La gestion des colis de déchets radioactifs représente un enjeu majeur pour l’industrie nucléaire. La solution de gestion d’un colis est déterminée en fonction de ses caractéristiques radiologiques. L’une de ces principales caractéristiques est l’activité α qui est principalement due aux actinides. Les méthodes non destructives actives, reposant sur le principe de la réaction de fission, permettent de quantifier les actinides. Ces méthodes sont mises en œuvre lorsque les techniques non-destructives passives deviennent inapplicables. Dans un premier temps, les méthodes actives consistent à irradier le colis afin d’entraîner des réactions de fission sur les actinides. Dans un second temps, les particules promptes et retardées émises suite aux réactions de fission sont détectées. Cette thèse a pour objectif d’optimiser le flux de neutrons, destiné à interroger les colis, en étudiant la possibilité d’utiliser un accélérateur d’électrons comme source de neutrons en lieu et place d’un générateur de type deutérium-tritium (gain attendu de l’ordre de deux décades en termes d’intensité d’émission). Un accélérateur d’électrons permettrait par ailleurs d’améliorer la caractérisation des colis de déchets radioactifs en rendant compatible, à l’aide du même dispositif d’irradiation, les mesures par interrogation neutronique active, par interrogation photonique active, et l’imagerie haute énergie.Dans un premier temps, nous avons caractérisé et optimisé le flux de photoneutrons émis par un accélérateur d’électrons en utilisant les codes de calculs Monte Carlo MCNPX et TRIPOLI-4. Nous avons considéré des cibles de conversion en tungstène ou en tantale et avons déterminé les paramètres suivants : intensité moyenne d’émission ; spectre en énergie ; et distribution angulaire. La cohérence de nos résultats a été évaluée par comparaison entre calculs et mesures d’activation neutronique. Nous avons ensuite évalué la faisabilité des mesures par interrogation neutronique active, en utilisant la cible d’un accélérateur d’électrons de 17 MeV en tant que générateur de neutrons, sur des échantillons d’uranium et de plutonium. Nous nous sommes intéressés à la détection des neutrons prompts, des neutrons retardés, et des gamma retardés. Nous avons également réalisé l’association de résultats de mesures par interrogations neutronique et photonique actives non-simultanées. Nous avons appliqué cette technique à la mesure de l’enrichissement de l’uranium. Enfin, nous avons dimensionné par simulation MCNPX une cellule de mesure, basée sur un accélérateur d’électrons, dédiée à l’interrogation neutronique active. La cellule a ensuite été construite et une campagne d’expérimentations a permis d’évaluer les performances de cette dernière lors de mesures réalisées sur des colis de déchets radioactifs maquettes de type 220 L contenant différentes matrices. / Management of nuclear waste packages is a crucial task for the nuclear industry. The solution for management of a nuclear waste package is chosen according to its radiological characteristics. One of the most important of these features is the α-activity which is mainly due to actinides. Non-destructive active methods based on the fission process enable to quantify the actinides. These methods are implemented when non-destructive passive methods become inapplicable. First, these methods consist in irradiating a package in order to induce fission reactions on the actinides, and then, to detect the prompt and delayed particles which are emitted further to these reactions. This thesis aims at optimizing the neutron flux, which is intended to interrogate a package, by studying the potentialities of using an electron accelerator as a neutron source instead of a deuterium-tritium neutron generator (expected gain in terms of emission intensity on the order of two decades higher). Furthermore, an electron accelerator would enable to improve nuclear waste packages characterization by making compatible, on the same irradiation setup, neutron interrogation measurements, photon interrogation measurements, and high-energy imaging.First, we characterized and optimized the photoneutron flux emitted by an electron accelerator using MCNPX and TRIPOLI-4 Monte Carlo codes. We considered tungsten and tantalum conversion targets and focused on the following parameters: average emission intensity; mean energy; and angular distribution. The consistency of our results has been verified by comparing neutron activation calculations and measurements. We have then evaluated the feasibility of neutron interrogation measurements on uranium and plutonium samples using the target of a 17 MeV electron accelerator as a neutron generator. We detected prompt neutrons, delayed neutrons, and delayed gamma-rays. We also combined photon and neutron interrogation non-simultaneous measurements. We applied such technique to the measurement of uranium enrichment. Finally, we designed by MCNPX simulation a neutron interrogation setup based on an electron accelerator. The cell was then built and an experimentation campaign enabled to evaluate performances of the latter. Measurements were carried out on 220 liter nuclear waste mock-up drums containing different matrices.

