21 |
CHEMICAL LOOPING GASIFICATION PROCESSESLi, Fanxing 27 August 2009 (has links)
No description available.
|
22 |
Evaluation de la contribution d'une hémoglobine marine dans la culture cellulaire et dans la cellularisation de substituts osseux et méniscaux par des cellules souches mésenchymateuses / Evaluation of the contribution of marine hemoglobin in cell culture and in the cellularization of bone and meniscal substitutes by mesenchymal stem cellsLe Pape, Fiona 21 January 2016 (has links)
Ce travail de thèse avait pour objectif le développement de systèmes de culture cellulaire, en 2D et en 3D, en mettant à profit les propriétés d’un transporteur d’oxygène marin, HEMOXCell®. Notre approche générale était articulée selon deux grands axes : un premier concernant l’évaluation de l’utilisation d’HEMOXCell® dans la culture de deux modèles cellulaires, et un second, utilisant les résultats obtenus à des fins d’ingénierie tissulaire. Dans le premier axe, l’évaluation de l’effet dose-réponse d’HEMOXCell® dans la culture des cellules CHO-S et des cellules souches mésenchymateuses (CSM), a permis de déterminer des concentrations de travail optimales, favorisant la viabilité et la prolifération cellulaire. Le modèle cellulaire CHO-S a contribué à la mise en place d’un test de performance de la molécule, et encouragé son utilisation dans des systèmes de bioproduction. Les essais menés sur les CSM ont quant à eux permis de valider l’innocuité de la molécule à de faibles doses et le maintien de l’état « souche ». L’idée d’associer les CSM à des supports poreux est prometteuse pour des applications d’ingénierie tissulaire, mais est soumise aux problèmes liés à l’oxygénation en profondeur des supports. Dans le second axe de ce projet, nous avons oeuvré à améliorer la colonisation de substituts osseux et méniscaux, en culture statique et dynamique, en présence d’HEMOXCell®. Parallèlement, une étude a été menée pour tenter de caractériser les cellules méniscales. Les analyses de la colonisation des biomatériaux suggèrent un effet bénéfique d’HEMOXCell® lorsqu’il est utilisé en complément des milieux de différenciation cellulaire. Ce travail a contribué à améliorer la compréhension de ce transporteur d’oxygène et à l’élargissement de ses potentiels champs d’utilisation notamment dans un cadre thérapeutique. / This work aimed to develop cell culture systems, in 2D and 3D, based on the properties of HEMOXCell®, a marine oxygen carrier. Our approach was articulated in two main parts: the first one dealing with the assessment of the use of HEMOXCell® in the culture of two cellular models, and the second one, exploiting the results obtained for tissue engineering purposes. In this first axis, the dose-response effect of HEMOXCell® in the CHO-S cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in vitro culture, allowed the identification of optimal working concentrations, which can promote cell viability and proliferation. The CHO-S model has contributed to the establishment of a performance test of the molecule, and encouraged its use for bioproduction stimulation. The tests performed on MSCs were used to validate the harmlessness of the molecule at low doses and the maintenance of "stemness". The idea to associate MSCs with porous scaffolds is a promising approach for tissue engineering applications, but it is confronted to the lack of oxygen in the depth of the substitutes. In the second part of this project, we worked at improving the cellularization of bone and meniscal substitutes, under static and dynamic culture systems, w/ and w/o HEMOXCell®. In parallel, a study was conducted to attempt to characterize the meniscal cells. Analyses of cellularized biomaterials suggest a beneficial effect of HEMOXCell® when used as a differentiation media supplement. This work contributed to improve this oxygen carrier understanding and to extend the field of its potential uses particularly for therapeutic applications.
