Habitat conservation planning under the Endangered Species Act has been compared to ecosystem management by Secretary of Interior, Bruce Babbitt. Yet, ecosystem management, an emerging paradigm for public lands management, has not been defined or criteria established for determining if actions indeed follow it. This thesis addresses ecosystem management through the review of current literature and develops a set of criteria that fall into the following five topic areas: ecological orientation, time and spatial scales, human roles in management, management actions, and data collection. After a comparison of the criteria to five case studies of habitat conservation plans, it is determined that habitat conservation planning is not ecosystem management. A discussion of how habitat conservation planning could be more like ecosystem management further concludes that the Endangered Species Act may not be the only appropriate place for ecosystem management legislation to be. Local and state governments may be better suited to address ecosystem management in the context of habitat conservation planning. / Master of Urban and Regional Planning

No / Z. W. Pylyshyn and R. W. Storm (1988) have shown that human observers can accurately track four to five items at a time. However, when a threshold paradigm is used, observers are unable to track more than a single trajectory accurately (S. P. Tripathy & B. T. Barrett, 2004). This difference between the two studies is examined systematically using substantially suprathreshold stimuli. The stimuli consisted of one (Experiment 1) or more (Experiments 2 and 3) bilinear target trajectories embedded among several linear distractor trajectories. The target trajectories deviated clockwise (CW) or counterclockwise (CCW) (by 19°, 38°, or 76° in Experiments 1 and 2 and by 19°, 38°, or 57° in Experiment 3), and observers reported the direction of deviation. From the percentage of correct responses, the ¿effective¿ number of tracked trajectories was estimated for each experimental condition. The total number of trajectories in the stimulus and the number of deviating trajectories had only a small effect on the effective number of tracked trajectories; the effective number tracked was primarily influenced by the angle of deviation of the targets and ranged from four to five trajectories for a ±76° deviation to only one to two trajectories for a ±19° deviation, regardless of whether the different magnitudes of deviation were blocked (Experiment 2) or interleaved (Experiment 3). Simple hypotheses based on ¿averaging of orientations,¿ ¿preallocation of resources,¿ or pop-out, crowding, or masking of the target trajectories are unlikely to explain the relationship between the effective number tracked and the angle of deviation of the target trajectories. This study reconciles the difference between the studies cited above in terms of the number of trajectories that can be tracked at a time.

Thesis (MPhil (Religion and Culture) Practical Theology and Missiology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study distinguishes between religion as a sense of belonging to the ultimately-real and specific religious traditions. Religion, as used here, concerns a cosmological understanding of the universe and with that which is experienced as meaningful and real on an existential level. Although differences between religious traditions are generaly known, most people‟s emotional conceptual frameworks of the universe are so deep seated that they do not even realise that far-reaching differences between people on this level too are possible. It often happens, for example, that concepts such as transcendence and redemption are incorrectly accepted as universal to all of humanity. Yet in fact, cosmological concepts (the nature and experience of the immediate world out there, the conceptual understanding of time, the role of chance versus determinism, the source of religious knowledge and so forth) can be experienced differently on a symbolic level. In the context of Religion and Media which is the field of study relevant here, as well as in a number of other contexts, it is problematic when scholars project their own views of reality and meaning experiences onto those of others – especially when they expressly articulate their intention as the opposite. John Cumpsty (1991) distinguished three ways in which a person can derive meaning from the cosmic totality and I shall discuss two of these with reference to the Western-Christian and the traditional African reality views. From this, it becomes clear that radical different patterns of cosmological understanding are possible, each with its own systemically related set of symbols. Along with Cumpsty‟s theory, I also use the theory of Castells (2005) on the construction of social identities, as well as the theory of Sen (2006) on the use of cognitive versus affective dimensions in identity formation, to indicate how cosmological symbols can be positioned differently. With these three