geral “Analisar os conflitos socioambientais relacionados à utilização dos recursos de uso comum (common-pool resource – CPR) pelo turismo em Pipa- Tibau do Sul/RN, à luz dos princípios de Ostrom (1990), visando disponibilizar alternativas de autogestão para melhor condução do desenvolvimento mais sustentável do destino”. As técnicas de investigação usadas na pesquisa envolvem: observação direta e participante, documentos pessoais, registros fotográficos, entrevistas semiestruturadas, relatos orais, com anotações e principais observações adquiridos dos investigados na pesquisa. Foram delimitados como alvo do estudo, lideranças e/ou empreendedores locais, relacionados com associações/ grupos e/ou ONG‟s, incluindo nativos e forasteiros considerados cidadãos pipenses pelos longos anos de vivência na praia. Remetendo ao conflito socioambiental em Pipa, percebe-se o surgimento do cenário discordante por volta da década de 1990, em decorrência das novas relações de poder entre os agentes produtores do turismo. Emerge juntamente com uma especulação desenfreada de capital externo, suscitando uma grande onda de urbanização e transformações na destinação turística. Dentre os principais impactos sociais, percebe-se mudança radical nos novos hábitos de vida, com modificação do território e das antigas moradias. Além das alterações nas atividades econômicas tradicionais, evidências de degradação, aculturação, prostituição, tráfico de drogas, dentre outras questões que influenciam negativamente a vida da comunidade local. Com a observação in loco, percebe-se que fortes lideranças, que já foram muito engajadas e envolvidas com associações e ONG‟s, passaram por crises de resistência e alguns desistiram de permanecer na lutar como reflexo do descrédito do setor público em apoiar as propostas e ações dos movimentos. Os princípios de governança de Ostrom foram analisados no contexto do desenvolvimento turístico de Pipa, e apesar das limitações existentes, há pressupostos que demonstram a viabilidade da autogestão como mecanismo de preservação e mediação para os conflitos existentes. Não trata-se de uma proposta de fácil execução, tendo em vista o histórico de desbravamento e exploração desordenada, obstante, a comunidade apresenta ferramentas concretas de reverter o cenário, desde que, continuem se integrando e ultrapassem a vertente do individualismo, passando a focar verdadeiramente no bem coletivo. Assim, é necessário ampliar as possibilidades de participação, envolvendo a população nas decisões que visam o desenvolvimento do destino turístico, com valorização e integração desse grupo que pode fazer a diferença. Portanto, a tese alcançou os objetivos delimitados e com os instrumentos de coleta de dados consegue-se de forma bem sucedida responder às questões impostas, sendo possível a análise do conflito socioambiental com diretrizes para nortear a autogestão dos recursos de uso comum vinculados ao turismo. Como contribuição, a pesquisa estrutura um plano de ação para que a comunidade possa se integrar e agir, visando ter maior autonomia sobre os bens naturais. / The research portrays an environmental, social, economic and political conflict propagated on the beach of Pipa, belonging to the municipality of Tibau do Sul, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, being part of the Costa das Dunas Tourist Pole. The objective of this study is “to analyze the socio-environmental conflicts related to the use of common-pool resource (CPR) by tourism in Pipa- Tibau do Sul / RN, in the light of Ostrom's (1990) principles, in order to make available self-management alternatives to better manage the more sustainable development of the destination." The research techniques used in the research involve: observation direct and participant, personal documents, photographic records, semi-structured interviews, oral reports, with annotations and main observations acquired from those investigated in the research. The study focused on local leaders and / or entrepreneurs related to associations / groups and / or ONGs, including natives and outsiders considered to be Pipa citizens for the long years of living on the beach. Referring to the socio-environmental conflict in Pipa, we can see the emergence of the discordant scenario around the 1990, as a result of the new power relations between the producers of tourism. It emerges along with a rampant speculation of external capital, provoking a great wave of urbanization and transformations in the tourist destination. Among the main social impacts, one can notice a radical change in the new habits of life, with modification of the territory and the old houses. In addition to changes in traditional economic activities, evidence of degradation, acculturation, prostitution, drug trafficking, among other issues that negatively influence the life of the local community. With in loco observation, it is clear that strong leaders, who have already been very involved and involved with associations and ONGs, have experienced resistance crises, and some have given up remaining in the fight as a reflection of the public sector's discredit in supporting proposals and actions movements. Ostrom's governance principles were analyzed in the context of Pipa's tourism development, and despite the existing limitations, there are assumptions that demonstrate the feasibility of self-management as a mechanism of preservation and mediation for existing conflicts. This proposal is not easy to implement, given the history of exploration and disorderly exploitation, however, the community presents concrete tools to reverse the scenario, as long as they continue to integrate and go beyond the strand of individualism, focusing on truly in the collective good. Thus, it is necessary to increase the possibilities of participation, involving the population in the decisions that aim at the development of the tourist destination, with valorization and integration of this group that can make the difference. Therefore, the thesis reached the delimited objectives and with the instruments of data collect it is possible to successfully respond to the issues imposed, being possible the analysis of the socio-environmental conflict with guidelines to guide the self-management of resources of common use linked to tourism. As a contribution, the research structures a plan of action so that the community can integrate and act, aiming to have greater autonomy over natural assets.

