De tekniska system som tävlar om förarens uppmärksamhet i bilar och lastbilar ökar både i antal och komplexitet. Detta kanske inte är ett problem på en rak, lugn motorväg men minskar fokus på själva körningen och om något oväntat skulle hända kan konsekvenserna bli allvarliga eftersom föraren är distraherad och kan behöva ta in för mycket information på en gång. Syftet med projektet var att utveckla ett system för att presentera endast relevant och önskad information till förare av lastbilar och bussar i kritiska trafiksituationer. Detta för att göra det möjligt för föraren att fokusera mer på körningen och därigenom göra den säkrare och bekvämare. Å ena sidan ska systemet upptäcka vilken typ av trafiksituation lastbilen befinner sig i. Å andra sidan ska det avgöra vilken typ av information som skulle vara relevant för föraren i den situationen. Med en litteraturstudie, insamlad statistik, intervjuer och författarnas åsikter som grund identifierades ett antal händelser (som telefonsamtal och förekommande varningar) som kan inträffa i förarhytten på en lastbil och hur mycket de vardera skulle öka förarens arbetsbörda (workload). Detsamma gjordes för ett antal vanliga trafiksituationer som kan betraktas som kritiska och kräver mer uppmärksamhet än att bara köra rakt fram. Dessa händelser och situationer betygsattes därefter utifrån hur mycket de skulle öka belastningen på de sinnen som används mest i en körsituation, nämligen: synen, hörseln, motoriken och kognitionen. Matriser gjordes i vilka uppgifter och situationer ställdes mot varje sinne med betyg vilket senare användes som grund för de tre koncept som utvecklades för systemet. Koncepten hette Jigsaw, Fever och Three’s a crowd och utvärderades i en workshop på Scania. De två första realiserades i form av prototyper som gjordes i programmet GUIDE. Logiken som byggdes upp i programmet bestod av tillståndsmaskiner och med boolsk logik samt if- och while-slingor. / The technical systems that compete for drivers’ attention in cars and trucks are increasing both in numbers and complexity. This may not be a problem on a straight and sound highway but definitely decreases the focus on the actual driving and if something unexpected was to happen there could be dangerous consequences, due to too much distraction and information overload. The purpose of the project was to develop a system to present only relevant and desired information to drivers of trucks and busses in critical traffic situations, for the Swedish truck manufacturer Scania. This will enable the driver to focus more on the driving thus creating a safer and more comfortable driving situation. On one hand the system had to detect what type of traffic situation the truck is in. On the other hand it had to determine what type of information would be suitable for the driver in that situation. With a literature study, statistics, interviews and the authors’ judgments as a basis the project first identified a number of tasks (like phone calls and occurring warnings) that can take place in the cab of a truck and then assess how much they respectively would raise the workload of the driver. The same was done for a number of common traffic situations that were considered as critical and demanded more attention than just driving straight ahead. All these tasks and situations were graded on how much they would raise the load on the senses most used in a driving situation: visual, auditory, motor and cognitive. Matrices were made cross-referencing the tasks and situations with the grades on each modality and was used as the basis for the three concepts for the system that was developed. The concepts called Jigsaw, Fever and Three’s a crowd were evaluated in a workshop at Scania and the first two were realized in the form of prototypes which were made in the software GUIDE. The logic was made up of state machines and Boolean operators and if- and while-conditions.

This study assesses the phenomenon of additional water intruding into sewage sys-tems in different areas of Sweden. Additional water means in this case the non-foul water that can originate from storm water runoff, which is either supposed to be con-veyed into the pipe system or intrudes it by wrongly connected drains. It can also re-sult from in-seepage of groundwater due to imperfections of the pipe system itself. It is intended to analyze how different features of the areas have an impact on the extent of this phenomenon. Further, an estimation of the conditions in future scenarios will be obtained. This includes an indication about the potential risk of a sewage system overflow, the expected volume of inflow at treatment plants and thus about the sys-tem´s suitability for the future. Numerical, hydrological compartment models for 19 cities in Sweden were set-up. The used parameters were obtained from previous studies by the Swedish Environ-mental Protection Agency. In these models present and future climate data were ap-plied. For future scenarios three different climate change projections were used which contain bias corrected climate data timeseries for each study area. The climate change scenarios were supposed to represent an "optimistic", "average" and "pessimistic" outlook. By assessing the outputs of the climate models, it was concluded that signifi-cant differences can occur, depending on exact geographical location and chosen cli-mate models. A sensitivity analysis was conducted of how geology, climate and status of the pipe system have an impact on the extent of additional water flows. It revealed that the status of the sewage system has by far the biggest impact. Finally a discharge analysis showed a potential outlook of future development of additional water flows for the chosen study sites, yielding highest increase for the sewage systems of Kiruna, Karlskoga and Sundsvall.