theories in mind, I subsequently interpret the identities of the main characters in three films hermeneutically. I specifically selected this medium as a segment of life to be studied because of the increasing popularity of the medium in reflection, construction and projection of existential meaning. Another reason for my choice is the many examples where interpretors of film project their own cosmological understanding onto those of others whilst they actually intend to be pluralistic. The findings of this study surprised me. Firstly and as expected, it clarifies the nature of differences between the Western-Christian and the traditional African cosmologies, as well as how these are implemented in praxis and by symbolic interpretations. However, the integration of the three theories also afforded me the opportunity to develop a method for a religious-cosmological analyses of identities. According to this method, an interpretor of films can distinguish between his or her own paradigm and a possible other paradigm. It allows the analyst to acknowledge the own paradigm and simultaneously respect another paradigm – without projecting the own onto the other. Therefore this method diminishes the chances of using dubble-text interpretation which maintains or promotes the exclusion of others. With this method, as well as the findings of this study, one can go much wider than the field of Religion and Media, as it involves the understanding of identity and different ways of belonging to the cosmic totality. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie onderskei tussen religie as ’n manier van behoort aan die ultiem-werklike en spesifieke religieuse tradisies. Religie soos hier gebruik, het te make met ‟n kosmologiese verstaan van die heelal en met wat eksistensieel as werklik en sinvol ervaar word. Hoewel verskille tussen religieuse tradisies algemeen bekend is, is mense se emosionele verstaansraamwerke van die heelal so diep gesetel, dat die meeste nie eens besef dat daar ook op hierdie vlak ingrypende verskille is nie. So gebeur dit dikwels dat konsepte soos “transendensie” en “verlossing”verkeerdelik as universeel aan alle mense en religeuse tradisies beskou word. In der waarheid kan kosmologiese komponente (die aard en ervaring van die onmiddellike realiteit; tydsverstaan; die rol van kans teenoor determinisme; die bron van religieuse kennis; ensovoorts) egter op ’n simboliese vlak verskillend ervaar word. In die konteks van Religie en Media waarbinne hierdie studie val, asook binne vele ander kontekste, is dit problematies wanneer akademici hul eie realiteitsiening en sinservaring op dié van ander projekteer – veral wanneer hulle hulself uitdruklik voorgeneem het om die teendeel te doen. John Cumpsty (1991) het drie maniere waarop mense sin maak van die kosmiese totaliteit onderskei en ek bespreek twee daarvan met verwysing na die Westers-Christelike en die tradisionele Afrika realiteitsienings. Hieruit word dit dan duidelik dat algeheel verskillende patrone in ‟n kosmiese verstaan moontlik is, elk met ‟n eie stel simbole wat sistemies bymekaar aansluit. Saam met Cumpsty se teorie, gebruik ek ook dié van Castells (2005) oor sosiale identiteitsvorming, en dié van Sen (2006) oor die gebruik van die kognitiewe versus die affektiewe in identiteitsvorming om aan te toon hoe kosmologiese simbole verskillend geposisioneer kan word. Met hierdie drie teorieë in gedagte, ontsluit ek vervolgens die identiteite van die hoofkarakers in drie rolprente hermeneuties. Ek het spesifiek dié medium as ‟n bestudeerbare greep van die lewe gekies weens die toenemende gewildheid daarvan in die refleksie, konstruksie en projeksie van eksistensiële sin. Nog ‟n rede is die talle voorbeelde waarin interpreteerders van rolprente hul eie kosmiese verstaan op dié van andere projekteer terwyl hulle eintlik pluralisties wil wees. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie was vir my verrassend. Dit bring eerstens, soos verwag, wel helderheid oor die aard van verskille tussen die Westers-Christelike en die tradisionele Afrika kosmologieë, asook hoe dit in die praktyk kan uitspeel aan die hand van simboliese interpretasies. Die integrasie van die drie teorieë het my egter ook die kans gebied om ‟n metode vir ’n religieus-kosmologiese analise van identiteit te ontwikkel. Hiervolgens kan ‟n ontleder van rolprente op ‟n redelike, sistematiese en sistemiese manier tussen sy of haar eie, sowel as ‟n moontlike ander, paradigma onderskei. Dit laat die ontleder toe om die eie paradigma te erken, sowel as respek te betoon teenoor ’n ander paradigma – sonder om die eie op die ander te projekteer. Daarom verminder hierdie metode veral ook die kans op die gebruik van ‟n dubbele-teks interpretasie wat uitsluiting van die ander handhaaf of bevorder. Hierdie metode, sowel as die bevindinge van die studie, kan veel wyer as die veld van Religie en Media toegepas word, omdat dit te make het met die verstaan van identiteit en verskillende maniere van behoort aan die kosmiese totaliteit.

