Der Anteil der externen Nachfolge bei eigentümergeführten bzw. Familienunternehmen nimmt stetig zu. Eine Möglichkeit ist dabei ein Management-Buy-In, bei dem ein externer Manager die Position des Altinhabers übernimmt. In einer solchen Situation kann die Nachfolge in Form einer Relay Succession erfolgen, eine zeitlich gestaffelte Übergabe vom alten an den neuen Inhaber. In dieser Arbeit werden die Relay Succession, ihre Vor- und Nachteile, relevante Einflussfaktoren und Prozessempfehlungen in qualitativen Fallstudien untersucht.

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Som skoglig sektorsmyndighet är det Skogsstyrelsens uppgift att omsätta regeringens skogspolitiska mål i praktiken. De behöver därför ha kunskap om deras arbete faktiskt ger effekter i skogsbruket. Ett verktyg för att undersöka effekter är utvärderingar. Genom en utvärdering kan Skogsstyrelsen se vilka effekterna är samt få ett underlag till att förändra och utveckla framtida projekt. Denna studie syftade till att utvärdera effekter hos deltagare avseende kunskapsinhämtning och användningsgrad samt deltagarnas upplevelse av vattenkvällarna i projektet Skogsbruk och vatten inom Landsbygdsprogrammet hos Skogsstyrelsen i Östergötland. Utvärderingen genomfördes som en kvantitativ intervjustudie genom telefonintervjuer med 50 deltagare från vattenkvällarna. Resultatet visade att informationen var lärorik och på en lagom nivå samt att muntlig information och praktiska förevisningar var de informationskällor som gav mest. Användningsgraden varierade beroende på hur mycket kunskap de hade sedan tidigare och om de har vattendrag på den egna fastigheten. Flertalet ansåg att det delvis skett en förändring av deras synsätt och framtida brukande av skog. Majoriteten hade ett bra helhetsintryck. / As the state authority of forestry the purpose of the Swedish Forest Agency is to transfer forest policy into practice. Therefore, it has to obtain knowledge of its efforts and their effects on forestry. A tool to measure such effects is evaluation. Through evaluating these effects the Swedish Forest Agency can develop and improve its future projects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Forestry and Water project run by the Swedish Forest Agency in the district of Östergötland, supported by the Rural Development Program, on participants with respect to increased knowledge, usefulness and experience of the Water seminars. The evaluation was made as a quantitative interview study and data was gathered through phone interviews with 50 participants in the Water seminars. The results showed that the information was worthwhile and distributed at an appropriate level. Furthermore, oral presentations and practical advices were the most suitable way of gaining information. The usefulness varied among participants depending on previous knowledge as well as if they had waters on their own forestry properties. Several participants thought that the seminars to some degree had changed their approach and thoughts about future forestry. The general impression of the water seminars was good for a majority of the participants.

Šio magistro baigiamojo darbo objektas - prekių ženklo naudojimo reikalavimo problematika. Magistro baigiamajame darbe yra nagrinėjami tarptautiniai, Europos Sąjungos bei nacionaliniai teisės aktai, reglamentuojantys prekių ženklo naudojimo reikalavimą, analizuojama aktuali Europos Bendrijų Teisingumo Teismo, Europos Bendrijų pirmosios instancijos teismo bei Vidaus rinkos harmonizavimo tarnybos (prekių ženklams ir dizainui) praktika. Šio darbo tikslas yra išnagrinėti probleminius prekių ženklo naudojimo reikalavimo teorinius bei praktinius aspektus ir pateikti galimus šių problemų sprendimo variantus. Magistro baigiamajame darbe aptariama prekių ženklo naudojimo reikalavimo samprata, tikslai bei taikymo ypatumai. Pagrindinis dėmesys šiame darbe skiriamas prekių ženklo naudojimui keliamų reikalavimų teisinio reglamentavimo bei taikymo teisminių ir kvaziteisminių institucijų praktikoje analizei. Konkrečiai, magistro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjamas prekių ženklo naudojimo iš tikrųjų reikalavimas, analizuojami prekių ženklo naudojimo subjektams, būdui, laikotarpiui, vietai ir apimčiai keliami reikalavimai. Paskutinėje darbo dalyje apžvelgiamos aplinkybės, pateisinančios prekių ženklo nenaudojimą. Šiame magistro baigiamajame darbe keliama hipotezė, jog pagrindinę prekių ženklo naudojimo reikalavimo problematiką sukelia ne teisinio reguliavimo netobulumas, o prekių ženklo naudojimui keliamų reikalavimų aiškinimas bei taikymas praktikoje. / The subject matter of this thesis is the problematic of obligation to use the trademark. This thesis provides with the study of international, European Union and Lithuanian national law related to obligation to use the trademark as well as analysis of the relevant case-law of European Court of Justice, Court of First Instance and the Office of Harmonization for the Internal Market (Trade Marks and