Syftet med denna etnografiska studie var att få större förståelse för hur hundägare samspelar med sina hundar och hur de tillskriver könsroller på sina hundar i sociala interaktioner. Studien baserades på deltagande observationer med hundägare och deras hundar när de besökte en hundrastplats i en medelstor stad i Sverige. Studien genomfördes med ett symbolisk interaktionistiskt perspektiv samt ett socialkonstruktivistiskt genusperspektiv där det hävdas att individen skapas genom sociala interaktioner. Resultatet visade att många hundägare har förväntningar på hur deras hundar skall uppföra sig efter mänskliga könsroller. Det var mer accepterat att en tik uppvisade ett stereotypiskt manligt beteende än att en hane uppvisade stereotypiskt feminina beteenden. De kvinnliga hundägarna tenderade att behandla sina hundar som barn, medan män tenderade att behandla hundarna som sina kompisar samt uppvisade en mer stoisk relation till hundarna. Studien visade även att hundägare gärna beskriver sina hundar i könade termer som bygger på mänskliga uppfattningar. Analysen koncentrerar sig på samspelet mellan hundägare och deras hundar för att öka förståelsen för hur hundägare tillskriver könsroller till sina hundar. / The purpose of this ethnographic study was to gain deeper knowledge of how dog owners interact with their dogs and how they ascribe gender roles on their dogs in social interaction. The study was based on participant observation with dog owners and their dogs when they visited a dog resting area in a medium sized city in Sweden. The study was conducted with a symbolic interactionist perspective, and from a social constructivist gender perspective, which states that the individual is created through social interactions. The results showed that many dog owners have expectations for how their dogs should behave according to human gender roles. It was more accepted that a female dog displayed a stereotypical male behavior than a male displaying stereotypically feminine behaviors. The female dog owners tended to treat their dogs like children, while men tended to treat the dogs as their friends and displayed a more stoic relationship to the dogs. The study also showed that dog owners happily describe their dogs in gendered terms, which are based on human perceptions. The analysis concentrates on the interplay between dog owners and their dogs to increase understanding of how dog owners ascribe gender roles to their dogs.

The governing bodies of the association of owners of (residential) units and their decision/making This thesis deals with the governing bodies of the asscociation of owners of (residential) units, their position in Czech legal order and their decision-making. Thesis is focused on the performance of decision making in practise and problems which are associated with it. It focuses primarily on the enactment of Act No. 72/1994 Coll., Act on ownership of (residential) units, including government regulation No. 371/2004 Coll., where are defined standard Articles of owners of (residential) units, which focuses on the problematic provisions or lack of legislation. The thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter is introductory, there are defined goals of the work, postition of ownership of units in the Czech legal system, its historical development and definition of key terms. The second chapter describes the association of owners of (residential) units as a legal person, its origin, the rights and obligations standing in the legal system, including membership, which takes a closer view of the conditions, rights and obligations of individual members, and way of termination of membership. The third chapter describes the governing bodies of the association of owners of (residential) units. This...

- Legal regulation of economic management including book- keeping of the association of unit owners The thesis aims to provide summary of legal rules regulating the economic management of the association of unit owners (hereinafter referred to as "association"). Economic management, the key term, is treated in a very broad sense, i.e. including legal regulations addressing related areas of accounting, salaries and taxes. Comparison of former and current legal regulation lies in the focus of the thesis, also included is an assessment of practical impacts of changes induced by recent private law recodification. The thesis also brings quite a few practical examples, showing application of both former and current legal regulation. The thesis comprises seven chapters. The first, prologue chapter, presents the object and goal of the thesis. The second chapter presents definitions of general legal terms used in the area of joint ownership of dwellings. The general term economic management of the association is also presented here as comprising two separate areas, those areas being assets management and cash management. The third chapter deals with association's assets management, focusing on administration of entrusted assets, i.e. of the land plots and common elements of the building. Also presented in...

The reason why I chose this topic for my master's degree thesis is its currency, which results from the recodification of the Czech civil law. The topic is also interesting and useful. I also live in two Flat Owners Associations (FOA), so it may have influenced my option. The aim of the thesis is to describe and explain the basic institutes of FOA. I put some emphasis on its bodies, while trying not to avoid the interpretative disputable areas. I will be grateful if this thesis helps some FOAs in their everyday problems. The thesis is divided into twelve chapters. After the introductory, theoretical and historical chapters, there follows the fourth chapter, which deals with the two fundamental terms - the administration of the house and the common parts of the realty. The fifth chapter describes FOA as an artificial legal person. It also deals with the founding and establishment of FOA. The next chapter focuses on the articles - the very important instrument for FOA's operation and management. The seventh chapter characterizes the rights and duties of the owners of the flats. The bodies of FOA and the judicial intervention into its decision-making process are analyzed in chapters eight and nine. The task of the tenth chapter is to describe the special form of (the) decision-making of the owners of...