A Brain Computer Interface (BCI) provides a means, to control external devices, through the electrical activity of the brain, bypassing motor movement. Recent years have seen an increase in the application of P300 cognitive potential as a control and/or communication signal for the motor restoration in paralyzed patients, such as those in the later stages of ALS (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). Although many of these patients are in locked-in state i.e. where motor control is not possible, their cognition is known to remain intact. The P300 speller paradigm explored in this study relying on this cognition represented by the P300 peak potential in EEG (Electroencephalography) signals to restore communication. The conventional visual oddball paradigms used to elicit P300 potential may not be the optimum choice due to their need for precise eye-gazing, which may be challenge for many patients. This study introduces a novel paradigm with motor imagery as a secondary after-stimulus task in a traditional visual oddball paradigm for P300 Speller application. We observed increased P300 peak amplitude as well as the event-related desynchronization (ERD) associated with motor imagery in six healthy novice subjects. Acceptable detection accuracy was obtained in the five-trial averaged signals from 250 ms to 750 ms after the visual stimulation, whereby the early visual evoked potentials were excluded from classification. As an enhancement, efforts are being made to assess implementation by motor imagery embedded in an auditory oddball paradigm which would minimize the need for eye-gazing further. We can conclude from the results of this study that the proposed paradigm with motor imagery embedded in a traditional visual oddball paradigm might be a feasible option for communication restoration in paralyzed patients.

This work approaches the phenomenon called voseo from two different points of view: synchronic and diachronic. At the beginning, the work compares verbal and pronominal systems in Spain and Hispanic America, then analyses the evolution of voseo with the help of writings from given periods (from Cid to Classicism). In addition, it examines how different grammars (from the first grammar of Nebrija to the newest grammar of the Royal Spanish Academy) see this phenonomenon. In the part dedicated to the synchronic view, it describes voseo in different states with the help of the corpus of the Royal Spanish Academy.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:49:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DEUSILENE SILVA DE LEAO.pdf: 4546671 bytes, checksum: a7673c3bc2fe7291f13e05f9cdab7794 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-28 / It s here proposed in this research a study of the human spirituality as intelligence. The primary purpose was to show that the human being is endowed with a spiritual understanding, that is, he carries within him a divine spark capable of making sense and meaning to his life, and that from this emerges the need for that human being to have a new vision of the world. The dissertation is divided into three chapters. The first deals with the contextualization of the historical process by which humanity has experienced, thus presenting a story about the paradigm of rationality and the transition to the new paradigm. The second explains how spirituality is understood in the traditional paradigm and the new paradigms, as well as the urgency and importance of spirituality as intelligence, highlighting it s urgency today. The third shows a correlation between concepts and theories presented in previous chapters, utilising Jesus as an example, a person who had the spiritual intelligence as an evident trace in his being. / Propõe-se nesta pesquisa a fazer um estudo da espiritualidade humana como inteligência. O intuito principal foi mostrar que o ser humano é dotado de uma inteligência espiritual, isto é, que ele carrega dentro de si uma centelha divina capaz de criar sentido e significado para a sua vida, e que disso emerge a necessidade de esse ser humano ter uma nova visão de mundo. A dissertação está dividida em três capítulos. O primeiro trata da contextualização do processo histórico pelo qual a humanidade vem passando, apresentando, assim, a história sobre o paradigma da racionalidade, assim como a passagem para o novo paradigma. O segundo expõe como a espiritualidade é compreendida no paradigma tradicional e o novo paradigma, bem como a urgência e relevância da espiritualidade como inteligência, destacando sua premente atualidade. O terceiro apresenta uma correlação entre conceitos e teorias apresentados nos capítulos antecedentes, utilizando como exemplo Jesus, uma pessoa que tinha a inteligência espiritual como traço evidente de seu ser.