|
23 |
Combustion en boucle chimique : Etude des performances d'un transporteur d'oxygène et estimation de la contribution du liant / Chemical Looping combustion : Study of an oxygen carrier performances and estimation of the binder's contributionBlas Montesinos, Lucia 23 September 2014 (has links)
La réduction des émissions anthropiques de CO2 constitue actuellement un enjeu majeur. Parmi les technologies destinées à la production d'énergie, le Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) présente un potentiel intéressant avec un faible coût de capture de CO2. Le CLC consiste à produire de l'énergie à partir de combustibles fossiles, en présence d’un transporteur d’oxygène solide qui fournit l’oxygène nécessaire à la combustion. Le matériau est ensuite régénéré sous air dans un deuxième réacteur. En sortie du réacteur de combustion, seuls les gaz CO2 et H2O sont émis et ainsi, après la condensation de l’eau, du CO2 quasiment pur est obtenu. La viabilité du procédé CLC à échelle industrielle dépend des performances et de la durée de vie des transporteurs d’oxygène utilisés. Au cours de cette thèse, les performances et le vieillissement d’un transporteur d'oxygène modèle (NiO/NiAl2O4), vis-à-vis de l’oxydation de CO ont été étudiées. Pour cela, des cycles d'oxydation-réduction dans un réacteur à lit fixe traversé ont été réalisés. Au cours de l’étude de l'influence des conditions de fonctionnement sur les performances du transporteur, il a été observé que la réactivité du transporteur augmente avec la température. De plus, le liant (NiAl2O4) participe également à la réaction d’oxydation du CO. Une évolution de la structure cristalline du liant au cours des cycles à haute température, a été mise en évidence à l’aide des techniques de caractérisation du solide (DRX, MEB-EDX, TPR,...). En parallèle à ces travaux, un outil numérique de simulation du lit fixe traversé a été développé afin de modéliser la réaction de réduction du transporteur d'oxygène avec le combustible CO. / Nowadays, the reduction of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions (especially CO2) constitutes an important challenge. Among the different technologies currently studied for the CO2 capture during energy production, the Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) shows an interesting potential with a low cost of capture. CLC consists of producing energy from fossil fuels or biomass combustion, in the presence of an oxygen carrier (generally a metal oxide) which provides the required oxygen for combustion. The material is then reoxidized with air in a different reactor. At the combustion reactor outlet only H2O and CO2 gases are emitted, therefore after condensation almost pure CO2 can be obtained. The success of a large scale CLC application depends on finding suitable oxygen carriers with good performances and long lifetime. The objective of this work is to study the performances and the ageing of a model oxygen carrier (NiO/NiAl2O4) with CO as fuel. For this, oxidation/reduction cycles have been carried out in a fixed bed reactor. The influence of the operating conditions on its performances is also investigated. From these studies, it is observed that the reactivity of the oxygen carrier increases with temperature. Moreover, the binder used in the oxygen carrier (NiAl2O4) reacts also with the fuel CO to produce CO2. An evolution on the support’s structure during cycles at high temperature is demonstrated using solid characterization techniques (DRX, MEB-EDX and TPR). After these experimental studies, a numerical model has been developed to simulate the reduction reaction of the oxygen carrier with CO in a fixed bed reactor.
|
24 |
Effets de la température et d'un transporteur naturel d'oxygène au cours de la conservation en transplantation rénale / Effects of temperature and an natural oxygen carrier during preservation in renal transplantationMallet, Vanessa 12 December 2012 (has links)
La méthode de préservation d’organes la plus utilisée actuellement en transplantation rénale est la conservation statique en hypothermie. Cependant, ce mode de conservation induit des dommages inhérents aux lésions du syndrome d’ischémie/reperfusion (I/R). Cette étude a eu pour objectif d’identifier de nouvelles conditions de préservation des greffons, afin de limiter les lésions d’I/R, en modulant la température de conservation ou par ajout d’un transporteur d’oxygène. Nous avons utilisé deux modèles : in vitro avec des cellules endothéliales et in vivo en autotransplantation rénale chez le porc.Les résultats ont confirmé les effets délétères de la conservation à 4°C contrairement à des conservations à 19°C, 27°C et surtout 32°C, permettant d’obtenir une activité métabolique, une viabilité et une intégrité cellulaire supérieures ainsi qu’une diminution des marqueurs de l’inflammation et du stress oxydant. Nous avons aussi démontré les bénéfices d'un nouveau transporteur d’oxygène, M101, dans deux des solutions de conservation les plus utilisés, UW et HTK. L'utilisation de M101 en conservation statique permet une meilleure reprise de fonction à court terme et une réduction de la fibrose, cause principale de la perte du greffon. Enfin, nous avons montré une conservation des bénéfices de M101 à des doses réduites et déterminé que cette protection était due à une multifonctionnalité de la molécule, combinant un transporteur d’oxygène, une activité superoxyde dismutase et une taille importante (permettant de réguler la pression oncotique). Ce travail a montré de nouvelles pistes de réflexion vers une préservation, et donc une qualité, supérieure des organes à transplanter. / The most used preservation method in renal transplantation is hypothermic cold storage (CS). However, this method induces damages inherent to the ischemia/ reperfusion (I /R) syndrome.My study was aimed at identifying new grafts preservation conditions, to limit I/R damage, by varying storage temperature or by adding an oxygen carrier.We used two models: in vitro with endothelial cells and in vivo in pig renal autotransplantation. The results confirmed the deleterious effects of 4°C storage in contrast to conservations at 19°C, 27°C and above 32°C, resulting in improved metabolic activity, cellular viability and integrity as well as a significant reduction in markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Then we demonstrated the benefits of a new oxygen carrier, M101, in the two most used preservation solutions, UW and HTK. Indeed, use of M101 in CS protocols improved short-term function recovery and reduced fibrosis development, main cause of graft loss. Finally, we have shown that the benefits of M101 were preserved at lower doses and we determined that this protection was due to a multifunctionality of the molecule, combining oxygen transport, superoxyde dismutase activity and a large size (regulating oncotic pressure). This work permitted the uncovering of new concepts towards improved organ preservation and quality for transplantation.
