Cette étude soulève de nombreuses questions sur les Palestiniens vivant au sein de la diaspora en se concentrant sur les Palestiniens Chrétiens. Elle traite de sujets majeurs concernant les migrations, la diaspora, l'identité et les réseaux ; quatre concepts interdépendants mais qui ne peuvent être analysés de façon isolée les uns des autres. La majorité des migrations palestiniennes ont commencé pa rdes migrations forcées pour des raisons politiques ou économiques avant de devenir des migrations transnationales.Bien que des politiques d'absorption des migrants par les pays de la diaspora aient été mises en place, ceux-ci ont conservé leur identité, grâce aux réseaux religieux, familiaux,nationaux et palestiniens. La création de clubs de villages et de villes, de clubs familiaux, d’églises arabes, entre autres,ont relié les migrants les uns aux autres et ont également mis en lien la diaspora et le pays d'origine.Comprenant des réseaux sociaux, économiques et charitables, les réseaux transnationaux ont affirmé les relations des migrants avec leur pays d'origine comme un élément principal. Toutefois, la proportion de migrants palestiniens pouvant franchir les frontières de leur pays d'origine reste faible. Ceci confirme le fait que les Palestiniens à l'étranger constituent une vraie diaspora. Les Palestiniens ont vécu différentes expériences de migration et de diaspora dans les pays arabes voisins et dans les pays éloignés étrangers (non-arabes). Le concept de diaspora a été redéfini à partir de notre terrain palestinien.L'étude présente différents modèles géographiques de familles palestiniennes dans la diaspora / This study raises many questions and issues on Palestinians living in the diaspora through focusing on the segment of Palestinian Christians. This study discusses major issues on the level of migrations, diaspora, identity and networks; four interrelated concepts that could not be examined or understood in isolation from each other. The majority of Palestinian migrations started as forced emigrations for political or economic reasons before becoming transnationa lmigrations. This shift was accompanied by another shift in the legal statuses of this transient segment of Palestinians who obtained new nationalities.As a result of the adoption of migrants' absorption policies by countries of diaspora, migrants have preserved their identities, which ranged from religious, to familial, to nationalist and to Palestinian. The establishment of village and city clubs, Arab churches and family divans (Diwans) among others have connected migrants to one another and also connected the diaspora to the homeland .Ranging from social, to economic, to charitable, transnational networks have affirmed emigrants' relations with their country of origin as a main element. However, the proportion of Palestinian emigrants could cross borders to their country of origin is small. This is confirm the fact that Palestinians abroad constitute a real diaspora .Palestinians have gone through different experiences of migration and diaspora in neighboring Arab countries and remote foreign (non-Arab) countries; the concept of Diaspora has been redefined in a manner that fits the Palestinian case. The study presents different geographic patterns of Palestinian families in the diaspora.

Cette thèse a pour objet d’établir une édition critique et une traduction du Commentaire d’Eusèbe de Césarée de quatre psaumes parmi les psaumes d’Asaph : les psaumes 49, 72, 77 et 82. Elle s’intéresse également à l’apport de la tradition indirecte, et à son utilisation par l’éditeur du Commentaire. Le Commentaire sur les Psaumes d’Eusèbe de Césarée est transmis, pour presque un tiers de l’ouvrage, en tradition directe, par le manuscrit Coislin 44. Pour le premier et le dernier tiers, la tradition directe fait défaut, et le Commentaire doit être reconstitué à l’aide de la tradition indirecte : les chaînes exégétiques sur le Psautier. Nous étudions, dans ce travail, le texte transmis par la première chaîne palestinienne et le texte transmis par la chaîne de Nicétas, et le confrontons, lorsque c’est possible, au texte transmis par le Coislin 44. Il ressort de cette étude que la première chaîne palestinienne transmet de longs fragments littéraux, susceptibles d’être utilisés par l’éditeur pour pallier la perte du texte en tradition directe (elle ne transmet toutefois pas le texte dans son intégralité). Elle permet également d’améliorer le texte de la tradition directe. L’apport des chaînes filles de la première chaîne palestinienne est de qualité inégale. Le nombre de fragments transmis, leur longueur et leur intérêt pour l’éditeur varient considérablement d’un manuscrit à l’autre. Enfin, l’utilisation de la chaîne de Nicétas reste délicate. Son utilisation ponctuelle reste possible, et parfois utile, mais la chaîne de Nicétas, seule, ne permet pas la reconstitution du texte perdu du Commentaire. / The purpose of this dissertation is to establish a critical edition and a translation of Eusebius of Caesarea’s Commentary on four of the Psalms of Asaph: the psalms 49, 72, 77 and 82. This dissertation also studies the contribution of the indirect tradition, and its use by the editor of the Commentary. Eusebius of Caesarea’s Commentary on the Psalms is transmitted, for almost a third of the book, by the direct tradition: the manuscript Coislin 44. The direct tradition is lacking for the first and last thirds, and the Commentary has to be edited using the indirect tradition: the exegetical catenae on the Psalms. We study, in this dissertation, the text transmitted by the first Palestinian catena and the text transmitted by Niceta’s catena, and we confront it, when it’s possible, to the text transmitted by the Coislin 44. This study shows that the first Palestinian catena transmits extended literal fragments. The editor can use these fragments to compensate the lack of the text in the direct tradition (but this catena doesn’t transmit the full text). The first Palestinian catena also improves the text of the direct tradition. The contribution of the catenae derived from the first Palestinian catena is of variable quality. The number of fragments transmitted, their length and their relevance for the editor vary considerably from one manuscript to another. Finally, the use of Niceta’s catena is quite difficult. Its use remains possible, and sometimes useful, but the only use of the Niceta’s catena doesn’t enable to edit the missing text of the Commentary.