Konkurrensen i tillverkningsföretag ökar ständigt och detta medför att det ställs hårda krav på produktkvalitet och förmågan att leverera produkter i tid. För att företag ska kunna nå upp till dessa mål krävs utveckling och ständiga förbättringar i takt med den växande marknaden. Detta uppnås på olika sätt men ett vanligt sätt är att arbeta med förbättringsmetodiker. Val av förbättringsmetodik beror på företagets tillverkning, kunskap inom företaget och resurser inom företaget. Att välja förbättringsmetodik anpassat till den egna organisationen är väldigt svårt för många organisationer och många organisationer ställer sig frågan: ”Vilken metod passar bäst för den egna organisationen?”. Målet med examensarbetet är att undersöka om och hur Lean Production och Theory of Constraints kan användas i företag med high-mix low-volume produktion. Med hjälp av en litteraturstudie och en fallstudie har följande frågor besvarats: 1) hur Lean Prodution och Theory of Constraints används i en HMLV produktion och hur dessa kombineras, 2) hur produktionsflödet styrs enligt Lean Production och Theory of Constraints för att effektivisera en produktionsprocess i ett HMLV företag, 3) vilka personliga paradigm och policys det uppstår enligt Lean Production och Theory of Constraints i HMLV företag och vad sambandet mellan dessa och kvalitet är. Resultat från litteraturstudien och fallstudien visar att Lean Production och dess verktyg går bra att använda kombinerat med Theory of Constraints i HMLV företag med vissa undantag. Dessa undantag är dock inga undantag som säger att Lean Production och dess verktyg inte går att använda i HMLV företag i kombination med Theory of Constraints. Dessa undantag behöver endast anpassas för HMLV produktion. Resultaten visade också att standardiserat arbete i en produktion har en avgörande roll när Lean Production och Theory of Constraints används. Standardiserat arbete bidrar till att fortsatt utveckling och implementering underlättas. Resultaten visar även på att produktionsflödet kan anpassas med hjälp av metoder inom Lean Production och Theory of Constraints och att detta göras bäst när dessa två metodiker kombineras. Vidare visade resultaten att nya investeringar i form av ny utrustning inte är nödvändiga i många fall. Detta förutsätter att flaskhalsar, så som personliga paradigm och policys, identifieras. Resultaten visade även att kvaliteten är direkt kopplad till dessa två flaskhalsar och att en investering i ledarskap är att föredra. / Competition between manufacturing companies is constantly increasing and this causes high demands on product quality and ability to deliver products in time. For companies to be able to reach these goals it is necessary to work with development and continuous improvements and respond to the current pace of the market. This can be achieved in different ways, but a common method is to work with improvement methodologies. Selecting which improvement methodologies to use depends on a company’s manufacturing, knowledge, and resources. Many organisations find it difficult to choose improvement methodologies for their particular organisation and ask the question: “Which method is best suited for our organisation?”. The goal of this study is to examine whether and how Lean Production and Theory of Constraints can be utilized in companies with high-mix low-volume production. By performing a literature review and a case study the following questions have been answered: 1) how Lean production and Theory of constraints are utilized in a HMLV production system and how they can be combined, 2) how the production flow is controlled according to Lean Production and Theory of Constraints to improve the efficiency of a production process in a HMLV company, 3) what personal paradigms and policys arise according to Lean Production and Theory of Constraints in HMLV company and what the relationship between these and quality is. Results from the literature review and case study show that Lean Production and its tools are possible to use in a combination with Theory of Constraints in HMLV companies with some exceptions. However there is no exceptions saying that Lean Production and its tools combined with Theory of Constraints can not be utilized in HMLV companies. These exceptions only need to be adjusted for HMLV production. The results also showed that standardized work in a production process plays a crucial role when combining Lean production with Theory of Constraints. Standardized work contributes to facilitation of further development and implementation. The results show that the production flow can be adjusted using methods from Lean Production and Theory of Constraints, and that this is done best by combining these two methodologies. Furthermore, the results showed that in many cases new investments in the form of new equipment are not necessary. This assumes that bottlenecks, such as personal paradigms and policies are identified. The results showed that quality is directly linked to these two bottlenecks and that an investment in management is preferable.

1 Abstract The thesis explores the role of the contemporary underground subculture. The study critically deals with the "underground myth": the idea that the underground community had a major influence on the fall of the communist regime in Czechoslovakia. The last topic is the role of Voknoviny, a magazine considered a fundamental medium of the current subculture. The theoretical part of the work focuses on history of the underground subculture. Furthermore, the theoretical part describes popular culture and subcultures theories. Also, the historians' view of the normalization proces and the role the underground played in the fall of the communist regime. The principal part of the work analyses interviews with four figures of the underground community. The research sample was designed to cover the main significant "structures and institutions" of the underground. The analysis of the interviews is complemented by the content analysis of the Voknoviny magazine. The results show that while the current underground is based on the tradition of its pre-revolution predecessor, it now fits within the dominant society framework. The interviewees agreed that the role of the underground in the collapse of the communist regime lied primarily on uniting the opposition. Although Voknoviny has a larger readership than...