|
25 |
Impact de l'oxygénation active et d'un transporteur d'oxygène durant la conservation des greffons rénaux sur machine de perfusion avant transplantation / Impact of active oxygenation and oxygen carrier during the kidney transplant preservation in machine perfusion before transplantationKasil, Abdelsalam 10 December 2018 (has links)
Il est prouvé que la conservation des greffons rénaux marginaux en machine de perfusion (MP) est bénéfique. Cependant, cette méthode nécessite des améliorations afin de minimiser les lésions d’ischémie-reperfusion (I/R), par l’ajout d’oxygène et/ou d’un transporteur d’oxygène. Nous avons cherché à évaluer les effets de l’oxygénation et de l’ajout d’une hémoglobine de ver marin (HbAm, M101) durant la perfusion rénale hypothermique avant transplantation. Nos critères de jugement étaient basés sur la reprise de fonction du greffon et sur les lésions tardives de dysfonction rénale. Nous avons utilisé un modèle porcin : les reins ont été exposés à 1h d’ischémie chaude, puis perfusés dans une MP WAVES® pendant 23h à 4°C avant autotransplantation. Quatre groupes ont étudié : W (MP-21% O2), W-O2 (MP-100% O2), W-M101 (MP-21% O2 + 2g/L HbAm), W-O2+M101 (100% O2 + 2g/L HbAm), (n=6 per groupe). Les reins du groupe W-M101 ont montré un débit de perfusion plus élevé et une résistance rénale plus faible comparé aux autres groupes. Pendant la première semaine post-transplantation, les groupes W-O2 et W-M101 ont montré une créatininémie significativement plus faible et un meilleur taux de filtration glomérulaire (GFR). Les niveaux circulants de KIM-1 et IL-18 étaient plus faibles dans le groupe W-M101, tandis que les niveaux de NGAL et d’ASAT étaient plus faibles dans les groupes d’oxygénation active. Trois mois post-transplantation, la fraction excrétée de sodium et le ratio protéinurie/créatininurie étaient plus élevé dans le groupe W. La créatininémie était plus faible dans le groupe W-M101. La fibrose interstitielle a évalué à 3 mois post-transplantation étaient plus faible dans les groupes W-M101 et W-O2+M101. Nous avons révélé histologiquement que l’infiltration de mastocytes était significativement élevée dans le groupe W comparé aux autres groupes. Nous avons montré que la combinaison de 21% O2 + hémoglobine améliorent la reprise de fonction du greffon rénale. / Introduction: It is proved that preservation of marginal kidney graft in machine perfusion (MP) is beneficial. However, this method requires improvement to minimize the ischemia-reperfusion injuries (IRI), as addition of oxygen and/or an oxygen carrier. We aimed to evaluate the effects of oxygenation (100% or 21%) and the addition of marine worm hemoglobin (HbAm, M101) during hypothermic renal perfusion before transplantation. Our endpoints were based on graft function recovery and late renal dysfunction. Method and materials: We use a porcine model where kidneys were submitted to 1h warm ischemia, followed by WAVES® MP preservation for 23h before auto-transplantation. Four groups were studied: W (MP-21% O2), W-O2 (MP-100% O2), W-M101 (MP-21% O2 + 2g/L HbAm), W-O2+M101 (100% O2 + 2g/L HbAm), (n=6 per group). Results: Kidneys preserved in W-M101 group showed a higher perfusion flow and lower renal resistance, compared to other groups. During the first week post-transplantation, W-O2 or W-M101 groups showed lower blood creatinine and better glomerular filtration rate. Blood levels of KIM-1 and IL-18 were lower in W-M101 group, while blood levels of AST and NGAL were lower in groups with 100% O2. Three months after transplantation, the fractional excretion of sodium and the proteinuria/ creatininuria ratio were higher in W group. Blood creatinine was lower in W-M101 group. Interstitial fibrosis evaluated at 3 months was lower in groups W-M101 and W-O2+M101. We showed that the combination 21% O2 + hemoglobin improves the kidney graft outcome.Conclusion: We showed that the combination of 21% O2 + hemoglobin improved the kidney graft outcome.