This research explores the French environmental governance framework, and endeavors to establish the implications of its highly centralized structure for the management of common-pool resources (CPRs), by studying in detail the opportunities for administrative and decisional power at the local level. The study employs Elinor Ostrom’s eight design principles for sustainable CPR governance as a benchmark to evaluate the institutions surrounding two resources: water and nature reserves. The results reveal that despite these resources being under strong management, their governance remains centralized, with a distribution of power from the top-down, that limits the agency of local authorities and resource users to create institutions or devise operational rules for their resources. These institutional blockages deter local initiatives and deny local resource users the possibility of a more appropriate and flexible management of their CPRs, both notable outcomes of collaborative governance according to Ostrom. Economic interests are often found to take precedence over environmental concerns, and stakeholder engagement is sometimes inadequate, leading to a weakening of legitimacy and costs shouldered by local ecosystems. Thus, the study concludes that France must continue its journey towards decentralization, enhance the autonomy of localities, and improve its performance in transparent democracy in order to achieve more sustainable CPR institutions.

Werden Defizite in Bewässerungssystemen als rein technisches Problem betrachtet, führt dies zur Ausblendung sozialer und kultureller Aspekte der Ressourcenverwaltung. Als Konsequenz werden sinnvolle technische Innovationen von der Bevölkerung nicht angenommen und verbleiben letztendlich ungenutzt. Bisherige Studien über das südmarokkanische Oasengebiet im Ziz-Tal hatten überwiegend ökologische und ingenieurtechnische Ansätze verfolgt. Das Forschungsinteresse dieser Arbeit liegt stärker auf den kollektiven Handlungsmustern, Regelsystemen und spezifischen Variationen sozialer Vereinbarungen in Form von formellen und informellen Institutionen der traditionellen und der heutigen Bewässerung. Zum Verständnis der gegenwärtigen Situation werden die rechtlichen und politischen Rahmenbedingungen, der soziokulturelle Kontext sowie die naturräumlichen Voraussetzungen und Umweltveränderungen – mit besonderem Blick auf die verfügbaren Wasserressourcen in dieser ariden Region – analysiert und das institutionelle Gefüge in einer auf Methoden der qualitativen Sozialforschung basierenden Fallstudie in einem Oasendorf untersucht.

Werden Defizite in Bewässerungssystemen als rein technisches Problem betrachtet, führt dies zur Ausblendung sozialer und kultureller Aspekte der Ressourcenverwaltung. Als Konsequenz werden sinnvolle technische Innovationen von der Bevölkerung nicht angenommen und verbleiben letztendlich ungenutzt. Bisherige Studien über das südmarokkanische Oasengebiet im Ziz-Tal hatten überwiegend ökologische und ingenieurtechnische Ansätze verfolgt. Das Forschungsinteresse dieser Arbeit liegt stärker auf den kollektiven Handlungsmustern, Regelsystemen und spezifischen Variationen sozialer Vereinbarungen in Form von formellen und informellen Institutionen der traditionellen und der heutigen Bewässerung. Zum Verständnis der gegenwärtigen Situation werden die rechtlichen und politischen Rahmenbedingungen, der soziokulturelle Kontext sowie die naturräumlichen Voraussetzungen und Umweltveränderungen – mit besonderem Blick auf die verfügbaren Wasserressourcen in dieser ariden Region – analysiert und das institutionelle Gefüge in einer auf Methoden der qualitativen Sozialforschung basierenden Fallstudie in einem Oasendorf untersucht.