The use of violence in the Israel/Palestine conflict has been justified and legitimised by an appeal to religion. Militant Islamist organisations like Ramas have become central players in the Palestinian political landscape as a result of the popular support that they enjoy. This thesis aims to investigate the reasons for this support by analysing the Israel/Palestine conflict in terms of Ruman Needs Theory. According to this Theory, humans have essential needs that need to be fulfilled in order to ensure survival and development. Among these needs, the need for identity and recognition of identity is of vital importance. This thesis thus explores the concept of identity as a need, and investigates this need as it relates to inter-group conflict. In situating this theory in the Israel/Palestine conflict, the study exammes how organisations like Ramas have Islamised Palestinian national identity in order to garner political support. The central contention, then, is that the primary identity group of the Palestinian population is no longer nationalist, but Islamic/nationalist. In Islamising the conflict with Israel as well as Palestinian identity, Ramas has been able to justify its often indiscriminate use of violence by appealing to religion. The conflict is thus perceived to be one between two absolutes - that of Islam versus Judaism. In considering the conflict as one of identities struggling for survival in a climate of perceived threat, any attempt at resolution of the conflict needs to include a focus on needs-based issues. The problem-solving approach to negotiation allows for parties to consider issues of identity, recognition and security needs, and thus ensures that the root causes of conflicts are addressed, The contention is that this approach is vital to any conflict resolution strategy where identity needs are at stake, and it provides the grounding for the success of more traditional zero-sum bargaining methods. A recognition of Islamic identity in negotiation processes in Israel/Palestine may thus make for a more comprehensive conflict resolution strategy, and make the outcomes of negotiations more acceptable to the people of Palestine, thus undermining the acceptance of violence that exists at present.

This research seeks to understand the reasons for failures of Bill Clinton, Yasser Arafat, and Ehud Barak's Camp David Summit that was held in July, 2000. The Summit was arranged to complete the last phase of Oslo Peace Process. Numerous researches have attempted to reveal the facts of the summit but, so far, they have failed to present the complete details of what happened before, during, and after the summit. This research explores all aspects of the problem including the various variables that would have had effected the breakdown of the Middle East peace process. Finally, the researcher determines the parameters needed to maintain a substantial peace in the Middle East and what proposed strategies might be followed in order to avoid the previous mistakes in future peace negotiations.

In this thesis, depending on Benedict Anderson’s Studies of nationalism in his book The Imagined Communities, I will prove that in her historical fiction for children, Wondrous Journeys in Strange Lands, the Palestinian writer Sonia Nimr is reviving and reforming Arab national identity. Anderson identifies the nation as a group imagined by its members; the people who perceive and identify themselves as equal members in this group. For the people to imagine their nation, Anderson states three tools: the map as a representation of the geographical space, the census as a representation of population identity categories that live in a particular land, and the museum as the representation of historical and the legal continuity of certain ethnicities in a certain geographical space. The three tools are thoroughly abstracted and used in Nimr’s book as we follow the footsteps of Nimr’s heroine in her travels, we see her drawing Arab historical map, when Palestine was a canton in the great Arab State. The social fabric Nimr weaves by the characters in her book reflects the real and the reformed census of Arab ethnicities and their social classes with the highlighting of the essential role of Arabic women in society. The narrated society of Nimr’s work reforms nation’s census which accords with the extended pan Arab geography of Arab nation. The nation imagining requirements are completed by visiting the history and wandering in the historical Arabic cantons and cities which materialize Nimr’s trail to perpetuate those important places in her textual museum, which she builds in her addressed work to children to answer their question about who we are and how we are the most eligible ethnicities to live on this land. Nimr does not promote a certain political agenda nor casts a holy cover on the past; by contrast, she teaches Arab children past lessons to revive and reform their modern Arab national identity as a remedy for the catastrophic national present.

The diploma thesis deals with coverage of the Great March of Return event in selected Czech online media (Aktuálně.cz, Echo24, Haló noviny, iDNES, iRozhlas, Lidovky, Novinky.cz). Demonstrations erupted in early March of 2018, with the goal of returning Palestinians to their historical territories of Israel. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with concept of framing and also expands on the often neglected visual framing. It then covers role of war photography in the media, addresses crisis of photojournalism and provides historical and political context of the Great March of Return. The research part uses concept of framing and aims to analyze way in which Czech online media interpreted researched Israeli-Palestinian conflict. For a more comprehensive insight into this issue, thesis deals with both verbal and textual content, which is examined at the same time or compared with each other. For the possibility of testing different perspectives, diploma thesis uses both quantitative and qualitative framing methods.