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la relación entre el síndrome de sobrecarga y las estrategias de afrontamiento en 93 cuidadores principales de pacientes oncológicos pediátricos (69,9% mujeres, 30,1% varones, edad promedio =37,20 años, DE=11,32), seleccionados de forma no probabilística. Se aplicó la Escala de Sobrecarga del Cuidador y el Cuestionario COPE-28. Los resultados indican la presencia de correlaciones significativas e inversas que varían entre -.25 y -.56. Sin embargo, no se evidenció una asociación significativa entre las dimensiones de la sobrecarga del cuidador y el uso de sustancias. Por otro lado, se identifican diferencias significativas en la sobrecarga según el lugar de procedencia y las horas dedicadas al cuidado. Se concluye que existe una relación significativa entre el síndrome de sobrecarga y las estrategias de afrontamiento. / The purpose of the study was to determinate the relationship between the caregiver overload and the coping strategies in 93 principal caregivers of pediatric cancer patients, who were selected in a non-probabilistic way (69,9% female, 30.1% male, mean age = 37.20 years, SD=11,32). The scales Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale and the COPE-28 were applied. The results show the presence of significant and inverse correlations that vary between -.25 and -.56. Nevertheless, there was no significant association between the dimensions of caregiver burden and substance use. On the other hand, higher levels of overload are identified according to the variables of place of origin and hours dedicated to care. It is concluded that there is a significant relationship between overload syndrome and coping strategies. / Tesis

I takt med att Sverige går mot ett mer klimatsmart och hållbart samhälle samtidigt somskatteavdragen på solceller blir mer lönsamma och mindre komplicerat, så har installationer avsolceller genomgått en enorm ökning dem senaste åren. En ökningstakt som väntas fortsätta. Omsedan flertalet kunder väljer att installera solceller i ett svagt område skulle detta kunna leda tillproblem i form spänningsvariationer och överbelastningar i elnätet.Syftet med studien är därför att identifiera de områden där många solelinstallationer kan leda tillproblem, utreda vilka faktorer som är risker för problematiska nät, lista och prioritera nät i behov avåtgärder samt undersöka vilka områden som är troligast att en storskalig installation av solcelleruppstår i först.I studien utfördes en vid analys av Ellevios lågspänningsnät, där spänningsvariationer ochöverbelastning i nätet undersöktes. Tre områden från analysen med låg potential för solcelleranalyserades djupare för att kontrollera mellanliggande näts tillstånd. Mätdata från områden medinstallerade solceller bearbetades för att utgå som referens för hur verklig sol-produktion kan se ut.För att undersöka var framtida solceller kan installeras studerades granskapseffekten ochmedelinkomst per postnummer. Slutligen listades och prioriterades Ellevios nät utefter behov avåtgärder, där prioriteringen utgår från områden med högst konsekvens och vart framtida solcellertroligast uppstår.Resultatet blir en riskvärdering där andel av områden presenteras utifrån sannolikheten att solcelleruppstår och konsekvenser. Analysen visar att den parameter som påverkade flest områden ilågspänningsnätet är spänningsvariation i sammankopplingspunkt. I djupanalysen framgår attmellanliggande nät är lika, om inte mer sårbara för stor installation av solceller. De områdena medinstallerade solceller visar att den individuellt högsta producerade effekten aldrig kommer upp tillden installerade samt att den sammanlagrade effekten för solelproducenterna i ett område hamnarlångt under den installerade effekten. / As Sweden moves towards a more climate-smart and sustainable society at the same time as the taxdeductions on solar cells become more profitable and less complicated, installations of solar cellshave undergone an enormous increase in recent years. A rate of increase that is expected tocontinue. If many customers choose to install large solar cells with high power in a weak area, thenthis could lead to problems in the form of voltage variations and overloads in the electricity grid. Thepurpose of the study is therefore to identify the areas where many solar installations can lead toproblems, investigate the factors that are risks for problematic networks, list and prioritize networksin need of measures. As well as to investigate in which areas large-scale installation of solar cells aremost likely to occur in.In the study, a broad analysis was performed of Ellevio's low voltage network, where voltagevariations and overloads in the network were investigated. Three areas from the analysis with lowpotential for solar cells were analyzed more deeply to check the condition of intermediate networks.Measurement data from areas with installed solar cells were processed to be used as a reference forwhat actual solar production can look like. To investigate where future solar cells can be installed,the spatial neighborhood effect and average income by postcode were studied. Finally, Ellevio'snetwork was listed and prioritized according to the need for measures, where the prioritization isbased on areas with the highest consequence and where future solar cells are most likely to arise.The result is a risk assessment where the proportion of areas is presented based on the probabilitythat solar cells arise and consequences. The analysis shows that the parameter that affected mostareas in the low-voltage network is voltage variation in the connection points. The in-depth analysisshows that intermediate networks are similar, if not more vulnerable to large-scale installation ofsolar cells. The areas with installed solar cells show that the individually highest produced powernever reaches the installed one and that the combined power for the solar producers in an area endsup far below the installed power.