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:30:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6278.pdf: 3722087 bytes, checksum: 5d4fe7ef1accdc79a886f6fa9eec0aff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-18 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / False memories are defined as remembering events that never happened or remember facts in a distorted way. In cognitive psychology this phenomenon has been studied through the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm, in witch lists of words semanticaly related are used. In behavior analysis, the paradigm of stimulus equivalence is a proposition to study semantic relations. This doctoral dissertation presents three studies with undergraduate students in witch DRM and the stimulus equivalence paradigms were used in association to investigate false memories. First and second studies aimed to replicate the phenomenon in a experimental situations, using both Paradigms. Difference concentrates in the controlled variables. In Study 1, nonsense words were used as stimuli. Procedure was divided into two phases. Phase 1: formation of three twelve members equivalence classes. Phase 2: verification of false memories using lists based on DRM paradigm. A list with 10 out of the 12 stimuli from each of the three classes was presented (study list). After completing a distracter task a lists composed by all stimuli from previously list (targets), the rest of the stimuli form the classes (critical distractors) and four more nonsense words (non-related distracters) were shown. Participants should indicate witch stimuli were presented on study list. Participant recognized significantly more critical distratctors, compared to non-related stimuli. However, results could be due to the novelty of non-related distractors. In the second study, this variable was controlled. In Study 2, bot phases were presented, but in Phase 1, participants were first taught three four-stimuli equivalence classes in witch one set of stimuli was familiar pictures. Later, three classes with twelve stimuli were taught. Stimuli from the first three classes were used as non-related distractors. Participant did not recognized significantly more critical distratctors, compared to non-related. It is argued that results could be due to a weak relations between stimuli from the equivalence classes. The third study aimed to increase the relations between stimuli and to investigate the effect of including emotional stimuli in equivalence classes, on false memories. Study 2 was replicated and in the twelve-member classes, a set of stimuli was pictures with happiness, angry or neutrality expressions. Only in neutral list critical ditractors were recognized significantly more than non-related distractors. Results indicates list with emotions are less likely to produce false memories. / Falsas memórias são definidas como lembranças de eventos que nunca aconteceram ou lembranças distorcidas de fatos do passado. Na psicologia cognitiva, este fenômeno tem sido estudado por meio do paradigma Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) que utiliza listas com palavras associadas semanticamente. Na análise do comportamento, existe a proposta do estudo de relações semânticas utilizando o paradigma da equivalência de estímulos. A presente tese apresenta três estudos que utilizaram o paradigma DRM e o de equivalência de estímulos no estudo de falsas memórias. O primeiro e o segundo estudos tiveram por objetivo replicar o fenômeno, em situação experimental, utilizando os dois paradigmas. A diferença esteve nas variáveis controladas em ambos os estudos. No Estudo 1 foram utilizadas apenas pseudopalavras como estímulos. O procedimento foi dividido em duas fases. Fase 1: treino para formação de três classes de equivalência compostas por 12 estímulos. Fase 2: teste de falsas memórias. Uma lista era apresentada com alguns dos estímulos das classes formadas na fase anterior (lista de estudo). Após um tarefa distratora, era apresentada uma lista composta por todos os estímulos da lista de estudo (alvos), o restante dos estímulos das classes, que não constavam na lista de estudo (distratores críticos) e mais quatro novos estímulos (distratores não relacionados). Os resultados mostraram reconhecimento significativamente maior dos distratores críticos do que dos não relacionados. Uma variável importante observada foi que os resultados poderiam ser fruto da novidade dos distratores críticos. No segundo estudo essa variável foi controlada. No Estudo 2, as duas fases também estiveram presentes, porém na Fase 1 foram ensinadas, primeiramente, três classes de equivalência com quatro estímulos, em que um dos conjuntos de estímulos era composto por figuras familiares. Em seguida, três classes com 12 estímulos foram ensinadas. Qs estímulos das primeiras classes foram utilizados como distratores não relacionados. Os resultados apontaram que não houve diferenças significativas no reconhecimento dos dois tipos de distratores. Argumenta-se que esse resultado possa ser fruto de um baixo grau de relacionamento entre os estímulos das classes de equivalência. O terceiro estudo pretendeu aumentar a força das relações de equivalência e verificar a influência da utilização de estímulos com conteúdos emocionais nas classes de equivalência na ocorrência de falsas memórias. O estudo 2 foi replicado e, para as classes com 12 estímulos, os estímulos de um dos conjuntos de cada classe eram ou expressões faciais de alegria, ou de raiva, ou de neutralidade. Apenas na lista neutra, os distratores críticos foram mais reconhecidos que os não relacionados. Os resultados indicam que listas com conteúdo emocional são menos sujeitas a falsas memórias.

The thesis is focused on the functional analysis of the organization. The theoretical part of the thesis is aimed at the concept of formal organizations in terms of the main sociological paradigms, with an emphasis on the structural functional paradigm and AGIL paradigm defining the four major subsystems of the organization. The research part of the thesis deals with the indentification and analysis of these subsystems. For data collection were used three research methods - questionnaire, interview and study of documents. The output is the analysis of subsystems in order to determine their functionality. On the basis of its results the socio-technical recommendations are determined for the organization.