|
26 |
Influência dos parâmetros reacionais e da composição dos transportadores de oxigênio, aplicáveis aos processos de combustão e reforma do metano, com recirculação química / Influence of the reaction parameters and composition of oxygen carriers, applicable to the processes of chemical looping combustion and chemical looping reforming of methaneRenato Dias Barbosa 10 December 2014 (has links)
Impulsionados pela busca de fontes limpas de energia, surgem os processos de combustao com recirculacao quimica (CLC), e reforma com recirculacao quimica (CLR). CLC e CLR sao processos quimicos para oxidacao de hidrocarbonetos gasosos. E utilizada a acao de transportadores de oxigenio (TO), para transferir oxigenio do ar para o combustivel (neste caso o metano), evitando-se o contato direto entre ar atmosferico e metano por diversos motivos. Os TOs, compostos por oxidos metalicos na forma de po fino, circulam continuamente entre dois reatores de leito fluidizado (reator de ar e de combustivel), sofrendo sucessivos ciclos de reducao e oxidacao. Os processos se diferenciam com relacao aos produtos, em CLC objetiva-se a geracao de energia, atraves da oxidacao completa do combustivel, resultando em uma mistura de CO2 e H2O, podendo ser facilmente separada por condensacao. No caso do CLR a oxidacao ocorre de maneira parcial, dando origem a uma mistura de gas de sintese (H2 + CO). O CLC apresenta vantagens com relacao aos processos tradicionais de captura de CO2, pois nao se faz necessaria a utilizacao de processos secundarios para separacao gasosa, economizando assim energia, alem do fato de nao gerar gases do tipo NOx. O presente trabalho apresenta a preparacao de duas series de materiais, via impregnacao seca, uma com composicao 2, 4 e 8% m/m de oxido de niquel e outra com os mesmo teores de oxido de niobio, suportados sobre alumina comercial de alta area superficial especifica. Os materiais foram caracterizados pelas tecnicas de picnometria a helio, volumetria de nitrogenio, porosimetria por intrusao de mercurio, DRX, MEV, TPR 5%H2/N2 analisado com TCD em ChemBet, TPR 5%CH4/Ar e TPO 5%O2/Ar sendo a variacao de massa analisada em termobalanca (TGA/DSC), alem de se utilizar de espectrometria de massas para analise dos gases gerados. Os diferentes transportadores de oxigenio foram testados em reator de leito fixo, sendo avaliados em diferentes condicoes experimentais tais como: temperaturas de operacao, vazoes de reagentes gasosos, concentracoes de metano, adicao de CO2 e H2O ao combustivel. Os produtos da reacao no reator de leito fixo foram analisados por cromatografia gasosa e espectrometria de massa. Os resultados mostraram que; o deposito de carbono sobre o catalisador pode ser drasticamente reduzido com a adicao de mistura oxidante junto ao combustivel e que estes oxidos estudados tem potencial aplicacao industrial, mostrando-se seletivos para reforma do metano com consecutiva producao de gas de sintese. / Driven by the demand for clean energy sources, arise chemical-looping combustion - CLC, and chemical-looping reforming - CLR. CLC and CLR are chemical processes for oxidation of gaseous hydrocarbons. Both of them use the action of catalysts, here called oxygen carriers (OC), which transfers oxygen from the air to the fuel (in this case methane), avoiding the direct contact between the two gases for various reasons. The OC\'s are composed of metal oxides in the form of fine power, circle continuously between two fluidized bed reactors (fuel reactor and air reactor), suffering successive cycles of reduction and oxidation. The two processes differ in relation to the products; the aim of CLC is generation of energy (heat), through the complete oxidation of the fuel, resulting in a mixture of CO2 and H2O, which can be easily separated by condensation. In the case of CLR, the oxidation occurs partially, resulting in synthesis gas, a mixture of H2 and CO. The CLC processes shows advantages when compared to other traditional processes for capture of CO2, because it is not necessary to use secondary processes for gas separation, saving energy, besides the fact of no NOx is generated. This work describes the preparation of two series of materials via dry impregnation, which are composed of 2, 4 and 8% w/w niobium oxide or nickel oxide, supported on commercial alumina, with high specific surface area. The materials were characterized by the techniques of helium pycnometry, nitrogen volumetry, mercury intrusion porosimetry, DRX, MEV, TPR 5% H2/N2 analyzed with TCD in ChemBet, TPR 5% CH4/Ar and TPO 5% O2/Ar, being the changes in mass and heat analyzed in a thermogravimetric balance (TGA/DSC) coupled to a mass spectrometer permitting the analysis of the generated gases. The different oxygen carriers were tested in a fixed bed reactor, evaluated in different experimental conditions, such as operation temperature, flow rate of gaseous reactants, methane concentrations, addition of CO2 and H2O to the fuel. The products of the reaction in the fixed bed reactor were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The results show that: the carbon deposits over the catalysts can be drastically reduced by addition of oxidizing mixture together to the fuel and these studied oxides have a potential industrial application, showing selectivity to reforming of methane with consecutive synthesis gas production.