THESIS SUMMARY: ARTICLES OF APARTMENT OWNERS ASSOCIATION The thesis deals with the regulation of apartment owners associations in the Czech Republic, in particular, with the articles of association of such legal entity. The paper is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on the Czech statutory regulation (especially The Act on Ownership of Apartments No. 72/1994 of Collection of Laws, and The Government Order No. 371/2004 Coll.) of the apartment owners association in general. There has been provided a short survey of the historical evolution of the ownership of apartments in the world as well as in the Czech Republic and a short depiction of the approaches on apartment ownership models - Anglo-Saxon-French and German Models. Greater attention in the first part is given then to the legal entity of apartment owners association. It examines the foundation and dismissal of the association, its legal capacity (and limits given by law), the membership in such association, and its bodies - assembly, statutory body, and other optional bodies. The second part is devoted to the articles. It is always necessary to examine the articles in light of the current legislation, which greatly affects the content of the articles. In the beginning of the second part, short characteristics of the articles is given,...

Rights and duties of the member of Flat owners association The purpose of my thesis is to focus on applicable law in the Czech Republic, particularly the Flat Ownership Act 72/1994 Coll. and analyze the rights and duties of the members of Unit owners association. The reason for my research is that the flat ownership and housing is one of the most important sector which affects the general public. The thesis is composed of three chapters, each of them dealing with aspects of flat ownership. Chapter one informs about historical context of housing and tries to introduce the flat ownership in general. Thesis provides information about contemporary regulation and also about relevant provisions of new coming civil code which will be applicable by 1 January 2014. Next chapter is introductory to Flat owners association and defines basic terminology. It explains a legal framework regulating the legal entity of the association and regulation of common property management. Including the internal structure and describes some relevant issues in respect with Flat owners association. Last chapter is most significant part of the thesis. The main aim is to analyze the rights and duties of flat owners and especially the members of flat owners association. The thesis concentrates on problems resulting from this...

In my Diploma thesis I focus on rights and duties of the member of the Community of owners of housing units. The Community of owners of housing units and related issues are regulated in Act No. 72/1994 Coll., the Flats Ownership Act. Some general regulation can be found also in the Civil Code. First of all, in the introduction of my Diploma thesis I wanted to describe the reasons that lead me to choose this theme. After that I explained the methods I used in the process of completing of this thesis. After the explanation of the choice of the theme and the methods I concerned with the general regulation of the Community. In this chapter I described the birth of the Community and its articles of association. Here I was concerned with the approval and content of the articles of association and also with so called model articles of association and situations, when they are applicable. I also mentioned the regulation of bodies of the Community. According to Flats Ownership Act, the compulsory bodies of the Community are the meeting of unit owners and the statutory body, which can be represented either by committee or by the authorized owner. There is also a possibility to create special bodies of the Community by specific adjustment of the articles of association. At the end of this chapter I analyzed the...

- Governing Bodies of the Unit Owners' Association and Their Decision- Making The aim of my thesis is to analyze the system of governing bodies of the unit owners' association, their decision-making, powers and liability. The thesis also attempts to focus on and to clarify certain legal questions relating to the provisions of the Unit Ownership Act that cause problems of interpretation with the professional public, courts and unit owners. The thesis is composed of five chapters. Chapter One is introductory and outlines the legal framework of the topic and relevant Czech legislation, and sets out the aims of the thesis. Chapter Two examines the nature of the unit owners' association as a legal entity endowed with limited (special) legal personality that is formed by operation of law (ex lege). The association may exercise only such powers and only to the extent expressly permitted and set forth in the provisions of the Unit Ownership Act (No. 72/1992 Coll.) such as administration, operation, maintenance, repair, and replacement of common elements of the building. Each unit owner in the building submitted to the Unit Ownership Act is entitled to undivided ownership of common elements, and also becomes a member of the relevant association. Chapter Three addresses the issue of the Articles of...