As a result of new information technology and globalization, there has never before been a time when people have had better access to information, than nowadays. The potential overload of information builds the basis for the research questions of this cumulative dissertation, which relates to the extensively discussed 'disclosure overload problem'. Special focus is put on decision-useful information in voluntary reporting of capital market-oriented companies. In this context the first manuscript investigates the quality of information in voluntary strategy reporting and formulates qualitative principles. Based thereon, the second manuscript examines determinants influencing the quality of strategy reporting. The third manuscript is focusing on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reporting and investigates the relation of transparency in CSR reports and external assurance. The prior discussed topics as well as financial reporting and new reporting concepts, like integrated reporting, are put into context in the fourth manuscript. In this educational case study special emphasis is placed on the determination of material information, which is of high importance for future decision leaders.

En muchas ciudades el crecimiento de la congestión vehicular es mayor al crecimiento poblacional. Las ciudades con mayor congestión en el mundo son Bombay, Bogotá y Lima. Esta última cuenta con un nivel de congestión vehicular aproximado del 66%, este se puede medir mediante la saturación de la vía realizando un estudio HCM. Estudios previos han analizado la influencia de la temperatura, velocidad, y carga sobre la carpeta asfáltica. Debido a esto, el impacto de la congestión debería considerarse en el diseño de pavimentos urbanos. La investigación, verificó que la congestión tiene una influencia en el incremento de la temperatura de la superficie del pavimento, la reducción de la velocidad y el aumento de carga vehicular. Se calculó que a mayor temperatura y menor velocidad se reduce el módulo de elasticidad de la carpeta asfáltica. Para esto, se consideró una diferencia de temperatura con y sin congestión, de 35°C y 25°C respectivamente. Se ha propuesto una carpeta asfáltica tibia con adición de caucho al 18% que pueda soportar los efectos de la congestión vehicular. Se buscó reducir las deformaciones máximas de la carpeta y aumentar el número de ciclos de repetición de carga que puede soportar el pavimento, para que estos sean adecuados a los efectos de la congestión. Esto se logra al incrementar el módulo de elasticidad. Finalmente, se obtuvo un aumento del 45% en el módulo de elasticidad, una reducción del 50% de deformaciones permanentes, y un aumento del 500% aproximadamente en el número de ciclos de carga. / In many cities, the increase in traffic congestion is greater than population growth. The most congested cities in the world are Bombay, Bogota and Lima. The latter has an approximate congestion level of 66%, which can be measured by road saturation using an HCM study. Previous studies have analyzed the influence of temperature, speed, and load on the asphalt surface. Because of this, the impact of congestion should be considered in urban pavement design. The research verified that congestion has an influence on the increase of pavement surface temperature, the reduction of speed and the increase of vehicular load. It was calculated that the higher the temperature and the lower the speed, the lower the modulus of elasticity of the asphalt layer. For this purpose, a temperature difference of 35°C and 25°C with and without congestion, respectively, was considered. A warm asphalt pavement with 18% rubber was proposed to withstand the effects of vehicular congestion. The aim was to reduce the maximum deformations of the binder and increase the number of load repetition cycles that the pavement can withstand, so that they are adequate to the effects of congestion. This is achieved by increasing the modulus of elasticity. Finally, a 45% increase in the modulus of elasticity, a 50% reduction in permanent deformations, and an increase of approximately 500% in the number of load cycles were obtained. / Tesis