|
27 |
Influência dos parâmetros reacionais e da composição dos transportadores de oxigênio, aplicáveis aos processos de combustão e reforma do metano, com recirculação química / Influence of the reaction parameters and composition of oxygen carriers, applicable to the processes of chemical looping combustion and chemical looping reforming of methaneBarbosa, Renato Dias 10 December 2014 (has links)
Impulsionados pela busca de fontes limpas de energia, surgem os processos de combustao com recirculacao quimica (CLC), e reforma com recirculacao quimica (CLR). CLC e CLR sao processos quimicos para oxidacao de hidrocarbonetos gasosos. E utilizada a acao de transportadores de oxigenio (TO), para transferir oxigenio do ar para o combustivel (neste caso o metano), evitando-se o contato direto entre ar atmosferico e metano por diversos motivos. Os TOs, compostos por oxidos metalicos na forma de po fino, circulam continuamente entre dois reatores de leito fluidizado (reator de ar e de combustivel), sofrendo sucessivos ciclos de reducao e oxidacao. Os processos se diferenciam com relacao aos produtos, em CLC objetiva-se a geracao de energia, atraves da oxidacao completa do combustivel, resultando em uma mistura de CO2 e H2O, podendo ser facilmente separada por condensacao. No caso do CLR a oxidacao ocorre de maneira parcial, dando origem a uma mistura de gas de sintese (H2 + CO). O CLC apresenta vantagens com relacao aos processos tradicionais de captura de CO2, pois nao se faz necessaria a utilizacao de processos secundarios para separacao gasosa, economizando assim energia, alem do fato de nao gerar gases do tipo NOx. O presente trabalho apresenta a preparacao de duas series de materiais, via impregnacao seca, uma com composicao 2, 4 e 8% m/m de oxido de niquel e outra com os mesmo teores de oxido de niobio, suportados sobre alumina comercial de alta area superficial especifica. Os materiais foram caracterizados pelas tecnicas de picnometria a helio, volumetria de nitrogenio, porosimetria por intrusao de mercurio, DRX, MEV, TPR 5%H2/N2 analisado com TCD em ChemBet, TPR 5%CH4/Ar e TPO 5%O2/Ar sendo a variacao de massa analisada em termobalanca (TGA/DSC), alem de se utilizar de espectrometria de massas para analise dos gases gerados. Os diferentes transportadores de oxigenio foram testados em reator de leito fixo, sendo avaliados em diferentes condicoes experimentais tais como: temperaturas de operacao, vazoes de reagentes gasosos, concentracoes de metano, adicao de CO2 e H2O ao combustivel. Os produtos da reacao no reator de leito fixo foram analisados por cromatografia gasosa e espectrometria de massa. Os resultados mostraram que; o deposito de carbono sobre o catalisador pode ser drasticamente reduzido com a adicao de mistura oxidante junto ao combustivel e que estes oxidos estudados tem potencial aplicacao industrial, mostrando-se seletivos para reforma do metano com consecutiva producao de gas de sintese. / Driven by the demand for clean energy sources, arise chemical-looping combustion - CLC, and chemical-looping reforming - CLR. CLC and CLR are chemical processes for oxidation of gaseous hydrocarbons. Both of them use the action of catalysts, here called oxygen carriers (OC), which transfers oxygen from the air to the fuel (in this case methane), avoiding the direct contact between the two gases for various reasons. The OC\'s are composed of metal oxides in the form of fine power, circle continuously between two fluidized bed reactors (fuel reactor and air reactor), suffering successive cycles of reduction and oxidation. The two processes differ in relation to the products; the aim of CLC is generation of energy (heat), through the complete oxidation of the fuel, resulting in a mixture of CO2 and H2O, which can be easily separated by condensation. In the case of CLR, the oxidation occurs partially, resulting in synthesis gas, a mixture of H2 and CO. The CLC processes shows advantages when compared to other traditional processes for capture of CO2, because it is not necessary to use secondary processes for gas separation, saving