Training Packages form the basis upon which practitioners in the Vocational Education and Training (VET) sector in Australia develop their pedagogical processes. As workplaces adapt their practices to compete globally, demand for skilled and knowledgeable workers places pressure on institutional training providers such as TAFE to develop training programs that support the acquisition of higher order thinking skills in graduates. Using a competence based framework as a backdrop, the research centres on the notion of the place of Project Based Learning in a Training Package context. The research proposes that learning through projects is an effective means of integrating Training Package outcomes with an instructional model that engages learners in independent, flexible and reflective learning. The research was conducted retrospectively from a case study of an AQF Level 6 Textile, Clothing and Footwear Training Package Program at RMIT University TAFE. An Action Research approach underpins the investigation, resulting in the profiling of teaching, learning and assessment as areas in need of further examination. These defining themes are explored in the context of the Project Based Learning model developed at RMIT, with consideration given to the potential for broader application. The discussion concludes with a theoretical review of the new understandings of pedagogy. The study aims to establish that a constructive alignment exists between the behaviourist approach of Training Packages and the more constructivist theories behind Project Based Learning; rendering it a suitable instructional model that meets the needs of 21st century learners.

The present dissertation examines how culture in terms of webs of significance comprises even everyday genres, and how everyday genres in turn partake in creating cultural contexts. The theoretical cornerstones of this study are to be found in a dialogical notion of context and a semiotic notion of culture. Furthermore, the study benefits from the analytical concept of communicative genre by which texts can be set in the broader context of societal or socio-cultural relevancy. The methodological framework – with contrastive viewing as an overall heuristic approach – has been developed by combining elements from linguistic hermeneutics, literary cultural analysis, and critical discourse analysis. The study shows that the most significant trait of Swedish milk package texts is the recontextualization of national historical topics, closely entangled with elements of school discourse and children’s literature. This endows the texts with a certain socio-cultural meaning, even though this meaning is dependent on other interactive resources. However, on recent milk packages, changes of communicative patterns can be seen, indicating socio-cultural change. The most significant trait of German milk packages is – besides the ubiquitous use of fresh generating an advertising context – the recontextualization of the fictionalizing topos of locus amoenus, closely intertwined with control and surveillance. The contrastive viewing of 19th-century texts in the dissertation makes clear that contemporary German milk packages still imply urban-bourgeois perspectives on rurality. Finally, the study shows that culture in terms of webs of significance has no location where it is, but a location where it is represented – for instance in everyday genre texts. It illustrates how linguistic hermeneutics can be done.

Microelectronic systems are subjected to thermal cycling, power cycling, and vibration environments in various applications. These environments, whether applied sequentially or simultaneously, affect the solder joint reliability. Literature is scarce on predicting solder joint fatigue failure under such multiple loading environments. This thesis aims to develop a unified modeling methodology to study the reliability of electronic packages subjected to thermal cycling, power cycling, and vibration loading conditions. Such a modeling methodology is comprised of an enriched material model to accommodate time-, temperature-, and direction-dependent behavior of various materials in the assembly, and at the same time, will have a geometry model that can accommodate thermal- and power-cycling induced low-cycle fatigue damage mechanism as well as vibration-induced high-cycle fatigue damage mechanism. The developed modeling methodology is applied to study the reliability characteristics of ceramic area array electronic packages with lead-based solder interconnections. In particular, this thesis aims to study the reliability of such solder interconnections under thermal, power, and vibration conditions individually, and validate the model against these conditions using appropriate experimental data either from in-house experiments or existing literature. Once validated, this thesis also aims to perform a design of simulations study to understand the effect of various materials, geometry, and thermal parameters on solder joint reliability of ceramic ball grid array and ceramic column grid array packages, and use such a study to develop universal polynomial predictive equations for solder joint reliability. The thesis also aims to employ the unified modeling methodology to develop new understanding of the acceleration factor relationship between power cycling and thermal cycling. Finally, this thesis plans to use the unified modeling methodology to study solder joint reliability under the sequential application of thermal cycling and vibration loading conditions, and to validate the modeling results with first-of-its-kind experimental data. A nonlinear cumulative damage law is developed to account for the nonlinearity and effect of sequence loading under thermal cycling, power cycling, and vibration loading.