Designs). This work aims to analyze the problematic theoretical and practical aspects of obligation to use the trademark as well as to suggest possible solutions to the problem. This thesis gives an overview of the concept of obligation to use the trademark, its purposes and peculiarities of application. The main emphasis of this work is on analysis of regulation of requirements imposed on trademark use as well as their application in the case-law of judicial and quasi-judicial institutions. In particular, this thesis provides analysis of the genuine trademark use requirement as well as requirements for the subjects, nature, place, time and extent of the trademark use. The last part of the work deals with the circumstances which justify non-use of the trademark. This thesis raises the hypothesis that the main problematic of obligation to use the trademark is caused by practical interpretation and application of requirements for trademark use rather than by imperfection of legal regulation.

Well-being at work is of major public interest, and justice at the workplace can be a key factor contributing to employees and managers feeling well. Research has found direct relationships between organizational justice perceptions and work and health outcomes. With research on the justice–health link still emerging, this thesis examines the moderating and mediating processes for the effects of justice perceptions on work outcomes and especially health outcomes. As little is known about those who enact justice, the antecedents and consequences of justice enactment are also studied. In Study I, the relationships between organizational justice and work and health outcomes were in focus, as the moderating role of job characteristics was investigated utilizing the demand–control(–support) model. Organizational justice and job characteristics were associated with work and health outcomes within and across time. The multiplicative effects showed that the organizational justice effects were stronger when perceived job demands were high, job control was low or social support was low. Study II examined the processes through which justice perceptions translate into health outcomes. Building on the allostatic load model, mental preoccupation with work was found to be a relevant mediator of the justice–health relationship, with locus of control moderating the mediated relationships. Study III focused on the actor perspective. Investigating predictions based on the deontic model of justice and ego-depletion theory, moral regard and justice self-efficacy predicted justice enactment positively, and justice enactment had positive effects on feeling professionally recognized but also negative health consequences for the actors themselves. This thesis contributes to advancing the emergent justice–health research stream by providing insights into the processes underlying these aspects, and by incorporating this stream into the actor perspective. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Submitted.</p>

For decades, business press and researchers have observed and investigated the premiums/discounts on closed end investment companies. Proposed explanations for the phenomenon have been poor performance, high expenses (due to agency relationships), inefficient internal capital markets and excess volatility in the returns of the shares of the closed-end investment companies. Some, but not conclusive, empirical evidence support these theories. Most empirical evidence is based on American data. This study uses British and Swedish data on closed end investment companies. Some, but not conclusive, empirical evidence support these theories. Most empirical evidence is based on American data. This study uses British and Swedish data on closed end investment companies from 1972 – 2004 to investigate the premiums/discounts. Three areas of explanations are examined: performance, agency costs and diversification. In contrast to previous studies this study uses detailed data on quoted and unquoted securities respectively to investigate the relationship between performance and premiums/discounts. Evidence is found for a relationship between the performance on unquoted securities and premiums/discounts, but not for quoted securities. Indications that measurement biases in unquoted securities are properly priced are also found. The agency problem is analyzed in two ways, formal and controlling power, to investigate if actions taken by the company substantiating agency behavior have additional effects on prices. Such actions are measured as large investments in other portfolio companies (controlling power).  The empirical evidence suggests that the existence of formal power creates additional discounts. The marginal effect on discounts is even deeper when proposed agency actions are identified. Diversification is argued to decrease the value of a portfolio of securities when heterogeneous beliefs are present. This study provides evidence that portfolio diversification deepens discounts. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2007