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how influencer marketing is experienced by young adult women between the ages of 18 to 30, how the purchase intention is affected by their trust in, and trust in, influencers and influencer marketing as a marketing strategy and to see if there is fatigue of influencer marketing.  Research questions:  1. What do young adult women want to experience to make a purchase via influencer marketing on Instagram? 2. What is the attitude of young adult women towards influencer marketing in terms of trust and confidence? 3. How do young adult women react to the increasing prevalence of influencer marketing on Instagram? Methodology: A qualitative method has been applied to 20 informants. The semi-structured interviews took place on the video call application Zoom.  Theories: This study is based on six theories; eWOM, Influencer marketing, Trust and Confidence, Purchase intention, Theory of planned behavior and Information overload. Empiric: The empiric presents an interpreted view of the informants' answers in text.   Conclusion: The conclusions of this study are: 1. Young adult women have to feel a need, applicability to everyday life and the will to have, to feel that they want to make a purchase through influencer marketing. 2. Young adult women's attitudes to influencer marketing regarding trust and confidence vary from influencer to influencer and thus their buying intention in relation to influencer marketing is affected to varying degrees. 3. There is an oversaturation of influencer marketing on Instagram in young adult women aged 18 to 30 years / Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka på vilket sätt influencer marketing upplevs av unga vuxna kvinnor i åldrarna 18 till 30 år, hur köpintentionen påverkas av deras förtroende för, och tillit till, influencers och influencer marketing som marknadsföringsstrategi samt att se om det finns en trötthet av influencer marketing  Forskningsfrågor:  1. Vad vill unga vuxna kvinnor uppleva för att genomföra ett köp via influencer marketing på Instagram?  2. Vad har unga vuxna kvinnor för inställning till influencer marketing i termerna tillit och förtroende? 3. Hur har unga vuxna kvinnor reagerat på den ökade förekomsten av influencer marketing på Instagram? Metod: En kvalitativ metod har tillämpats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med 20 informanter. De semistrukturerade intervjuerna skedde via videosamtalsapplikationen Zoom.   Teori: Denna studie har utgått från sex teorier; eWOM, Influencer marketing, Förtroende och tillit, Köpintention, Teorin om planerat beteende och Informationsöverbelastning.  Empiri: I empirin presenteras en tolkad syn på informanternas svar i text.  Slutsats: Studiens slutsatser är: 1. Unga vuxna kvinnor behöver känna ett behov, tillämpbarhet till vardagen och viljan att ha, för att känna att de vill genomföra ett köp via influencer marketing. 2. Unga vuxna kvinnors inställning till influencer marketing avseende förtroende och tillit varierar mellan olika influencers och således påverkas unga vuxna kvinnors köpintention i relation till influencer marketing i varierande utsträckning. 3. Det råder en trötthet av influencer marketing på Instagram hos unga vuxna kvinnor i åldrarna 18 till 30 år.

Urbanization has been a growing trend in the past fifty years. Cities are now transforming into smart cities, spaces whose infrastructure comprises an embedded digital layer. Hardware collects real-time data in the urban environment and software elaborates it to improve all types of services, from traffic to waste management to well-being. One technology that is expected to use this digital layer to further change the urban environment is the autonomous car. The purpose of this dissertation is to explore what key design attributes future autonomous cars should possess if they have not only to co-exist with and be accepted by people in the landscape of tomorrow’s smart cities, but also what they should not possess in order not to cause any harm. In this sense, the dissertation recognizes calm technology to be necessary in the design of a future autonomous car to support a human-centered, as opposed to a car- or technology-centered, environment. A socio-technical and systemic lens is applied to the phenomenological investigation of nine companies carried out by means of twelve in-depth semi-structured interviews with experts working within the automotive sector, the smart city industry, and calm technology. Eight attributes (safety, on-demand, geo-tracking, sharing, multiple purposes, communication through smart devices, electrical care and IoT/connectedness) are identified as necessary for future autonomous cars to implement in order to take advantage of the smart city infrastructure and provide a human-centered experience. Additionally, six out of the eight calm technology principles recognized in literature are considered necessary when designing future autonomous cars.

This thesis focuses on managing stress overload in social services of social rehabilition for clients with mental disorders. The goal is to clarify the resources of the overburdened of the social service managers from the view of the managers. This thesis is divided into teoretical and empirical part, in witchteh conducted research and its results are described. Teretical part defines mental disorders and discusses possible characterizations and manifestation of behaviour within people with mentaldiseases. Nongaverment nonprofit organization and their management are disorders. An important part of thesis is chapter dealing with stress overload with focus on social service managers. All chapters of the theoretival part are based on knowledges from literature. The empirical part focuses on the conducted research with discovered sources of overload of social service managers as a focal point. Research design comes from qualitative methods. In-depth interviews were conducted with several social service managers; based on these, the areas of stress in their profession were identified in three main parts, managers in general, specifical for particular social service and overload from concurrend and cumulation of previous domain. Keywords: mental disordes, executive, social services of social...

Information and the way of perceiving it are important for people, especially people with lower cognitive capabilities. According to previous studies, animation has the power of communicating and delivering the required message to different cognitive levels in simple and realistic methods. This qualitative study investigates the animation's role in alleviating information overload for people with lower cognitive skills, and explores the possibilities of using the animation as an alternative tool to the current methods of overload such as pictures and text. Data was collected through conducting interviews with caretakers, testing a prototype, and the second round of interviews. The findings indicated that animation in this field was positive and could surely be used as a future tool for providing information in their context. However, some considerations should be taken into account regarding how animation should be tailored to the users, such as the cognitive level differences and customizing the animation for instance.