The demands of consumer electronic products to support multi-functionality such as computing, communication and multimedia applications with reduced form factor and low cost is the driving force behind packaging technologies such as System on Package (SOP). SOP aims to enhance the functionality of the package while providing form factor reduction by the integration of active and passive components. However, embedding components within mixed signal packages causes unwanted interferences across the digital and analog-radio frequency (RF) sections of the package, which is a major challenge yet to be addressed. This dissertation focused on the chip-last method of embedding chips within cavities in organic packages and addressed the challenges for preserving power integrity in such packages. The challenges associated with electromagnetic coupling in packages when chips are embedded within the substrate layers are identified, analyzed and demonstrated. The presence of the chip embedded within the package introduces new interaction mechanisms between the chip and package that have not been encountered in conventional packages with surface mounted chips. It is of significant importance to understand the chip-package interaction mechanisms, for ensuring satisfactory design of systems with embedded actives. The influence of the electromagnetic coupling from the package on the bulk substrate and bond-pads of the embedded chip are demonstrated. Solutions that remedy the noise coupling using Electromagnetic Band-Gap structures (EBGs) along with design methodologies for their efficient implementation in multilayer packages are proposed. This dissertation presents guidelines for designing efficient power distribution networks in multilayer packages with embedded chips.

The thesis is focused on protecting consumers, especially in the individual tourism. Interested mainly on legislation that covers this. The study also evaluated the current situation of the Czech consumer protection in individual tourism and then compared with the situation of the British consumer. And last but not least, the thesis examines whether Czech consumers cares about their rights in this area, and whether it is sufficiently informed about the differences between individual tourism and organized tourism.

A avaliação do ciclo de vida (ACV) é uma ferramenta que avalia os aspectos ambientais e os impactos potenciais ao longo do ciclo de vida de um produto, desde a aquisição de matérias-primas, passando por produção, uso e disposição. Suas características possibilitam a aplicação da ferramenta na comparação de produtos. Um setor que costuma ser alvo deste tipo de análise é o de embalagens, por possuir o período de uso muito curto e não necessariamente ligado ao produto embalado. Neste trabalho, a metodologia de avaliação do ciclo de vida (ACV) é aplicada à indústria de embalagens descartáveis para frutas, com a finalidade de comparar o desempenho ambiental de caixas de madeira e de papelão ondulado (PO). A metodologia para realização da ACV utilizada está de acordo com o descrito na família de normas ISO 14040, sendo dividida em quatro etapas: definição de objetivo e escopo, análise de inventário, avaliação de impacto e interpretação dos resultados. O cenáriobase da avaliação considera a produção energética segundo a matriz dos estados do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina, e disposição de resíduos sólidos em aterro controlado. Na avaliação de impacto, foi realizada a análise no nível de caracterização e dano normalizado. Os resultados obtidos, no nível de caracterização, demonstram que as embalagens em madeira são mais interessantes ambientalmente do que as em PO, para a maioria das categorias de impacto avaliadas. Para as categorias relacionadas à saúde humana, os escores das embalagens em madeira são 75% menores para carcinogênicos e não-carcinogênicos. Os escores do cenário PO foram melhores para as categorias de radiação ionizante, depleção do ozônio estratosférico e oxidação fotoquímica, sendo entre 62% e 74% menores que os do cenário madeira. Para mudanças climáticas, o ciclo de vida PO possui valor de impacto 25% maior que o madeira. Já para as categorias relacionadas à qualidade do ecossistema, o valor