With climate change and increasing populations, water availability is becoming even more important in the region of Sahel, Africa, where droughts have plagued the states for centuries. In response to this growing concern, seven Sahelian states have initiated cooperation over their shared groundwater resources, an action that is still quite unique globally, given the overlooked status of groundwater. This paper analyses their agreement using Elinor Ostrom’s framework for sustainable collective management of common-pool resources. It concludes that, although the agreement reflects progressive intentions, the attention towards the local levels of governance is insufficient. This conclusion is important specifically for the future of this agreement, and generally feeds into a discussion of governance of larger-scale, transboundary CPRs.

This study took place in northern Tanzania in Babati district. Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) are establishments that endorse conservation of the wildlife and the environment, development and sustainable land-use in the rural areas. The aim of the organization is to provide local communities with economic benefits and including them in the projects of wildlife and habitat conservation (Kicheleri et al., 2018). However, it is unclear if the aim of the organizations has worked that well in the field. The aim of this study is to analyze some of the local attitudes, of the villages Minjingu, Vilima Vitatu and Kakoi, towards Burunge Wildlife Management Area. This study will also analyze how the membership with WMA has changed the living conditions for the inhabitants in the three villages, by conducting semi-structured interviews on villagers, a WMA secretary and the district council officer. Results indicate that the most common perception villagers have about WMA is that the household income has decreased, and the destruction on land and crops by wildlife has increased. The villagers are unhappy about how WMA handles different situations. Due to this, the majority of the respondents from all three studied villages stated they would like to end the membership with WMA.

The challenges of sustainability and its complexities born out of overexploitation of resources, leading to climate change issues, food wastage, and scarcity, economic and health-related dilemmas, has yet to find their solution in top-down models, taking the form of hierarchical control (rulers), as such, researchers have considered other alternatives to how communities can tackle these issues, and one of such approach is the bottom-up model. Recent research and literature on collective action have focused on sequencing events like regime changes, riots, revolutions, protests, and the founding of social movement organizations. This study ethnographically investigated the relevant factors for collective action and factors influencing individual cooperation in the local community initiative, Food Rescue Gotland, through a four-week participant observation with eight in-depth interviews. The relevant factors identified in this context were a sense of community, passion for sustainability, good atmosphere for work, committed volunteers and trust, availability of resources and goodwill ambassadors, ease of participation, small size, effective communication, and good structure. Significant factors influencing individual cooperation include knowledge about sustainability, a sense of belonging, and a shared sense of community. This study contributes to the broader literature on successful collective action for sustainability in the context of local community initiatives. It contributes further to the replicability of this kind of local community initiative in other communities and awareness of its impact on Gotland Island, Sweden.

This paper concerns the planning for sustainable development of a global common pool resource within an autocratic region. The study is focused on the coral reef of the Red Sea, shared between the basin countries; Djibouti, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Yemen, Somalia, Israel, Jordan and Eritrea, where most nations are autocracies and developing countries. The viewpoint of this research is the only multinational project within the region focused on the conservation and sustainability of the coral reefs in the Red Sea, the “Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of Coral Reefs in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (RAP CCRRSGA)”. The aim of the research in this paper is to study the planning of this project in relation to sustainable development, through an interpretation of Ostrom’s framework using seven out of eight design principles. This research is executed through a method of ideal-type analysis, in order to assess how ideal-types of these design principles correlate with the planning of this project through similarities between the project and the design principles. This research has resulted in and demonstrated the importance of clarified compliance and cooperation, to reach effective and successful planning of sustainable development pertaining to a shared common pool resource within an autocratic region.