energy, besides the fact of no NOx is generated. This work describes the preparation of two series of materials via dry impregnation, which are composed of 2, 4 and 8% w/w niobium oxide or nickel oxide, supported on commercial alumina, with high specific surface area. The materials were characterized by the techniques of helium pycnometry, nitrogen volumetry, mercury intrusion porosimetry, DRX, MEV, TPR 5% H2/N2 analyzed with TCD in ChemBet, TPR 5% CH4/Ar and TPO 5% O2/Ar, being the changes in mass and heat analyzed in a thermogravimetric balance (TGA/DSC) coupled to a mass spectrometer permitting the analysis of the generated gases. The different oxygen carriers were tested in a fixed bed reactor, evaluated in different experimental conditions, such as operation temperature, flow rate of gaseous reactants, methane concentrations, addition of CO2 and H2O to the fuel. The products of the reaction in the fixed bed reactor were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The results show that: the carbon deposits over the catalysts can be drastically reduced by addition of oxidizing mixture together to the fuel and these studied oxides have a potential industrial application, showing selectivity to reforming of methane with consecutive synthesis gas production.
|
28 |
Modeling and numerical simulation of coupled reactive fluidized beds in a Chemical Looping Combustion system / Modélisation et simulation numérique de lits fluidisés couplés dans un système de combustion en boucle chimiqueHamidouche, Ziad 21 February 2017 (has links)
Dans cette thèse, des simulations numériques tridimensionnelles instationnaires d'une installation expérimentale de combustion en boucle chimique sont réalisées. Le pilote expérimental, d'une puissance de 120 kWth, utilise un matériau perovskite, à base de Ca-Mn, comme transporteur d'oxygène. Les simulations numériques sont réalisées par le code NEPTUNE_CFD, selon une approche Euler-Euler pour les deux phases (solide et gazeuse), avec des modèles de fermeture spécifiques pour modéliser les transferts de masse, de mouvement et d'énergie. Les réactions hétérogènes (i.e. réactions gaz-solide) de réduction et d'oxydation sont décrites au moyen d'un modèle à cœur rétrécissant dans le grain, qui prend en compte les mécanismes compétitifs dans le processus global de réaction gaz-solide: réaction chimique à la surface interne des particules,diffusion à travers la couche de produits et transfert externe autour des particules. Les résultats des simulations numériques sont validées avec des mesures expérimentales et analysées afin de mieux comprendre le comportement local/instationnaire de l'écoulement gaz-particules réactif dans ce système de combustion en boucle chimique. L'outil théorique/numérique développé dans ce travail sera utilisé pour le dimensionnement d'une unité pilote à l’échelle des installations industrielles. / In this work, reactive unsteady three-dimensional numerical simulations of a Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) plant are performed. The plant is a 120 kWth pilot working with Ca-Mn-based material as selected oxygen carrier. Numerical simulations are performed by NEPTUNE_CFD code using an Euler-Euler approach which computes both the gas and the solid phases in an Eulerian fashion accounting for specific closures in order to model interphase mass, momentum and energy transfers. Reduction and oxidation heterogeneous (i.e. gas-solid) reactions are modeled by means of a grain model (shrinking core model in the grain) accounting for both the competing mechanisms of chemical reaction at the particle internal surface and gaseous diffusion through the product layer. Results from numerical simulations are validated against experimental measurements and analyzed in order to gain insight in the local behaviour of the reactive gas-particle flow in the CLC system. The theoretical/numerical tool developed in this work will be used for design upgrade recommendation in the stage of scaling-up from pilot to industrial facilities.
|
Page generated in 0.0716 seconds