obtido para o ciclo de vida madeira é 95% menor para eutrofização e 70% menor para ecotoxicidade dos corpos d’água. Os resultados obtidos na caracterização conduziram à avaliação no nível de dano normalizado. Na avaliação de dano normalizado, foi demonstrado que a maior vantagem do ciclo de vida PO é a baixa utilização de recursos minerais e energéticos. Para as demais categorias de dano – mudanças climáticas, saúde humana e qualidade do ecossistema – o ciclo de vida da madeira demonstrou melhor comportamento que o do PO. A discussão dos resultados evidencia que os processos que mais contribuem para os impactos, nos dois ciclos de vida analisados, estão relacionados à extração da madeira, produção de energia e disposição dos resíduos sólidos. Para o cenário PO, cabe destacar ainda a produção de celulose pelo processo Kraft. A avaliação de cenários permite inferir que a matriz energética e a disposição final de resíduos sólidos teve influência direta nos resultados da ACV. A partir dos resultados obtidos, constata-se que a embalagem em madeira possui comportamento ambiental melhor que a em PO para o cenário-base avaliado. / Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool which evaluates the environment aspects and the potential impacts through a product life cycle, from the acquisition of raw materials to production, use and final disposition. Theirs features enable the use of this tool application on the products comparison. One industry that is the target of this kind of analysis is packaging, for it has a very short time of usage and not necessarily linked to the packaged product. In this work, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology is applied to the fruit disposable packages industry, aiming at comparing wood and corrugated cardboard boxes environmental performances. The methodology used to apply the LCA is in accordance with what is indicated on the ISO Standards 14040, and it is divided in four stages: goal and scope definition, life cycle inventory analysis, life cycle impact assessment and interpretation. The assessment baseline scenario takes into consideration the energetic production according to the Rio Grande do Sul energy matrix and the landfill solid wastes disposition. In the impact assessment, an analysis was made on the level of characterization and normalized damage. The results obtained at the characterization level show that the wood packages are more environmentally interesting than those in corrugated cardboard to most of the impact categories assessed. In relation to the categories related to human health, the wood packages scores are 75% lower to carcinogenics and non-carcinogenics. The corrugated cardboard scenario scores are better to the ionizing radiation, stratospheric ozone depletion and photochemical oxidation categories, being among 62% and 74% lower than those of the wood scenario. For climate changes, the corrugated cardboard life cycle has an impact value 25% higher than the wood one. For the categories related to ecosystem quality, the value obtained for the wood life cycle is 95% lower for eutrophication and 70% lower for water bodies’ ecotoxicity. The characterization results conducted to the normalized damage assessment. For normalization at damage level, it was demonstrated that the major advantage of the corrugated cardboard life cycle is its low utilization of energy and mineral resources. For the other damage categories – climate change, human health and ecosystem quality – the wood life cycle showed better performance than corrugated cardboard life cycle. The results discussion demonstrates that the processes that contribute most to the impacts, in both life cycles analyzed, are related to wood extraction, energy production and solid wastes disposition. For the corrugated cardboard scenario, it is also interesting to call attention to the cellulose production by the Kraft process. Scenario evaluation demonstrates that the energetic production matrix and the final solid waste disposition have a direct influence on LCA results. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to conclude that the wood package has a better environmental performance that the one in corrugated cardboard in the baseline scenario assessed.