abstract: ABSTRACT A survey of board-certified music therapists who identified themselves as self-employed was conducted to examine current methods of marketing related to planning, positioning, promotion, and implementation within a music therapy private practice or contracting model, as well as identify trends in marketing methods as compared to prior research. Respondents (n=273) provided data via online survey as to current marketing practices, assessment of personal marketing skills, and views on marketing's overall role in their businesses. Historical, qualitative, and quantitative distinctions were developed through statistical analysis as to the relationship between respondents' views and current marketing practices. Results show that self-employed music therapists agree marketing is a vital part of their business and that creating a unique brand identity is necessary to differentiate oneself from the competition. A positive correlation was identified between those who are confident in their marketing skills and the dollar amount of rates charged for services. Presentations, websites, and networking were regarded as the top marketing vehicles currently used to garner new business, with a trend towards increased use of social media as a potential marketing avenue. Challenges for respondents appear to include the creation and implementation of written marketing plans and maintaining measurable marketing objectives. Barriers to implementation may include confidence in personal marketing skills, time required, and financial constraints. The majority of respondents agreed that taking an 8-hour CMTE course regarding marketing methods for self-employed music therapists would be beneficial. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.M. Music Therapy 2014

Forestry operations in Sweden can be traced a long way back in history. The overall emphasis has traditionally been on the forests’ economic or profitable role, even though they are also of great ecological and social interests. Nevertheless, the focus has shifted during the last decade due to the impact of sustainable development. A new Forestry Act has now provided the Swedish forestry with a new policy which is guided by two equally-weighted objectives; production and environmental concern. The European Union (EU) has also adapted to the direction of sustainable development. It places particular interest in the creation of sustainable coastal areas within the union. The aim of the Bachelor of Science thesis was to investigate how Swedish coastal forest owners define their role in the creation of sustainable coastal forests. The study is built on interviews which were conducted with seven forest owners, all of whom have properties in the coastal zones of Östergötland and Kalmar. These two counties are situated in the south-eastern part of Sweden. The study raises three different issues. The first is the manner in which the informants shape their knowledge of the existing forestry legislation, based on their identities and responsibilities. The second concerns the preconditions with which they are faced when managing their coastal forest properties and whether or not they see the new legislation as a shift in focus. The final issue highlights the importance of local knowledge and looks at the participation of the informants in the development of new regulations. The following conclusions are drawn from the investigations. Many owners of forest properties do not identify themselves as forest owners; it is therefore important to be aware of this distinction which is made between being a forest owner and being the holder of a forest property. The coastal forest owners who were interviewed run their forests according to their individual situations. Because of this they do not appear to be part of any shift of focus within the Swedish forestry. As a result, they may not have a defined role in its development. This role would probably be clearer or greater if their local knowledge were more explicitly valuated.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar o trabalho do dirigente da pequena empresa a partir da teoria das abordagens dos papéis proposta por Mintzberg e sua possibilidade de descrever o trabalho do dirigente, tendo como unidade de análise o setor da construção civil e o contexto de obras públicas. A pequena empresa é vital para a economia dos países. Da mesma forma, a indústria da construção civil contribui com significativo percentual do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) do Brasil e de diversos países, sejam desenvolvidos ou em desenvolvimento. Embora apresentem-se como relevantes áreas de estudo - a pequena empresa e a indústria da construção civil - carecem de uma melhor análise integrada de suas inter-relações. Na primeira etapa da pesquisa foi realizado um mapeamento sistemático (MS), em uma base de dados de periódicos indexados, para levantar o estado da arte do tema da pesquisa: o dirigente da pequena empresa. Para explorar a questão da pesquisa foi desenvolvido questionário estruturado dividido em duas partes fundamentais. A primeira para obter dados qualitativos (nominais e ordinais) e quantitativos (discretos e contínuos). A segunda parte para identificar a incidência de cada um dos dez papéis propostos por Mintzberg, utilizando modelo categórico de resposta - escala Likert de cinco pontos. A amostra da pesquisa é composta por 39 dirigentes (n = 39) de empresas que entre 2013 e 2015 executaram obras civis - subsetor edificações - para empresa pública da esfera Federal via licitação pública. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio das médias de frequência obtidas e testes de análise de variância (ANOVA) entre as variáveis (primeira parte do questionários e papéis desempenhados pelo dirigente - segunda parte). Como resultado constata-se que dirigentes de empresas de construção civil inseridos no contexto de obras públicas desempenham atividades fundamentalmente relacionadas aos níveis de atuação interpessoal e decisório. Os papéis de líder e contato, ao nível interpessoal, e os papéis de alocador de recursos e negociador, ao nível decisório, são desempenhados com maior frequência pelo dirigente da amostra, representando grande parte do seu dia a dia de atuação. Das variáveis analisadas, a idade do dirigente (para os papéis de contato e disseminador), a estrutura organizacional da empresa (para o papel de disseminador), o percentual de contratos firmados com a Administração Pública em relação ao total de contratos firmados no período de um ano (para o papel de porta-voz) e a capacidade financeira da empresa (para o papel de porta-voz) apresentaram significância estatística, indicando a associação com a variável resposta da pesquisa - o papel desempenhado pelo dirigente da pequena empresa de construção civil. Comprova-se que a abordagem dos papéis de Mintzberg é capaz de explicar o trabalho do dirigente da pequena empresa de construção civil, constatado pelas médias de frequência apresentadas nos três níveis de atuação e dos papéis desempenhados, além das significâncias estatísticas apontadas pela ANOVA. As inferências realizadas contribuem para uma melhor compreensão integrada do trabalho do dirigente da pequena empresa de construção civil inserido no contexto de obras públicas e melhoria de sua gestão. / This study\'s aim is to analyze the small business owner-manager\'s work regarding the public civil construction sector grounded on Mintzberg\'s managerial roles and its possibility to describe the owner-manager\'s work. Small businesses are vital to a country\'s economy. Likewise, the civil construction industry contributes to a high GDP percentage in Brazil and other countries as well, whether developed or not. Although these two topics are relevant areas of study - civil construction industry and small business - its integration is not very much understood. A sistematic mapping was conducted in the first phase. The used database, in which the articles are indexed, established the state of art for the research theme: small business owner-manager. To analyze the research question, a structured questionnaire was created. It was divided in two fundamental parts. The first one to obtain qualitative data (nominal and ordinal) and quantitative (discrete and continuous). The second one to indentify the incidence of one of each Mintzberg\'s ten managerial work roles using a categorical response model, the five point Likert scale. The sample consists in 39 (n=39) small business owner-managers who worked in public civil construction in a Federal bureau between the years of 2013 and 2015 by bidding. The data analysis was performed by the mean and frequencies obteined and by comparison between variables - first part of the questionnaire and the owner-managers roles - using an analysis variance (ANOVA). Findings reveal that the small business owner-managers perform roles grounded on interpersonal and decision making levels. The leader and leaison roles, at the interpersonal level, and the resource allocator and negociator roles, at the decision making level, are the ones the owner-managers spend more time performing. The owner-manager\'s age (for leaison and disseminator roles), the organizational configuration (for the disseminator role), the percentage of the signed contratcs within the Public Administration with the total of the signed contracts between a year period (for the spokesperson role) and the business financial capacity (for the spokesperson role) are statistically significant, showing direct relationship with the response variable - the owner-mager\'s work. The results also support that Mintzberg\'s managerial rolles is able to explain the small business owner-manager\'s work, verified by means and frequencies and the ANOVA comparison. This study contibutes to a deeper and integrated understanding about the small business owner-manager in the public civil construction sector.