The thesis deals with the question of Egypt's role of a biased mediator towards the Palestinian side in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and its stabilising effects on the region in the form of a case study applying the theory of a biased mediator in conflict resolution on the Egyptian example. In addition to this, the goal of this thesis is to demonstrate the beneficial effects of different forms of mediation activities and their combination, including biased and neutral mediation, in the transformation of intractable and protracted conflicts into their tractable form, using the example of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The identification of Egypt's positive role in contributing to the resolving of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, of which it was once a warrying party, portrays the transformational capacity of conflicts. The thesis also highlights Egypt's potential in moderating extremist trends in the region, also through the successful mediation efforts in the inter-palestinian conflict involving the Fatah and Hamas movements, contributed to by Egypt's changing position in the region, her historical role in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and her strategic and security concerns in the region.

This master thesis deals with past mediation attempts of Turkey to solve the Israeli- Palestinian conflict and with the potential of future Turkish mediation in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict have been for several decades one of the biggest problems for the international security, therefore, analysing possible solutions is very important. Turkey is an actor with a special position, because it is a regional power with ties both to Islamic culture and to the West. That is why it has in theory a potential to play successful mediation role in this conflict. In this thesis, we will evaluate Turkey's existing role and after that, we will analyse the future potential with the help of the mediation conceptual framework that is described in the scholarly literature on conflict resolution and conflict management. Our research questions are: Can Turkey play a successful mediator role in the future? If yes, what conditions have to take place? Turkey tries to play a role in this conflict since the early 1990s and despite the fact that there has been a disruption of the diplomatic relations between Israel and Turkey, it is very likely that in the future a normalization will occur. If that happes, can Turkey broker peace?

[ES] Este trabajo de investigación trata de explorar y comprender la situación que se vive en Palestina de la mano de algunas de sus protagonistas, mujeres activistas y comprometidas que con su vida cotidiana luchan y resisten a una injusta ocupación y colonización llevada a cabo por el Estado de Israel. Desde un posicionamiento epistemológico activista y feminista me acercaré a ellas, a sus prácticas y a sus discursos, con el fin de entender, en primer lugar, qué tipo de violencias experimentan sus vidas y qué herramientas y tecnologías utiliza el Estado israelí para construir un aparato neocolonial racista y violento que deshumaniza las vidas palestinas. Pero también trataré de averiguar cómo hacen frente estas mujeres a todas estas violencias. Aprenderé de sus discursos decoloniales a deconstruir la imagen islamófoba que ha construido Occidente sobre las mujeres musulmanas con hiyab, supuestamente víctimas y sumisas; y analizaré sus prácticas de lucha y resistencia, comprendiendo que la no-violencia y la solidaridad internacionalista feminista son el camino hacia la rehumanización de las, en palabras de Butler, vidas que no merecen ser lloradas. / [CA] Aquest treball de recerca tracta d'explorar i comprendre la situació que es viu en Palestina de la mà d'algunes de les seues protagonistes, dones activistes i compromeses que amb la seua vida quotidiana lluiten i resisteixen a una injusta ocupació i colonització duta a terme per l'Estat d'Israel. Des d'un posicionament epistemològic activista i feminista m'acostaré a elles, a les seues pràctiques i als seus discursos, amb la finalitat d'entendre, en primer lloc, quin tipus de violències experimenten les seues vides i quines eines i tecnologies utilitza l'Estat israelià per a construir un aparell neocolonial racista i violent que deshumanitza les vides palestines. Però també tractaré d'esbrinar com fan front aquestes dones a totes aquestes violències. Aprendré dels seus discursos decolonials a desconstruir l'imatge islamòfoba que ha construït Occident sobre les dones musulmanes amb hijab, suposadament víctimes i submises; i analitzaré les seues pràctiques de lluita i resistència, comprenent que la no-violència i la solidaritat internacionalista feminista són el camí cap a la rehumanització de les, en paraules de Butler, vides que no mereixen ser plorades. / [EN] This research work tries to explore and understand the situation that exists in Palestine from some of its protagonists' voices, activist and committed women who, with their daily lives, fight and resist an unjust occupation and colonization carried out by the State of Israel. From an activist and feminist epistemological position, I will approach them, their practices and their discourses, in order to understand, in the first place, what kind of violence are their lives experience and what tools and technologies the Israeli State uses to build a neocolonial, racist and violent apparatus that dehumanizes Palestinian lives. But I will also try to find out how these women face all this violence. I will learn from her decolonial speeches to deconstruct the Islamophobic image that the West has built on Muslim women with hijab, supposedly victims and submissive; and I will analyze their practices of struggle and resistance, understanding that non-violence and feminist internationalist solidarity are the ways to rehumanize those, in Butler's words, lives that do not deserve to be mourned. / Fuente Espinosa, MTDL. (2022). Ellas "enseñan vida": experiencias de lucha y resistencia de las mujeres palestinas. Un análisis desde la solidaridad feminista internacionalista [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/182384 / TESIS

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