A avaliação do ciclo de vida (ACV) é uma ferramenta que avalia os aspectos ambientais e os impactos potenciais ao longo do ciclo de vida de um produto, desde a aquisição de matérias-primas, passando por produção, uso e disposição. Suas características possibilitam a aplicação da ferramenta na comparação de produtos. Um setor que costuma ser alvo deste tipo de análise é o de embalagens, por possuir o período de uso muito curto e não necessariamente ligado ao produto embalado. Neste trabalho, a metodologia de avaliação do ciclo de vida (ACV) é aplicada à indústria de embalagens descartáveis para frutas, com a finalidade de comparar o desempenho ambiental de caixas de madeira e de papelão ondulado (PO). A metodologia para realização da ACV utilizada está de acordo com o descrito na família de normas ISO 14040, sendo dividida em quatro etapas: definição de objetivo e escopo, análise de inventário, avaliação de impacto e interpretação dos resultados. O cenáriobase da avaliação considera a produção energética segundo a matriz dos estados do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina, e disposição de resíduos sólidos em aterro controlado. Na avaliação de impacto, foi realizada a análise no nível de caracterização e dano normalizado. Os resultados obtidos, no nível de caracterização, demonstram que as embalagens em madeira são mais interessantes ambientalmente do que as em PO, para a maioria das categorias de impacto avaliadas. Para as categorias relacionadas à saúde humana, os escores das embalagens em madeira são 75% menores para carcinogênicos e não-carcinogênicos. Os escores do cenário PO foram melhores para as categorias de radiação ionizante, depleção do ozônio estratosférico e oxidação fotoquímica, sendo entre 62% e 74% menores que os do cenário madeira. Para mudanças climáticas, o ciclo de vida PO possui valor de impacto 25% maior que o madeira. Já para as categorias relacionadas à qualidade do ecossistema, o valor obtido para o ciclo de vida madeira é 95% menor para eutrofização e 70% menor para ecotoxicidade dos corpos d’água. Os resultados obtidos na caracterização conduziram à avaliação no nível de dano normalizado. Na avaliação de dano normalizado, foi demonstrado que a maior vantagem do ciclo de vida PO é a baixa utilização de recursos minerais e energéticos. Para as demais categorias de dano – mudanças climáticas, saúde humana e qualidade do ecossistema – o ciclo de vida da madeira demonstrou melhor comportamento que o do PO. A discussão dos resultados evidencia que os processos que mais contribuem para os impactos, nos dois ciclos de vida analisados, estão relacionados à extração da madeira, produção de energia e disposição dos resíduos sólidos. Para o cenário PO, cabe destacar ainda a produção de celulose pelo processo Kraft. A avaliação de cenários permite inferir que a matriz energética e a disposição final de resíduos sólidos teve influência direta nos resultados da ACV. A partir dos resultados obtidos, constata-se que a embalagem em madeira possui comportamento ambiental melhor que a em PO para o cenário-base avaliado. / Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool which evaluates the environment aspects and the potential impacts through a product life cycle, from the acquisition of raw materials to production, use and final disposition. Theirs features enable the use of this tool application on the products comparison. One industry that is the target of this kind of analysis is packaging, for it has a very short time of usage and not necessarily linked to the packaged product. In this work, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology is applied to the fruit disposable packages industry, aiming at comparing wood and corrugated cardboard boxes environmental performances. The methodology used to apply the LCA is in accordance with what is indicated on the ISO Standards 14040, and it is divided in four stages: goal and scope definition, life cycle inventory analysis, life cycle impact assessment and interpretation. The assessment baseline scenario takes into consideration the energetic production according to the Rio Grande do Sul energy matrix and the landfill solid wastes disposition. In the impact assessment, an analysis was made on the level of characterization and normalized damage. The results obtained at the characterization level show that the wood packages are more environmentally interesting than those in corrugated cardboard to most of the impact categories assessed. In relation to the categories related to human health, the wood packages scores are 75% lower to carcinogenics and non-carcinogenics. The corrugated cardboard scenario scores are better to the ionizing radiation, stratospheric ozone depletion and photochemical oxidation categories, being among 62% and 74% lower than those of the wood scenario. For climate changes, the corrugated cardboard life cycle has an impact value 25% higher than the wood one. For the categories related to ecosystem quality, the value obtained for the wood life cycle is 95% lower for eutrophication and 70% lower for water bodies’ ecotoxicity. The characterization results conducted to the normalized damage assessment. For normalization at damage level, it was demonstrated that the major advantage of the corrugated cardboard life cycle is its low utilization of energy and mineral resources. For the other damage categories – climate change, human health and ecosystem quality – the wood life cycle showed better performance than corrugated cardboard life cycle. The results discussion demonstrates that the processes that contribute most to the impacts, in both life cycles analyzed, are related to wood extraction, energy production and solid wastes disposition. For the corrugated cardboard scenario, it is also interesting to call attention to the cellulose production by the Kraft process. Scenario evaluation demonstrates that the energetic production matrix and the final solid waste disposition have a direct influence on LCA results. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to conclude that the wood package has a better environmental performance that the one in corrugated cardboard in the baseline scenario assessed.