Orientador: Doris Catharine Cornelie Knatz Kowaltowski / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T22:56:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monteiro_EvandroZiggiatti_D.pdf: 54099352 bytes, checksum: 499a9322e573da09268f69802c7161e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A inserção da vegetação na paisagem urbana tem sido explorada como uma forma simples e eficaz de melhorar a qualidade de vida das cidades. O principal objetivo deste estudo de caso está na investigação da aceitação do verde como catalisador de melhorias na sensação de conforto ambiental e da paisagem nos bairros autoconstruídos de centros urbanos brasileiros. Propõe uma abordagem mais integrada dos espaços abertos, introduzindo o conceito de um sistema ¿verdes-dentro¿ e ¿verdes-fora¿, como forma alternativa e holística de pensar a disponibilidade de áreas verdes na cidade. Os espaços abertos . privados e públicos . de um bairro de autoconstrutores da cidade de Campinas-SP (Residencial São José) foram levantados a partir de fotografias aéreas e caracterizados morfologicamente. O trabalho defende a utilização de uma metodologia baseada no processo de projeto do arquiteto em investigações como esta, que envolvem a forma e a qualidade do espaço físico, tanto no presente quanto no futuro. A partir de uma base de CAD (desenho com auxílio de computador) foram gerados três tipos de desenhos à mão: 1. a situação atual da paisagem; 2. simulação de um futuro provável, de adensamento sem a presença de vegetação e 3. simulação de um futuro desejável, com a inserção de vegetação, criando-se uma imagem chamada de ¿verde pleno¿. Os desenhos tornaram-se substratos importantes para aplicação de entrevistas que procuravam investigar a visão dos moradores sobre a sua comunidade e sobre o seu senso de desenvolvimento futuro do bairro. Esses desenhos, chamados de ¿visões prospectivas¿, foram feitos com base no próprio ambiente do morador, substituindo as analogias com imagens de outros lugares que são comuns em metodologias participativas. As entrevistas focam a relação dos moradores com os espaços abertos de seu próprio lote (verdes-dentro) e com o espaço público (verdes-fora), e a sua percepção de conforto ambiental e de qualidade da paisagem. Os resultados do estudo mostram que, embora os espaços abertos existentes sejam efetivamente pouco aproveitados para uma boa condição do conforto e da paisagem do bairro, o método dos desenhos prospectivos causa identificação imediata do morador com as situações apresentadas. Conclui que muitos dos moradores autoconstrutores exercem um papel ativo na tentativa de melhoria das condições ambientais de seu bairro através da inserção e defesa do verde. Finalmente conclui que a inserção do verde é sempre positiva para a melhoria das condições do ambiente e da paisagem desses bairros, embora não seja ainda conclusivo quanto a sua maior eficácia se aplicada em ambas as categorias de espaços abertos, privados e públicos / Abstract: Nature.s insertion in the urban landscape has been explored as a simple and efficient measure to enhance cities. quality of life. The main goal of this case study is the investigation of the social acceptance of greening Brazilian owner-built residential areas and of its positive effects on environmental comfort perception and on the landscape. The study proposed an increased integration of open spaces in these suburbs, with the introduction of a concept termed ¿spaces outside¿ and ¿spaces inside¿. This concept is seen as an alternative and more holistic form of working with green in urban areas. Open spaces (private and public) of a specific owner-built suburb (Residencial São José) in the city of Campinas, Brazil, were evaluated through aerial photographs and these were morphologically characterized. This work defends a methodology based on the architects. non-verbal language and processes in investigations where it is important to analyze the shape and quality of the physical space, present and future. From this data CAD (Computer Aided Design) base, drawings were produced and rendered by hand to create three scenarios: 1. images of the current situation of the area with its present built-up condition; 2. images of probable future developments of the area without green areas and lacking vegetation and 3, images simulating of a future urban condition with vegetation purposely distributed, creating what might be called the "fully green" possibility or vision. These drawings became important support material for the interviews held with the local population to investigate their views on their community and their sense of the future development of the area. The interview method with images of ¿prospective visions¿ of the specific reality replaced the more common method, used in participatory processes, with typical analog images of other ¿foreign¿ places The interviews focused on the relation of the population with the open spaces on their own lots, ¿inside spaces¿, and with the public green areas, ¿outside spaces¿. The inquiry was centered on the feelings of comfort and the urban landscape quality. The results of the study show that, even though the existing open spaces are little used to improve to environmental comfort conditions and add little to the image of a recommended urban landscape, the method caused an immediate identification of the inhabitants with the situations shown. Concludes that many of the owner-builders do play an active role in trying to improve their district conditions through inserting and taking care of green. And also concludes that greening is always a positive way of improving environmental and landscape quality in low income districts, but the results are not conclusive about its more efficiency when applied to both their open spaces categories: private and public / Doutorado / Arquitetura e Construção / Doutor em Engenharia Civil