Cette thèse repose sur l'analyse de la trajectoire sociale de cent cinquante-quatre propriétaires fonciers de Floresta et Tacaratú, deux villes moyennes de la région du Médio São Francisco1, l'arrière-pays du Pernambouc. La recherche de documents judiciaires et notariaux permet de situer les caractéristiques de la formation sociale de cette catégorie de propriétaires, dans la période de l'exécution de la Loi de Terres de 1850, moment où le gouvernement impérial du Brésil cherchait à concrétiser des transformations économiques et sociales importantes, telles que les ventes de terres publiques à des particuliers.Pour ce faire, nous nous proposons d'analyser le régime de copropriété qui caractérisait nombre de biens de propriétaires fonciers. L’étude comparative des sources a permis de mettre en évidence des caractéristiques sociales, politiques, culturelles et économiques de ces membres des familles traditionnelles de la région. À partir d'une approche d’histoire sérielle et prosopographique, nous avons constitué les réseaux de sociabilité développés par ce groupe élitaire, tel que le réseau matrimonial, le réseau patrimonial et le réseau politique bureaucratique.Nous avons constaté que ces familles de copropriétaires fonciers ont participé de la construction de cet espace de l'arrière-pays, comme catégorie socialement dominante et tant que de membres de la bureaucratie administrative locale. / This thesis is based on the analysis of the social trajectory of one hundred and fifty to four landowners Tacaratú and Floresta, two towns in the region of Medio Sao Francisco, the interior of Pernambuco. The analysis of court documents and notary can put the characteristics of the social formation of the class property owners, in the period of implementation of the Land Act of 1850, when the Imperial Government of Brazil sought to implement changes economic and social importance, such as sales of public land to individuals.To do this, we propose to analyze the co-ownership of property that characterized many of the landowners. Comparative research has highlighted the social, political, cultural and economic of the members of traditional families in the region. Using an approach prosopographic and serial history, we established the social networks developed by this elite group, such as matrimonial network, the network and the network patrimonial bureaucratic politics.We found that these families of land owners were involved in the construction of this area of the hinterland, as socially dominant class and as members of the local government bureaucracy.

Le concept de vigilance entrepreneuriale introduit par Kirzner (1973) joue un rôle clé dans le processus de détection d’opportunités d’affaires. Depuis les travaux conduits par l’école autrichienne, ce concept a été largement développé et a soulevé un certain nombre de questionnements par les chercheurs. L’approche cognitive a permis d’apporter quelques éléments de réponses en affinant le concept. En s’inspirant des travaux initiaux de Kirzner (1973, 1989) et de ceux de l’approche cognitiviste, Tang et al. (2012) ont proposé une nouvelle définition plus intégratrice. Ces auteurs ont modélisé et opérationnalisé la vigilance entrepreneuriale autour de trois dimensions : la veille et la recherche d’informations, la capacité à faire des associations et des connexions entre les informations, et celle de les évaluer et de les juger. La question des antécédents potentiels de la vigilance entrepreneuriale restait en suspens (Valliere, 2013). En réponse à la remarque de Valliere (2013) et aux besoins de connaissances et de statistiques du champ de la santé entrepreneuriale, nous avons étudié les effets du sommeil sur ce processus. À cet effet, la théorie de l’attention a permis de faire des liens entre les champs de l’entrepreneuriat et du sommeil. Afin de répondre à la problématique, une posture positiviste, associée à un mode de raisonnement hypothético-déductif, a été adoptée. Treize hypothèses de recherche ont été proposées à partir desquelles le modèle conceptuel a été construit. Afin de le valider, une étude quantitative en coupe instantanée de deux mois a été conduite auprès de dirigeants de PME. À l’issue de cette enquête, 238 questionnaires ont été récoltés. Ces derniers ont été analysés par la méthode des équations structurelles basée sur les moindres carrés partiels (PLS). Les résultats soulignent l’importance du sommeil dans le maintien des capacités cognitives, attentionnelles et entrepreneuriales pour un dirigeant de PME. / The concept of entrepreneurial alertness introduced by Kirzner (1973) plays a critical role in the process of business opportunities detection. Since the work conducted by the Austrian school, this concept has been widely developed and has raised numerous questions by researchers. The cognitive approach has pointed to some answers by refining the concept. Inspired by the initial work of Kirzner (1973, 1989) and those conducted by the cognitive approach, Tang et al. (2012) proposed a more inclusive definition. These authors modeled and operationalized entrepreneurial alertness by three dimensions: alert scanning and search, alert association and connection and evaluation and judgment. The issue of potential antecedents of entrepreneurial alertness remained unresolved (Valliere, 2013). In response to the comments of Valliere (2013) and the entrepreneurial health field’s needs for knowledge and statistics, we proposed to study the effects of sleep on this process. To this end, the theory of attention allowed to make the links between the fields of entrepreneurship and sleep. To meet the problematic, a positivist posture associated with a hypothetical-deductive approach was adopted. Thirteen research hypotheses were proposed from the conceptual model was built. To validate this model, a cross sectional quantitative study of two months was conducted among SME owners/directors. At the end of this survey, we collected 238 questionnaires. These were analyzed by the structural equation method based on Partial Least Squares (PLS). The results highlight the importance of sleep in maintaining cognitive, attentional and entrepreneurial abilities for SME owners/directors.