Orientador: Ben-Hur Mattiuz / Banca: José Fernando Durigan / Banca: José Maria Monteiro Sigrist / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o ponto de colheita de pêssegos da cv. Aurora-1, pela curva de maturação dos frutos, e sua conservação póscolheita, quando colhidos em dois estádios de maturação, empregando-se temperaturas e embalagens. Em 2005 foi realizado experimento para caracterizar os estádios de maturação "de vez" e maduro, através da curva de maturação. Está curva de maturação demonstrou que dos 90-97 dias os frutos encontravam-se "de vez" (maturidade fisiológica), dos 97 aos 104 dias encontravam-se maduros e que dos 104 aos 111 dias estavam "sobremaduros". Em 2006, foram realizados os experimentos de armazenamento dos frutos nos estádios "de vez" e maduro, às temperaturas de 2°C, 6°C, 12°C e 22°C, utilizando-se diferentes embalagens (controle; PD-900®; PVC e PET). Os pêssegos colhidos no estádio "de vez" e armazenados sob condições controladas de ambiente (22±2ºC e 71± 7% UR) apresentaram maior vida de prateleira (8 dias) e plenas condições de atingir a maturação comercial, quando comparados aos frutos maduros (2 dias). O armazenamento refrigerado demonstrou que os pêssegos 'Aurora-1' não são sensíveis ao frio nas temperaturas testadas, e ou os armazenados a 2°C mantiveram sua vida útil por 35 e 28 dias, nos estádios "de vez" e maduros, respectivamente. A qualidade dos frutos não foi afetada com o uso das embalagens, favorecendo o aumento da vida útil para 24 dias quando comparados ao tratamento controle (16 dias). Pelos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que os pêssegos colhidos no estádio de maturação "de vez" apresentaram maior vida de prateleira, quando associado à temperatura de 2°C e à embalagem PD-900. / Abstract: This study was undertaken to characterize the ideal moment for harvest of 'Aurora-1' peaches though the fruit ripening curve, as well as their postharvest conservation when harvested at two ripening stages with different temperatures and packages. The experiment was carried out in 2005 to characterize the ripening stages, mature and ripe, through the ripening curve. The ripening curve showed that between 90-97 days fruit were mature (physiological maturity), from 97 to 104 days fruit were ripe and between 104 and 111 fruit were overripe. Storage experiments were conducted in 2006 for the ripening stages mature and ripe at temperatures of 2°C, 6°C, 12°C and 22°C, using different packages (control; PD-900®; PVC and PET). Peaches harvested at the mature stage and stored under controlled conditions (T = 22±2°C and RH = 71±7%) showed higher shelf life (8 days) and were able to reach commercial ripening in comparison to ripe fruit (2 day shelf-life). Refrigerated storage showed that 'Aurora-1' peaches are not sensitive to the cold temperatures tested, and fruit stored at 2°C had a shelf life of 35 and 28 days (mature and ripe, respectively). Fruit quality was not affected by packages, which allowed a shelf-life increase of 24 days in comparison to control (16 days). Results show that peaches harvested mature have a longer shelf life when stored at 2°C with the package PD-900. / Mestre

A avaliação do ciclo de vida (ACV) é uma ferramenta que avalia os aspectos ambientais e os impactos potenciais ao longo do ciclo de vida de um produto, desde a aquisição de matérias-primas, passando por produção, uso e disposição. Suas características possibilitam a aplicação da ferramenta na comparação de produtos. Um setor que costuma ser alvo deste tipo de análise é o de embalagens, por possuir o período de uso muito curto e não necessariamente ligado ao produto embalado. Neste trabalho, a metodologia de avaliação do ciclo de vida (ACV) é aplicada à indústria de embalagens descartáveis para frutas, com a finalidade de comparar o desempenho ambiental de caixas de madeira e de papelão ondulado (PO). A metodologia para realização da ACV utilizada está de acordo com o descrito na família de normas ISO 14040, sendo dividida em quatro etapas: definição de objetivo e escopo, análise de inventário, avaliação de impacto e interpretação dos resultados. O cenáriobase da avaliação considera a produção energética segundo a matriz dos estados do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina, e disposição de resíduos sólidos em aterro controlado. Na avaliação de impacto, foi realizada a análise no nível de caracterização e dano normalizado. Os resultados obtidos, no nível de caracterização, demonstram que as embalagens em madeira são mais interessantes ambientalmente do que as em PO, para a maioria das categorias de impacto avaliadas. Para as categorias relacionadas à saúde humana, os escores das embalagens em madeira são 75% menores para carcinogênicos e não-carcinogênicos. Os escores do cenário PO foram melhores para as categorias de radiação ionizante, depleção do ozônio estratosférico e oxidação fotoquímica, sendo entre 62% e 74% menores que os do cenário madeira. Para mudanças climáticas, o ciclo de vida PO possui valor de impacto 25% maior que o madeira. Já para as categorias relacionadas à qualidade do ecossistema, o valor obtido para o ciclo de vida madeira é 95% menor para eutrofização e 70% menor para ecotoxicidade dos corpos d’água. Os resultados obtidos na caracterização conduziram à avaliação no nível de dano normalizado. Na avaliação de dano normalizado, foi demonstrado que a maior vantagem do ciclo de vida PO é a baixa utilização de recursos minerais e energéticos. Para as demais categorias de dano – mudanças climáticas, saúde humana e qualidade do ecossistema – o ciclo de vida da madeira demonstrou melhor comportamento que o do PO. A discussão dos resultados evidencia que os processos que mais contribuem para os impactos, nos dois ciclos de vida analisados, estão relacionados à extração da madeira, produção de energia e disposição dos resíduos sólidos. Para o cenário PO, cabe destacar ainda a produção de celulose pelo processo Kraft. A avaliação de cenários permite inferir que a matriz energética e a disposição final de resíduos sólidos teve influência direta nos resultados da ACV. A partir dos resultados obtidos, constata-se que a embalagem em madeira possui comportamento ambiental melhor que a em PO para o cenário-base avaliado. / Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool which evaluates the environment aspects and the potential impacts through a product life cycle, from the acquisition of raw materials to production, use and final disposition. Theirs features enable the use of this tool application on the products comparison. One industry that is the target of this kind of analysis is packaging, for it has a very short time of usage and not necessarily linked to the packaged product. In this work, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology is applied to the fruit disposable packages industry, aiming at comparing wood and corrugated cardboard boxes environmental performances. The methodology used to apply the LCA is in accordance with what is indicated on the ISO Standards 14040, and it is divided in four stages: goal and scope definition, life cycle inventory analysis, life cycle impact assessment and interpretation. The assessment baseline scenario takes into consideration the energetic production according to the Rio Grande do Sul energy matrix and the landfill solid wastes disposition. In the impact assessment, an analysis was made on the level of characterization and normalized damage. The results obtained at the characterization level show that the wood packages are more environmentally interesting than those in corrugated cardboard to most of the impact categories assessed. In relation to the categories related to human health, the wood packages scores are 75% lower to carcinogenics and non-carcinogenics. The corrugated cardboard scenario scores are better to the ionizing radiation, stratospheric ozone depletion and photochemical oxidation categories, being among 62% and 74% lower than those of the wood scenario. For climate changes, the corrugated cardboard life cycle has an impact value 25% higher than the wood one. For the categories related to ecosystem quality, the value obtained for the wood life cycle is 95% lower for eutrophication and 70% lower for water bodies’ ecotoxicity. The characterization results conducted to the normalized damage assessment. For normalization at damage level, it was demonstrated that the major advantage of the corrugated cardboard life cycle is its low utilization of energy and mineral resources. For the other damage categories – climate change, human health and ecosystem quality – the wood life cycle showed better performance than corrugated cardboard life cycle. The results discussion demonstrates that the processes that contribute most to the impacts, in both life cycles analyzed, are related to wood extraction, energy production and solid wastes disposition. For the corrugated cardboard scenario, it is also interesting to call attention to the cellulose production by the Kraft process. Scenario evaluation demonstrates that the energetic production matrix and the final solid waste disposition have a direct influence on LCA results. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to conclude that the wood package has a better environmental performance that the one in corrugated cardboard in the baseline scenario assessed.